BACKGROUND: Reperfusion of ischemic myocardium has been postulated to result in a specific oxygen radical mediated tissue injury. Iron may liberate during ischemia and we hypothesized that administration of the iron chelator, deferoxamine during ischemia would result in improved recovery after postischemic reperfusion. PURPOSE: To test whether iron-catalyzed processes contribute to myocardial necrosis during ischemia and reperfusion, deferoxamine was administered to block iron catalyzed hydroxyl radical formation in rabbits. METHODS: Eleven rabbits were divided into two groups: control group (n=5) and deferoxamine pretreatment group (n=6). the left circumflex coronay artery was ligated for 30 minutes and reperfused for 180 minutes. Area at risk (AR) was measured by non-stained area with ethylene blue injection into left atrium after left circumflex coronary artery ligation. Infarct size was measured by weighing after tripheyltetrazolium chloride staining. Heart rate was measured using electrocardiographic recording and systemic blood pressure was monitored by pressure transducer connected to the catheter in the left ventricle. RESULTS: 1. There was no significant difference of heart rate and blood pressure in deferoxamine pretreatment group compared with control group. 2. There was significant decrease of serum iron concentration after continuous infusion of deferoxamine compared with serum iron concentration before ligation of coronary artery (P<0.05). 3. There was no significant difference of area at risk between control and deferoxamine pretreatment group. 4. Area at necrosis to area at risk was significantly reduced in deferoxamine pretreatment group compared with control group (P<0.05) The results suggest that deferoxamine infusion prior to coronary artery occlusion has a significant benefit in reducing infarct size in this model.
Arteries ; Blood Pressure ; Catheters ; Coronary Vessels ; Deferoxamine* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Atria ; Heart Rate ; Heart Ventricles ; Hydroxyl Radical ; Iron ; Ischemia ; Ligation ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Myocardium ; Necrosis ; Oxygen ; Rabbits ; Reperfusion ; Transducers, Pressure

Frictional force between the orthodontic bracket and arch wire during sliding tooth movement is related to many factors, such as the size, shape and material of both the bracket and wire, ligation method and the angle formed between the bracket and wire. There have been clear conclusions drawn in regard to most of these factors, but as to the effect of bracket width on frictional force there are only conflicting studies. This study was designed to investigate the effect of bracket width on the amount of frictional forces generated during clinically simulated tooth movement. Three different widths of brackets (0.018x0.025"standard), narrow (2.40mm), medium (3.00mm) and wide (4.25mm) were used in tandem with 0.016x0.022" stainless steel wire. Three bracket-arch wire combinations were drawn on for 4 minutes on a testing apparatus with a head speed of 0.5mm/min and tested 7 times each. To reproduce biological conditions, dentoalveolar models were designed with indirect technique using a material with similar elastic properties as periodontal ligament (PDL). In addition, to minimize the effect of ligation force, elastomer was used with added resin, which was attached to the bracket to make up for the discrepancies of bracket width. The results were as follows: 1. Maximum frictional force for each bracket-arch wire combination was: Narrow (2.40mm) : 68.09+/-4.69 gmf Medium (3.00mm) : 72.75+/-4.98 gmf Wide (4.25mm) : 72.59+/-4.54 gmf 2. Frictional force was increased with more displacement of wire through the bracket slot. 3. The ANOVA post-hoc test showed that the bracket width had no significant effect on frictional force when tested under clinically simulated conditions (P>0.05)
Elastomers ; Friction* ; Glia Maturation Factor ; Head ; Ligation ; Orthodontic Brackets ; Periodontal Ligament ; Stainless Steel ; Tooth Movement* ; Tooth*

The generally accepted taste pathway in an animal projects ipsilaterally from the solitary nucleus. However, the path-way of gustatory fibers in the human brainstem has not been sufficiently clarified. A 57-year-old hypertensive man was admitted with sudden dizziness and hemiageusia. A neurological examination revealed also a diminution of taste on the left half of his tongue. A MRI showed a high signal intensity in the right lower pontine area. This case suggests that the unilateral lesion of the pons may lead to contralateral taste disturbances.
Ageusia ; Animals ; Brain Stem ; Cerebral Infarction ; Dizziness ; Facial Nerve ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Middle Aged ; Neurologic Examination ; Pons ; Solitary Nucleus ; Tongue

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia(Osler-Rendu-Weber Syndrome) is characterized by telangiectasia of the skin and mucous membranes and intermittent bleeding from vascular abnormalities. About 20% of patients with this is syndrome have pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula is uncommon malformation which has an abnormal connection between the pulmonary capillary bed, in which venous blind in the pulmonary artery is shunted through the fistula into the pulmonary vein without exposure to alveolar oxygen and result in unoxygenated, desaturated systemic arterial blood, polycythemia, cyanosis and clubbing. Death often results from cerebral abscess and rupture of the malformation with massive hemorrhage. Therapeutic intervention is recommended for all symptomatic patients because of the risk of those serious complications. Treatment options include surgery and transcatheter obliteration with steel coils or detachable balloons. Therapeutic embolization has the advantages that multiple bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas can be occluded and also that the procedure can be repeated if necessary. Recently we experienced a case of the multiple bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas associated with telangiectatic change of hepatic artery and multiple angiodysplasia on the gastric mucosa in 41 years old female patient who had mild dyspnea of exertion(NYHA class II), clubbing finger, severe iron deficiency anemia. She was treated with embolization technique using steel coils and iron replacement. After the therapeutic embolization, significant improvement of dyspnea of exertion with disappearance of multiple pulmonary nodule on follow-up simple chest x-ray was noted. During the subsequent six months follow-up period, she bad the improvement of symptoms arid iron deficiency anemia.
Adult ; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency ; Angiodysplasia ; Arteriovenous Fistula* ; Brain Abscess ; Capillaries ; Cyanosis ; Dyspnea ; Embolization, Therapeutic* ; Female ; Fingers ; Fistula ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastric Mucosa ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Iron ; Mucous Membrane ; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules ; Oxygen ; Polycythemia ; Pulmonary Artery ; Pulmonary Veins ; Rupture ; Skin ; Steel ; Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic ; Telangiectasis ; Thorax

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of silodosin 8 mg once daily in a 12-week treatment of subjects with severe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 100 subjects from 10 urology centers in Korea were included in this study. The inclusion criteria were as follows: age > or =50 years, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) > or =20, quality of life (QoL) score > or =3, urine volume > or =120 mL and maximal urinary flow rate (Qmax) <15 mL/s, and postvoid residual volume (PVR) <100 mL. We assessed the improvement of LUTS with change in IPSS, QoL score, Qmax, PVR, and adverse events at baseline and 4 and 12 weeks after treatment with silodosin 8 mg once daily. RESULTS: The IPSS values were 23.27+/-3.34, 15.89+/-6.26, and 13.80+/-6.31 at baseline, 4, and 12 weeks, respectively, with significant improvements (p<0.0001, p=0.0214, respectively). QoL scores were 4.44+/-0.85, 3.38+/-1.20, and 3.04+/-1.20 at baseline, 4, and 12 weeks, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (p<0.0001). There was a significant difference in Qmax between baseline and 12 weeks (p<0.0001) but not in PVR (p=0.9404) during the clinical trial. The most frequent adverse event in this study was ejaculation failure with 13 cases. However, no subject dropped out because of ejaculation failure, and in 12 of the 13 cases it was fully resolved without further treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Silodosin 8 mg once daily may be effective and safe in Korean patients with severe LUTS associated with BPH.
Ejaculation ; Humans ; Korea ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Male ; Prospective Studies* ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Quality of Life ; Residual Volume ; Urology

To evaluate appropriate diagnostic studies for renal infarction in emergency medical center, we analysed 33 patients of renal infarction treated in this hospital for last 8 years. Eleven patients, 4 trauma associated and 7 aortic disease associated patients were excluded. They are 11 males and 11 females with a mean age of 51 years. Fourteen came to the emergency medical center and seven came to the outpatient department, in the other one patient renal infarction was developed during hospitalization with other disease. On their past history they had hypertension in 9, valvular heart disease in 5, and diabetic mellitus in 4 patients. Abdominal or flank pain was noted in 17 of 22(77%). The other symptoms were vomiting, nausea, fever and so on. On microscopic examination of initial urine in hospital, 5 patients showed more than 10 red blood cells by high power field examination. The mean lactic dehydrogenase level was 1,239 I.U/L(normal range 218-4721.UA), while the mean aspartate aminotransferase and mean alanine aminotransferase were 511.U/L(normal range 13-36 I.U/L) and 44 I.U/L(normal range 5-331.U/L). Abdominal ultrasonography showed positive findings in 5 of 16(31%), of which 3 were confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography In 18, computed topography was done and all those showed positive findings of renal infarction(100%). In conclusion, it is important that identify the elevated lactic dehdrogenase level in case of any suspicion about renal infarction and confirm by computed tomography.
Alanine Transaminase ; Aortic Diseases ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Diagnosis* ; Emergencies* ; Erythrocytes ; Female ; Fever ; Flank Pain ; Heart Valve Diseases ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Infarction ; Male ; Nausea ; Outpatients ; Oxidoreductases ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Doppler ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: The end-tidal carbon dioxide tension(ETCO2) is defied as a partial pressure of carbon dioxide at the end of an exhaled breath.)he purpose of this study is to determine the correlation between ETCO2 and arterial carbon dioxide tension(PaO2) in nonintubated abated patients with respiratory distress in emergency department(ED). METHODS: A prospective non-blind study was performed in ED of our university hospitals. Participants included all nonintubated adult patients with respiratory distress requiring arterial blood gas analysis. ETCO2 was measured with a capnography monitor during tidal volume breathing. ETCO2 were recoreded at the time of arterial blood gas sampling. The correlation between ETCO2 and PaCO2 was analysed in all patients and in subgroups by simple linear regression. RESULTS: Sixty patients were enrolled. In all patients, ETCO2 was 5.72mmHg lower than PaCO2 and correlated well with PaCO 2(r2=0.716). ETCO2 correlated best with PaCO2) in patients who were either acidotic or non-smoking. CONCLUSION: ETCO2 correlate well with PaCO2 in nonintubated patients with respiratory distress in ED. ETCO2 may be sufficient to reflect PaCO2 in selected patients and obviate the need far repeat arterial blood gas determination.
Adult ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Capnography ; Carbon Dioxide ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Partial Pressure ; Prospective Studies ; Respiration ; Tidal Volume

OBJECTIVE: To investigate patterns of serial serum interleukin-6(IL-6) concentrations after initial successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and to access differences in serum IL16 concentrations in patients with Cerebral Performance Category(CPC, 1-2) and CPC(3-5) at the 5th day after cardiacpulmonary resuscitation(CPR). METHODS: We studied prospectively 12 patients with spontaneous circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Venous blood samples were taken 2,4,12,24,48 and 72 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation to measure serum IL-6 levels by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Serum IL-6 concentrations in the severe neurologically disabled group(CPC, 3-5) were significantly increased at 2, 24 and 48 hours after restoration of spontaneous circulation compared with the less neurolgically disabled group. Also, serum IL-6 concentrations in the severe neurologic disabled group showed dual peak at 4 and 24 hours. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates significant incense of seam IL-6 in patients with CPC(3-5) after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation and the significant correlation between early increase of serum IL-6 and poor neurologic outcome. It suggests that early increase of serum IL-6 can be used as a prognostic marker after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Interleukin-16 ; Interleukin-6* ; Prospective Studies

It has been hypothesized that jobs that have both high psychological demands and low decision latitude ('job strain") can lead to musculoskeletal disorder. The objective of this study was to test whether job strain was correlated with the presence of work-related musculoskeletal disorder, especially myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). Information on demographic factors, confounders such as household load and taking care of children or not, and scores for decision latitude, job demand, and social support was obtained by self-administered questionnaire, which had been developed in Korean language, by adopting NIOSH instrument and Extended Karasek Model (16 items). All subjects were also examined by rehabilitation medicine specialists for musculoskeletal disorders. Subjects (n=370) could be categorized into 4 groups, these were, housewives(n=89), shipyard CAD workers(n=89), general female workers(n=79; nurses, insurance counselors, public officials, clerks, etc), and telephone directory assistance operators(n=113). Results from univariate analyses indicated that all demographic factors, all confounders, scores for decision latitude and social support were not associated with the risk of musculoskeletal disorder. However, score for job demand was higher in musculoskeletal disorder cases than others. In subgroup analysis, this association was convinced again, in telephone directory assistance operators. Job strain model showed that the group of telephone directory assistance operators was high-strain group, and OR of musculoskeletal disorder was 2.446 (95% C.I. : 1.174, 5.096), when comparing this with the low strain group. In conclusion, job strain is a risk factor for work-related musculoskeletal disorder.
Child ; Counseling ; Demography ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Insurance ; Myofascial Pain Syndromes ; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.) ; Questionnaires ; Rehabilitation ; Risk Factors ; Specialization ; Telephone

To evaluate the anabolic effects of human recombinant parathyroid hormone [hrPTH(1-84)], we examined effect of low-dose and high-dose of [hrPTH(1-84)] and estradiol on bone histomorphometry in ovariectomized rats. Sixty Sprague-Dawley female rats aged 8~10 weeks were used. Eight weeks after ovariectomy, or sham operation, rats were given daily sc injection of hrPTH (1-84), 30 pg/kg (OVX+L group), 150 pg/kg (OVX+H group), 17-estradiol (30 pg/kg, OVX+E group) or vehicle (OVX+V group) for 4 weeks. After double tetracycline labeling, all rats were killed at day 84. We completed the histomorphometric analysis of distal femoral metaphyseal cancellous bone for trabecular bone volume (TBV), mean trabecular plate thickness (MTPT), mean trabecular plate density (MTPD), mean trabecular plate separation (MTPS), mean osteoid seam width (OSW) and appositional rate (AR). The histomorphometric parameters (TBV, MTPT, OSW and AR) of trabecular bone mass in (OVX+E) group were higher than those in (OVX+V) group. The TBV of trabecular bone in PTH treated groups were higher than that in sham operated, (OVX+V) and (OVX+E) group. The histomorphometric parameters (TBV, MTPD, OSW and AR) of trabecular bone mass in (OVX+H) group showed a tendency to be higher than those in (OVX+L) group, but statistically not significant. In conclusion, Low dose (30 mg/kg) hrPTH (1-84) also shows a sufficient anabolic effect on trabecular bone.
Anabolic Agents* ; Animals ; Estradiol ; Female ; Humans* ; Ovariectomy ; Parathyroid Hormone* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tetracycline