PURPOSE: To analyze the features of optic nerve head drusen (ONHD) observed on the optical coherence tomography (OCT) of pediatric and adolescent patients and to compare the characteristics of diagnosed ONHD pediatric and adolescent patients with the control group. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of pediatric and adolescent patients with nasal elevation or marginal blurring of the optic nerve head on either direct ophthalmoscopic examination or fundus photography. Patients were compared with a control group of the same age who had normal optic nerve heads and no abnormal findings except refractive errors under ophthalmic examination including OCT. RESULTS: There were 29 eyes (n = 16) with ONHD as a subretinal mass-like lesion on OCT among 84 eyes with nasal elevation or marginal blurring of the optic nerve head on OCT. Thirteen patients (18.8%) were diagnosed with ONHD in both eyes. The following 3 groups were compared: group 1, showing nasal elevation or marginal blurring of the optic nerve head on OCT and diagnosed with ONHD; group 2, without ONHD; group 3, normal controls. The spherical equivalent was significantly different among the groups (p < 0.001). Compared with group 3, group 1 showed peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickening of the temporal area; however, there was no difference between groups 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS: Buried ONHD in children and adolescents may be asymptomatic and the diagnosis can be made when a subretinal mass-like lesion is detected on OCT.
Adolescent* ; Child* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Nerve Fibers ; Optic Disk* ; Optic Nerve* ; Photography ; Refractive Errors ; Retinaldehyde ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence*

PURPOSE: To report 2 cases of retinal hemorrhage due to anemia and thrombocytopenia in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. CASE SUMMARY: (Case 1) A 45-year-old female with alcoholic cirrhosis who was treated in the gastroenterology department presented with reduced vision in both eyes. Fundus examination showed multiple preretinal and subretinal hemorrhages with macular involvement in both eyes. Hematological findings revealed severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. One month after the transfusion treatment her visual acuity was improved and retinal hemorrhages resolved. (Case 2) A 47-year-old male presented with painless loss of vision in the left eye 3 days after orthotopic liver transplantation for the treatment of alcoholic cirrhosis. Fundus examination showed preretinal hemorrhages in both eyes with macular involvement in the left eye. During the transplantation, hematological findings revealed severe anemia and thrombocytopenia. Three months after the transfusion treatment his visual acuity was improved and retinal hemorrhages nearly completely resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Hematological abnormalities due to alcoholic cirrhosis can cause retinal hemorrhage. In the present cases the retinal hemorrhages were resorbed and the visual acuity recovered.
Alcoholics* ; Anemia ; Female ; Gastroenterology ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic* ; Liver Transplantation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Hemorrhage* ; Retinaldehyde* ; Thrombocytopenia ; Vision, Low ; Visual Acuity

Patients with C5 or C6 radiculopathy complain of shoulder area pain or shoulder girdle weakness. Typical idiopathic neuralgic amyotrophy (INA) is also characterized by severe shoulder pain, followed by paresis of shoulder girdle muscles. Recent studies have demonstrated that magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) of the brachial plexus and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the shoulder in patients with INA show high signal intensity (HSI) or thickening of the brachial plexus and changes in intramuscular denervation of the shoulder girdle. We evaluated the value of brachial plexus MRN and shoulder MRI in four patients with typical C5 or C6 radiculopathy. HSI of the brachial plexus was noted in all patients and intramuscular changes were observed in two patients who had symptoms over 4 weeks. Our results suggest that HSI or thickening of the brachial plexus and changes in intramuscular denervation of the shoulder girdle on MRN and MRI may not be specific for INA.
Brachial Plexus Neuritis ; Brachial Plexus* ; Denervation ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscles ; Paresis ; Radiculopathy* ; Shoulder ; Shoulder Pain