AIM: To know the psychological conditions of various cataract patients in pre- and post-operative periods.METHODS: From June 2008 to June 2009, 278 cataract patients had been asked to complete a questionnaire anonymously of their self-evaluation of symptoms scale (SCL) before and after operation. In their pre-operative and post-operative surveys, the results were compared with the norms respectively. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A were age-related cataract patients; while Group B were cataract patients with glaucoma, trauma or metabolic disease.RESULTS: When cataract patients' masculine scores of somatization, depression, anxiety and fear factors before and after the operation rank higher than the norms, the differences had statistical significance(P＜0.05), especially the somatization factor(P＜0.01).While cataract patients with diseases such as glaucoma, trauma or diabetes got higher marks than age-related cataract patients in the aspects of anxiety, somatization, depression (P<0.05), and fear factors, the differences were of statistical significance(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Cataract patients both in pre- and post- and operative periods have somatization behaviors and emotions of depression, anxiety and fear. Cataract patients with glaucoma, trauma or diabetes especially anxiety have more obvious symptoms than age-related cataract patients.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of CD44 on drug resistance of breast cancer patients. METHODS:62 breast cancer patients were selected,and the expression of CD44 was detected by immunohistochemical method. Drug resistance was eval-uated by WHO criteria,and the expression of CD44 in breast tissue was observed after observation. RESULTS:There were 48 pa-tients sensitive to CD44 and 14 patients with drug resistance,with statistical significance(P<0.05). After chemotherapy,the ex-pression of CD44 in caner tissue was higher than before chemotherapy,that of patients with drug resistance was higher than pa-tients sensitive to CD44,with statistical significance(P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:CD44 antigen is closely related to chemothera-py resistance of breast cancer,and high expression of CD44 can be used as an important indicator for breast cancer chemotherapy.

Objective By reviewing the relevant literature, we explored the current status and problems of the evaluation of the training effectiveness, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the effect evaluation of nurse training in China. Methods By searching Citation online search and integration system (CITE), the Chinese biomedical literature service system (CBM), we included the literatures on the effect evaluation of the nurses training in the core journals from January 2006 to November 2015. Retrieval literatures were imported the bibliographic management software Note express by database. The corresponding field were analyzed in the literature′s age distribution, evaluation object, evaluation model, evaluation method, evaluation index and evaluation tool, et al. Results There were 343 literatures had retrieved, the total number of literatures presented a increasing tendency. The evaluation methods, evaluation tools and evaluation indicators presented a tendency of diversity, and the evaluation model was relatively single. Only 16 (4.7%) literatures tried to construct the training effect evaluation system of nurses, which was not based on some theory or hypothesis, which had not been effectively put into practice. Conclusion The effect evaluation system of nurse training needed to be done in depth, such as reconstruction of the new training evaluation model, the establishment of training evaluation system of different professional, different levels, different positions, to research evaluation methods, evaluation criteria and clinical practice testing, to design, training evaluation management software etc.

ASIA Impairment Classification is the standard for spinal cord injury. With or without anal sphincter contraction will tell the degree of injury. Now, many articles have introduced the anal sphincter manometry and electromyogram. We should study whether there is any relationship between the manometry, electromyogram and ASIA.

Objective To explore the changes in plasma nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in children with orthostatic hypertension(OHT) and the relationship with blood pressure changes.Methods The OHT group included 51 children who were diagnosed OHT in in-patient and out-patient departments of Peking University First Hospital from Jun.2012 to Jun.2013.Their age range was (12 ± 2) years.At the same time,control group consisted of 28 normal children who received physical examination with their age range of(12 ± 1) years.The diagnosis of OHT was based on the clinical manifestation and head-up tests.Plasma NO was determined by using a nitrate reductase method and plasma NOS activity by a chemical colorimetric method.Results 1.There were no significant differences between OHT group and control group in age,sex ratio,height,weight and body mass index (all P ＞0.05).2.In OHT children,the upright systolic blood pressure was higher than that of the supine [(114 ± 10) mmHg vs (104 ± 9) mmHg,t =-12.853,P ＜ 0.001],and the upright diastolic blood pressure was higher than that of the supine[(73 ±7) mmHg vs(59 ± 8) mmHg,t =-21.859,P ＜0.001].3.Plasma NO level and NOS activity,however,were significantly lower in OHT group than those in the control group [NO:(28.947 ± 6.031) μmol/L vs (35.216 ±6.662) μmol/L,t =4.257,P ＜ 0.001 ; NOS activity:(14.753 ± 3.060) U/mL vs (17.560 ± 4.253) U/mL,t =3.026,P =0.006].4.There was significantly negative correlation between plasma NO and the upright systolic blood pressure(r =-0.276,P ＜ 0.05) and the systolic blood pressure change (r =-0.280,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Plasma NO level and NOS activity were significantly lower in OHT children than those in control group.The abnormal vascular endothelial function may play an important role in OHT in children.

Objective To observe effects of Kangshuai Yizhi Capsule on ATP in brain tissue and IL-6, TNF-α in serum of aging model rats, and explore the protective effects of the capsule on brain tissue.Methods Totally 72 rats were randomly divided into a normal group and a model group. The subacutely aging model rats were made by injectingD-gal, then aging rats were numbered and grouped by random number table into the model group, Kangshuai Yizhi high-dose group, Kangshuai Yizhi Capsule low-dose group and Naofukang group. All dose groups were received gavage by giving corresponding doses, while normal group and model group were given the same amount of saline everyday. After treated for 60 days, the activity of Na+-K+-ATP and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP in brain tissue, and IL-6, TNF-α in serum were detected.Results Compared with normal group, Na+-K+-ATP and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP were less active (P<0.05), but levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in model group were significantly higher, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Compared with model group, after treated with Kangshuai Yizhi Capsule, Na+-K+-ATP and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP were more active, and IL-6 and TNF-α levels were down-regulated significantly in dose groups, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Meanwhile, Kangshuai Yizhi Capsule high-dose group showed the most obvious effect among dose groups.ConclusionKangshuai Yizhi Capsule has effects of enhancing activity of ATP in brain tissue and reducing level of proinflammatory factors.

AIM:To investigate the alteration of cardiac M3 receptor and its relationship with arrhythmias in various arrhythmic models.METHODS:Forty Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:control,aconitine,BaCl2 and ischemia.In the later three groups,arrhythmias were induced by treatment with aconitine,BaCl2 and coronary artery occlusion,respectively.The arrhythmias were recorded for 1 h.Western blotting was then used to detect M3 receptor contents.RESULTS:Arrhythmias were all induced in each group.In aconitine-induced arrhythmias,duration of arrhythmias and arrhythmia score were significantly increased than those in other two model groups.Western blotting showed that the expression of M3 receptor upregulated 2.3,1.4 and 1.3 folds respectively,more abundant in various arrhythmic groups than that in the normal control.Moreover,M3 receptor expression in aconitine group increased significantly than that in BaCl2 and ischemia group.The arrhythmias and M3 receptor protein expressions in myocytes were positively correlated.CONCLUSION:Arrhythmias upregulate the expression of cardiac M3 receptor.The upregulating levels of M3 receptor proteins diverge strikingly in different arrhythmic models.It is probably that the diversity of increase in M3 receptor is positive related to severity of ventricular arrhythmias.

OBJECTIVETo develop a HPLC for the determination of plasma concentration of glycyrrhetic acid (GA) and study the pharmacokinetics of GA in rats.

METHODTo sample blood from rat which were injected GA by 1.0 mg x kg(-1) at 0.08, 0.17, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 h and use HPLC to determine the concentration of GA in it, the pharmaeokinetie parameters were accessed by DAS 1.0.

RESULTThe calibration curve was linear (r = 0.999 7) within the range of 50-2 000 ng x mL(-1) for GA in plasma. The average recovery was (105.2 +/- 2.23)%, (102.5 +/- 2.95)%, (98.4 +/- 2.32)%. The within-day and between-day derivation (RSD) were less than 4%. GA was fitted to a two compartment open pharmaeokinetie model in rats. The mainly pharmaeokinetie parameters were: t1/2alpha = (0.153 +/- 0.023) h, t1/2beta = (2.365 +/- 0.866) h, C(max) = (2.074 +/- 0.100) mg x L(-1), CL = (0.715 +/- 0.082) L x h(-1) x kg(-1), V(d) = (2.427 +/- 0.872) L x kg(-1), AUC(0-6 h) = (1.302 +/- 0.151) mg x h(-1) x L(-1).

CONCLUSIONThe method can be used to determine the concentration and to investigate the pharmacokinetics of GA in rat. GA was disposed extensively and rapidly in rats.

Objective To investigate the effect of endogenous electric fields on proliferation and migration of epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) in vitro.Methods EpSCs in the first passage were cultured on simulated endogenous electric field.Galvanic stimulation set at an intensity of 0 mV/mm (Group Ⅰ),100 mV/mm (Group Ⅱ) and 200 mV/mm(Group Ⅲ) was given twice a day for 3 days with each time continuing 1 hour and resting 1 hour.Effect of bio-electric field on cell proliferation was measured by direct cell counting in fixed visual field.Repeated experiment but continued stimulation for 3 hours was performed.Live cell migration was monitored to determine the effect of bio-electric field on the process of cell migration.Results For the EpSCs cultured in endogenous bio-electric simulation platform for 24,48 and 72 hours,cell proliferation rate was the highest in Group Ⅲ [(107.4 ±21.9)％,(270.2 ± 71.4) ％,(544.0 ± 95.1) ％] (P ＜ 0.01).And higher cell proliferation was observed in Group Ⅰ [(35.1 ± 21.0) ％,(138.6 ± 31.0) ％,(323.5 ± 23.0) ％] than in Group Ⅱ [(66.9 ±24.2) ％,(192.1 ± 36.2) ％,(406.7 ± 50.7) ％] (P ＜ 0.01).After continued galvanic stimulation for 3 hours,cells in Groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ oriented towards cathode,but cells in Group Ⅰ moved randomly.In measurements of track velocity (Vt),displacement velocity (Vd) and electric field migration rate (Vx),Group Ⅲ revealed increased values[(42.5 ± 2.8),(32.3 ± 1.8),(29.7 ± 1.3) μm/h] as compared with Group Ⅰ [(36.2 ±2.2),(23.6 ±2.9),(18.2 ± 1.8) μm/h] and Group Ⅱ [(34.3 ±1.6),(23.8±l.2),(21.2±l.6)μm/h] (P＜0.01).Conclusion In vitro experiments reveal that endogenous electric fields can promote the proliferation of EpSCs and induce oriented movements towards the cathode.

Objective To evaluate the effect of acupressure on chemotherapy-induced digestive tract reaction of malignant tumor patients.Methods We searched Pubmed,Medline,Embase,AMED,Cochrane Library,Cancerlit and Cinabl,China Biology Medicine disc (CBM),China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),VIP database (VIP)and Wanfang database,the databases were searched from the establishment of the database to March 2014.We identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and of acupressure on chemotherapy-induced digestive tract reaction for malignant tumor patients.Results In total,8 RCT,959 patients were included.Meta-analysis showed that compared with the no implementation of acupressure,acupressure could effectively reduce the frequency,duration and severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea,vomiting and retching.Meanwhile,acupressure could decrease anti-emetic medication dosage,but could not increase quality of life.Conclusions Acupressure can improve the digestive tract reaction of malignant tumor patients,alleviate the suffering of patients.Meanwhile acupressure couldn't increase the medical burden and mental burden of patients.More attention should be paid to the effect of acupressure on baseline level of state anxiety,functional state and more items.