OBJECTIVE: To optimize the extraction condition of volatile oil from five medicinal materials in Rutongxiaojie granules and to optimize the inclusion process of the extracted volatile oil. METHODS: The extraction condition was evaluated by orthogonal test with the recovery of volatile oil as indicator; and the inclusion condition was evaluated with the comprehensive scores of recovery ratio of inclusion compound, the content of volatile oil in inclusion compound and the utilization ratio of the volatile oil as criteria. RESULTS: The optimum extraction condition was established as follows: the medicinal materials were soaked in 10 times volume of water for 1hour and distilled for 9h by steam distillation. The optimum inclusion condition was as follows: the proportion of volatile oil to ?-CD was 1∶8; the inclusion temperature was 30℃ and including time was 20min. CONCLUSION: Both the extraction condition and the inclusion condition were reasonable and feasible.

Objective:To observe clinical and pathological features of pancreatic solid-pseudopapillary tumor ( SPPT) , and to find some useful immunohistochemical methods for its differential diagnosis.Methods: The clinical features of 14 SPPT patients were obtained. Each case underwent microscopic observation and immunohistochemical staining. The primary antibodies were CgA, Syn, E-cadherin, β-catenin and Cyclin Dl. These results were compared with 5 pancreatic well-differentiated tumors and well-differentiated carcinomas ( WET/WEC). Results: SPPT mainly involved young women, and the head of pancreas was the commonest location. Tumors were always in solid and cystic gross appearance.Although the tumor' s borderlines seemed clear, focal infiltrations could often be identified. The histological features of SPPT were similar in some aspects to those of WET/WEC, especially the solid pattern of WET/WEC. Both of them could express CgA and Syn. But all SPPTs lost E-cadherin membranous signals, and even had some nuclear signals (5/14) , while all WET/WECs remained the same staining pattern with normal pancreas cells, β-catenin positive signals in SPPTs were located both in nuclei and plas mas. WET/WECs' positive signals were all in membranes and plasmas, but negative ones in nuclei. Perinuclear dot-like signals could also be seen in the majority cells, which were similar to normal islet cells' staining pattern. SPPTs' nuclear positive rates of Cyclin Dl were usually more than 70% (12/14). WET/WECs' rates were all lower than 30%. Conclusion: Comprehensive analysis of patients'clinical, pathological features and immunohistoehemistry results, including E-cadherin, β-catenin and Cyclin Dl, was helpful to the diagnosis of SPPT and its differential diagnosis of WET/WEC.

Objective To analyze the falls of female inpatients with the psychotics diseases and summarize effective nursing intervention. Method Two hundred and eighty-nine psychiatric female inpatients from April 2014 to August 2014 were collected, and the reasons of falls cases during this period were analyzed and nursing methods were formulated. Result Nine patients fell, with an incidence of 3.11%(9/289) including the reason of lack of risk dynamic evaluation, lack of fall prevention measures and shortage of nursing personnel. Conclusions The reasons for the falls of the hospitalized psychiatric female patients include lack of risk dynamic evaluation, lack of fall prevention measures, shortage of nursing personnel. The nursing countermeasures include risk assessment of dynamic management and the implementation of the fall prevention measures , strengthening training and health education so as to prevent and reduce the occurrence of falls and ensure patients'safety.

Objectives To review the publications of general practice research in China mainland from 1993 to 2012.Methods The literatures on general practice research published in China mainland from 1993 to 2012 were retrieved from the China Journal Full Text Databases , Wanfang Databases and PubMed . The publications were analyzed using the literature management software NoteExpress 2, Excelland SPSS 19.0.Results A total of 16 349 Chinese publications and 266 English publications of general practice research were collected .The amount of publications was gradually increasing during 1993 and 2012 and there was a sharp increase in the Chinese publications from 2008 to 2012 comparing with the previous years.The Chinese publications in China′s core journals accounted for 32.39%(5 295/16 349) of total of publications;and the English publications in SCI journals accounted for 96.62% ( 257/266 ) of total publications.The authors from community health service facilities accounted for 76.01%(12 427/16 349) of Chinese publications; while authors from research institutes and universities accounted for 61.65%(164/266) of the English publications .Results showed that 37.59% ( 6 145/16 349 ) and 37.12%( 6 069/16 349 ) of the Chinese publications were commentaries and descriptive studies , only 9.57%(1 565/16 349) were randomized controlled trials;52.63% (140/266) of the English publications were descriptive studies and 9.02% ( 24/266 ) were randomized controlled trials .60.75% ( 9 932/16 349 ) of the Chinese publications and 75.94% ( 202/266 ) of the English publications were focused on clinical topics.Conclusion Although the number of general practice publications has been increasing during 1993-2012, the quality of publications is still less satisfactory and need to be further improved .

Objective To study the effects of quantitative 24-hour urinary protein on the thyroid hormone levels in patients with severe preeclamp-sia,and clarify the impact of severe urinary protein on hypothyroid in severe preeclampsia patients. Methods A total of 166 patients with severe pre-eclampsia were recruited for the study and divided into mild proteinuria group(2.0-4.9 g/d),midrange group(5-10 g/d)and severe group(>10 g/d)according to the quantitative 24-hour urinary protein. 268 healthy female individuals with normal blood pressure and uric routine in the same stage of pregnancy and of the same age were selected into control group. Serum thyrotropin(TSH),free triiodothyronine(FT3)and free thyroxine (FT4)levels were determined by solid-phase chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay method(CMIA). The thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb)concentration were detected by electrochemiluminescent assay(ECLIA). Results TSH levels were signifi-cantly higher in patients comparing to the control group(P<0.01). In addition,severe group showed higher TSH levels than mild group(P<0.01). FT4 and FT3 levels were obviously decreased with the progression of the disease(P<0.01 and P<0.05). The positive rate of TPOAb in mild group was significantly higher than that in moderate group(OR=9.8,P<0.05). There was no significant difference of the TGAb positive rate among three patient groups(P>0.05). The incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism and clinical hypothyroidism in severe group was significantly higher than that in mild group and in control group(OR=2.5,P<0.05 and OR=9.0,P<0.05;OR=8.0,P<0.01 and OR=43.4,P<0.01). Conclusion Our re-sults indicated that 24-hour urine protein in severe preeclampsia patients has extensive effects on thyroid hormones levels. With the increasing of quantitative 24-hour urinary protein,the level of TSH increased and the FT4 decreased. Thyroid autoantibody positiveness has extensive effects on 24- hour urine protein. Incidence of hypothyroid increased with the increase of quantitative 24-hour urinary protein. 24-hour urinary protein quantitative was a risk factor for hypothyroidism in severe preeclampsia patients. More attention should be paid to the monitoring of 24-hour urinary protein in se-vere preeclampsia patients.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate in vitro effect of abnormal savda munziq (ASMq) on the proliferation and apoptosis of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs).

METHODSHSFs were divided into six groups to receive different treatments as group A (blank control group), group B-E (ASMq in different concentration), and group F(5-Fu). Each group contains six specimens. The HSFs were cultured in vitro. After culture for 48 hours, the CCK8 test and flow cytometry methods were used to detect the proliferation, cell cycle and apoptosis.

RESULTSThe proliferation of HSFs in the B, C, D and E groups was inhibited at G2/M period, while it was inhibited at G0/S period in group F (P < 0.05). The inhibition effect of ASMq (0.1-1.0 mg/ml) on the fibroblasts enhanced in a concentration-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis with annexin V-FITC and PI staining confirmed the apoptotic. When HSFs were exposed to ASMq at 1.0 mg/ml (group E) for 48 h, the percentage of apoptotic cells increased to (43.7 +/- 2.58)%, which was significantly higher than that of blank control group (2.2 +/- 0.59)%. The induced apoptosis effect was also increased in a concentration-dependent manner.

CONCLUSIONASMq has a inhibitory effect on the proliferation and an enhancement effect on the apoptosis of fibroblast. ASMq could be used as an effective drug for treatment of hypertrophic scar.

Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; physiology ; Cell Division ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic ; pathology ; Fibroblasts ; cytology ; drug effects ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional

Background and purpose: Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a malignancy of uncertain differentiation tumor characterized by a multinodular structure and abundant myxoid matrix. Its preferred sites were the deep soft tissues of the extremities. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of EMC. Methods: Seven cases of EMC were analyzed for clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features with review of the related literature. Results: It occurred predominantly in females (male/female=2︰5). Five cases were located in low extremities and two in upper limb girdles, more commonly near the joint. Grossly, the masses showed as grey, lobular and somewhat transparent with a relatively well-deifned margin. Microscopically, the small ovary or plump spindle-shaped cells arranged in strand and cord patterns and lobular architecture which separated by delicate fibrous networks with an abundant myxoid but hypovascular background. And the tumors were immunoreactive for vimentin, and partly for S-100 and EMA, meanwhile, negative for CK. Conclusion:EMC is a rare soft tissue sarcoma with distinctive histopathological features. It should be distinguished from some mimics especially those tumors with a myxoid stroma or chondroid differentiation, such as chordoma and chondrosarcoma.

Objective To study thyroid hormone changes in women with pre-eclampsia patients,the characteristics of thyroid disease and its relationship with pre-eclampsia.Methods From May 2011 to December 2012 171 patients with pre-eclampsia who delivered in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University were recruited as prc-eclampsia(PE) group,among which 114 cases were defined as early onset pre-eclampsia (EP) group and 57 cases were defined as late onset pre-eclampsia (LP) group.And 171 healthy women with same age and same stage of pregnancy were selected as the control group.Their blood pressures were normal and they had no obstetrical complications.Serum thyrotropin (TSH),free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels were determined by solid-phase chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay method (CMIA).Thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TGAb) were measured by electro-chemiluminescent assay (ECLIA).The positive rate was calculated (TPOAb ＞ 5.6 U/L,TGAb ＞ 4.1 U/L were defined as positive result).The relationship between TSH,FT3,FT4 level and blood pressure was analyzed in women with pre-eclampsia.Results (1) The median values of TSH,FT4 and FT3 in PE group were 3.4 mU/L,(12.0 ± 3.0) pmol/L and(3.9 ± 0.9) pmol/L.In the control group,they were 1.9 mU/L,(13.4 ± 2.4) and (5.0 ± 1.3) pmol/L.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups(P ＜ 0.01).In EP group,the median values of TSH,FT4 and FT3 were 3.3 mU/L,(12.1 ± 3.4) pmol/L and (3.8 ± 0.9) pmol/L.The differences between EP group and the control group were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).In LP group,the median values of TSH,FT4 and FT3 were 3.4 mU/L,(11.9 ± 3.1) pmol/L and (3.9 ± 1.0) pmol/L.There were statistically significant differences compared to the control group(P ＜0.01).While there was no difference between EP group and LP group (P ＞ 0.05).(2) The positive rate of TPOAb and TGAb in PE group were 15.2％ (26/171)and 21.6％ (37/171),and were 12.3％ (21/171) and 14.6％ (25/171) in the control group.There was statistically significant difference in the TGAb positive rate (P ＜ 0.01),but the difference in TPOAb positive rate was not statistically different(P ＞0.05).The TPOAb positive rates in EP group and LP group were 12.3 ％ (14/114) and 21.1％ (12/57),respectively,with no statistically significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).And the positive rates of TGAb in EP group and LP group were 21.9％ (25/114)and 21.1％ (12/57),respectively,with no statistically significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).The positive rate of TPOAb in LP group and in the control group had statistically significant difference(P ＜0.01).(3) The morbidity of thyroid disease in PE group and in the control group were 47.4％ (81/171) and 16.4％ (28/171),with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).(4) The morbidity of subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism in PE group and in the control group were 45.0％ (77/171) and 16.4％ (28/171),with statistically significant difference(P ＜0.01).(5) The morbidity of subclinical hyperthyroidism in PE group and in the control group were 2.3 ％ (4/171) and 1.8 ％ (3/171),with no statistically significant difference (P＞0.05).(6) In PE group,women with TSH level of 0.3-3.3 mU/L had systolic pressure of(170 ± 21)mmHg (1mmHg =0.133 kPa)and diastolic pressure of(112 ± 15) mmHg; women with TSH ＞ 3.3 mU/L had systolic pressure of(166 ± 21)mmHg and diastolic pressure of(109 ± 13)mmHg.There was no statistically significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).But the diastolic pressure in EP group and LP group had statistically significant difference(P ＜ 0.01).In PE group,no correlation was found among TSH,FT4 levels and systolic pressure,diastolic pressure(P ＞ 0.05).FT3 level was negatively correlated to diastolic pressure (r =-0.172,P =0.023).Conclusions It is common that pre-eclampsia is complicated with thyroid dysfunction,mainly subclinical hypothyroidism.Thus it is nessesary to test thyroid hormone and thyroid antibodies in women with pre-eclampsia.The decrease of FT3 and FT4,the increase of TSH and the presence of TPOAb and TGAb are related with the presence of pre-eclampsia.

OBJECTIVETo obtain more information on DNA fingerprintings and to confirm the genetic relationships of ten wide populations of Pinellia tornata.

METHODCollect wide-type or cultivated P. tornata from ten major production areas nation-wide as material. Twelve combinations of EcoR I and Mse I primers were used to asses divergence among ten populations. The data were analyzed using unweighted pair-group method, based on arithmetic averages (UPGMA) bootstrap analysis. Cluster analyses were performed by using NTSYSpc software version 2.1. The alkaloid was extracted from P. ternate with chlorolform and determined in UV absorption spectroscop.

RESULT1,673 bands were applied with 12 combinations. These results of cluster were congruent with differences in total alkloids.

CONCLUSIONThe results of the study showed a potential application of AFLP fingerprinting for identification of P. ternata.

Alkaloids ; analysis ; China ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA Fingerprinting ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Phylogeny ; Pinellia ; chemistry ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; genetics ; Quality Control

Objective To analyze composition principles of prescriptions for the treatment of diarrhoea caused by deficiency of spleen. Methods The prescriptions for diarrhoea caused by deficiency of spleen in the Prescriptions of Traditional Chinese Medicine Dictionary were collected, sorted and entered into the TCM Inheritance Support System (V1.3) to analyze the composition principles through the methods of entropy clustering and apriori. Results Based on the analysis of 1185 prescriptions and 815 medications, there were 33 medications with more than 50 frequencies. Composition principles were obtained through apriori method:50 herbal pairs were used with more than 50 frequencies, and 29 core combinations with more than 40 frequencies. Association principle rule were used for the analysis of those medications in the prescriptions (support≥20%, confidence≥0.9). Principles were obtained through entropy clustering:there were 19 core combinations which composed the new prescriptions, and 19 new prescriptions were found through hierarchical clustering method. There were 17 prescriptions matching with Sijunzi decoction (semblance=0.5). Conclusion Diarrhoea caused by deficiency of spleen should be treated with strengthening spleen and benefiting qi primarily, assisting with warming yang, excreting dampness and checking diarrhoea.