AIM: To evaluate the clinical effects of modified hydroxyapatite implant in scleral shell.
METHODS: Thirty - four cases were performed eye evisceration, autogenous sclera shell anterior and posterior petaloid shape with posterior sclera fenestration, hydroxyapatite artificial eyeballs were implanted at stage I, and conjunctival wound, orbital activity and other complications were observed after surgery.
RESULTS:The follow-up was 6 ~12mo. There was no patients with implant exposure, sclera dissolution, conjunctival wound dehiscence, conjunctival sac constriction noted. All the patients got good activity of artificial globe, and the active range of side motion of the HA was 10o ~15o. The artificial eyes looked symmetrical, and the eyes socket were full.
CONCLUSION: The modified hydroxyapatite implant in scleral shell can maintain the normal anatomy of the orbital tissue, and also can get full eyes socket and good activity, It was an easy and simple surgery which could obtain satisfactory clinical effect and less complications.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on patients with sleep bruxism (SB). Twelve patients with SB were included in an open, single-intervention pilot study. rTMS at 1 Hz and an intensity of 80% of the active motor threshold was applied to the ‘hot spot’ of the masseter muscle representation at the primary motor cortex bilaterally for 20 min per side each day for 5 consecutive days. The jaw-closing muscle electromyographic (EMG) activity during sleep was recorded with a portable EMG recorder at baseline, during rTMS treatment and at follow-up for 5 days. In addition, patients scored their jaw-closing muscle soreness on a 0–10 numerical rating scale (NRS). Data were analysed with analysis of variance. The intensity of the EMG activity was suppressed during and after rTMS compared to the baseline (P 5 0.04; P 5 0.02, respectively). The NRS score of soreness decreased significantly during and after rTMS compared with baseline (P,0.01). These findings indicated a significant inhibition of jaw-closing muscle activity during sleep along with a decrease of muscle soreness. This pilot study raises the possibility of therapeutic benefits from rTMS in patients with bruxism and calls for further and more controlled studies.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the birth information of newborn infants from obstetric departments in the Central South Region of China.

METHODSA retrospective investigation was carried out in 15582 newborns from obstetric departments of 23 hospitals in the Central South Region of China between January 1 and December 31 of 2005.

RESULTSThe sex ratio (male/female) of neonates was 1.16∶1. The proportion of preterm infants was 8.11%. The very low birth weight infants accounted for 0.73%. The neonates born by spontaneous labor accounted for 57.52%. Cesarean sections accounted for 40.82% (social factor of cesarean section: 29.91%). The incidence of neonatal asphyxia was 3.78%, in which 0.75% of the cases were severe asphyxia. The mortality of newborn infants was 0.55%, in which the mortality of preterm infants was 5.56%.

CONCLUSIONSThe proportion of preterm infants and the incidence of neonatal asphyxia is high in the Central South Region of China. The proportion of births delivered by cesarean section is high, and social factors are probably responsible for the high rate.

Asphyxia Neonatorum ; epidemiology ; Cesarean Section ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo clarify the dose-response relationship between asbestos dust exposure and lung cancer incidence in chrysotile asbestos miners by fixed cohort study and to investigate the incidence rates of lung cancer in exposure to different concentrations of asbestos dust.

METHODSA retrospective cohort study was conducted in 1932 asbestos miners who registered from January 1, 1981 to December 31, 1988, had worked for at least 1 year, and had no obvious cardiopulmonary diseases; the cohort study began in July 2009 and covered a time span of 29 years (1981 - 2009). The personal information, occupational history, disease history, and health data of these miners were recorded, and the monitoring data on dust concentrations in the mine over the years were collected. The dose-response relationship between asbestos dust concentration and lung cancer incidence was established by the method of life table; a regression equation was fitted to predict the excess incidence rates of lung cancer under the conditions of different working years and dust concentrations.

RESULTSA significant dose-response relationship was observed between cumulative exposure (Ce) and cumulative probability (Px) of lung cancer incidence, and the smokers hada higher Px than nonsmokers. When Ce was less than 2000 mg/m(3)·each year, Px reached 6.58/10000; when Ce was not less than 2000 mg/m(3)·and less than 3000 mg/m(3)·each year, Px reached 91.72/10000; when Ce was more than 5000 mg/m(3)·each year, Px was as high as 141.02/10000. The three models were fitted to obtain the optimal regression equation: Px = -0.0004Ce(2) + 0.0052Ce - 0.0011 (r(2) = 0.9387). In the workshop of asbestos mine in this study, the average dust concentration was 85 times higher than the limit in 2009, so the excess incidence rate of lung cancer was 112.598/10000 if the miners worked under this condition for 40 years, according to the equation.

CONCLUSIONThere is a significant dose-response relationship between cumulative asbestos exposure and lung cancer incidence in chrysotile asbestos miners. The risk for lung cancer rises as asbestos exposure increases.

Asbestos, Serpentine ; toxicity ; Dust ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; etiology ; Male ; Mining ; Occupational Exposure ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To explore expression of the glycoprotein in early myocardial ischemic. METHODS: The glycoprotein changes occurred at the early acute cardiac ischemic area induced experimentally by ligation of left coronary artery of 32 SD rats. 6 lectins were measured by means of immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: Positive staining of PNA could be observed in ischemic area at 5 min after ischemia, and the positive area increased with the prolongation of ischemic period. It became the strongest for 2 h and then decreased. CONCLUSION This experiment proved that myocardial cell membrane in ischemia expressed D-galactose. This may be of some value in forensic medicine practice.
Animals ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis* ; Myocardial Ischemia/metabolism* ; Myocardium/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo study the epidemiology of births in urban China.

METHODSA retrospective study was conducted on neonates born in 2005 in the maternity departments of 72 urban hospitals from 22 provinces in China.

RESULTSA total of 45722 infants born between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2005 were enrolled. The male to female sex ratio was 1.13:1. Preterm births accounted for 8.1%. The incidence of very low birth weight infants was 0.7%. A total of 99.7% of mothers delivering at term had conceived naturally and 0.3% had experienced assisted reproduction. A total of 98.4% of mothers who delivered preterm had conceived naturally and 1.6% had experienced assisted reproduction. The proportion of vaginal deliveries was 50.8% compared to 49.2% delivered by cesarean sections. Many cesarean sections (38.1%) were due to social factors. Infants with an Apgar score≤7 at 1 minute accounted for 4.8%, and 1.6% of infants had an Apgar score≤7 at 5 minutes. Of all the infants included in the study, 7.14% were admitted to neonatal units for treatment. The death rate of all included infants was 0.74%.

CONCLUSIONSThe proportion of preterm births was higher in 2005 than in 2002-2003. The proportion of cesarean section deliveries was much higher in urban China than in most other Asian countries and America.

Asphyxia Neonatorum ; epidemiology ; Cesarean Section ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Humans ; Infant Mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Premature Birth ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo examine the analgesic effect of calpain inhibitor ALLN on the zymosan-induced paw inflammatory pain and its effect on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in the spinal dorsal horn.

METHODSForty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into three groups: control group, sham-operated group, and zymosan group. According to Meller's method, zymosan (1.25 mg) was injected intraplantarly to induce paw inflammation in zymosan group; an equal volume of PBS was administered in the sham-operated group. Mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and maximum thickness of paw were tested or measured before and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after injection. All rats were killed at different occasions following surgery to examine calpain activity in the spinal dorsal horn with Western blot analysis. Another sixty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham-operated group, zymosan-induced paw inflammation with intraperitoneal dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) treatment group, and zymosan-induced paw inflammation with intraperitoneal calpain inhibitor ALLN treatment group. MWT and maximum thickness of paw were tested or measured before and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after injection. All rats were killed at different occasions following surgery to examine the COX-2 expression in the spinal dorsal horn with Western blot analysis.

RESULTSMWT significantly decreased in the rats with zymosan-induced paw inflammation, while the maximum thickness of paw significantly increased, compared with control and sham-operated rats (P < 0.05). Calpain in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn was dramatically activated after zymosan injection (P < 0.01). Intraperitoneal ALLN injection significantly increased zymosan-induced MWT and decreased paw edema at the same time points after zymosan injection compared with DMSO treatment group (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, calpain inhibitor ALLN treatment significantly decreased the COX-2 expression in the spinal dorsal horn compared with DMSO treatment (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAdministration of calpain inhibitor ALLN is effective to attenuate zymosan-induced paw inflammatory pain. Calpain activation may be one aspect of the signaling cascade that increases the COX-2 expression in the spinal cord and contributes to mechanical hyperalgesia after peripheral inflammatory injury.

Analgesics ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glycoproteins ; pharmacology ; Male ; Pain ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Posterior Horn Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Zymosan ; adverse effects

Objective To investigate the changes of cognitive impairment and its correlated factors in patients with first acute cerebral ischemic stroke.Methods Five hundred and sixty-eighty patients,admitted to our hospital from July 2010 to June 2011 and met the diagnostic criteria of first acute cerebral ischemic stroke,were chosen in our study; neuropsychological evaluation was conducted within 1 week of acute cerebral ischemic stroke.The comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation battery included mini-mental state examination (MMSE),Digit span,Mattis dementia scale,Rey complex figure test,stroop test,World Health Organization and University of California-Los Angeles auditory verbal learning test,semantic category verbal fluency test and clock drawing test,which contained tests for memory,attention,executive function,information processing capability,visuospatial and visuo constructive functions.Gender,age,histories of hypertension and smoking,and levels of blood pressure,random blood glucose,fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose,cholesterin,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein-C (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-C (HDL-C) were noted and the relations between cognitive function and both blood sugar and blood lipid levels were analyzed.Results (1) The abnormal rates of these patients in MMSE,Mattis dementia scale,attention deficit disorder,immediate logical memory disorder,delayed logical memory disorder,instant auditory memory disorder,delayed auditory memory disorder,visual memory disorder,executive function disorder,information processing disorder,and visuospatial and visuo constructive disorder were 78.2％,72.5％,26.5％,56.3％,60.9％,74.6％,98.2％,83.8％,62.7％,4.9％ and 77.7％,respectively.In patients with different blood glucose levels,significant differences were found on scores of MMSE,Mattis dementia scale,attention scale (P＜ 0.05); furthermore,the scores ofMMSE,Mattis dementia scale,attention scale in patients with impaired fasting glucose were obviously lower as compared with those in other groups (P＜0.05).The scale of above cognitive domains showed no significant difference in patients with different types of hyperlipidemias (P＞0.05); the scores of execution ability and visual space structure capability in patients with HDL-C were higher than those in normal density lipoprotein-C and LDL-C (P＜0.05),and the higher level of density lipoprotein-C,the higher scores of visual space structure capability (P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis found that the total MMSE scores were associated with gender,age,and levels of fasting blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose; the independent risk factors of executive function were gender,age and HDL-C level; the ability of memory was correlated with age and HDL-C level.Visuospatial and visuo constructive function was associated with gender,age and mRS scores; the information processing ability was only correlated with HDL-C level.Conclusion In patients with acute cerebral ischemic stroke,the cognitive impairment is extensive and severe,with a prevalence of about 75％,mainly having disorders in memory,executive ability,spatial structure; glucose levels,especially impaired fasting glucose level show most obvious influence in cognitive impairment;HDL-C level helps keep normal cognitive function; age,gender,HDL-C level are the most important factors of cognitive function.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Qingikailing and Shengmai injection alone or combined on the acute lung injury (AL) induced by oleic acid in rabbits.

METHODThe rabbits were randomly divided into 11 groups: oleic acid group; control group; treatment groups including low, middle and high dosage groups of Qingkailing and Shengmai injection alone and combined, respectively. ALI model was established by iv oleic acid (0.05 mL x kg(-1)) in these groups, and then iv above drugs respectively,while in control group, the same volume of normal saline was given. The respiratory amplitude and rate were observed, and blood samples were taken from cervical artery for blood-gas analysis before and at 30, 60, 120 min after oleic acid or normal saline administration. At the end of experiment, the concentration of LDH, CAT and MDA in the lung tissue were measured and pathologic changes of lung tissue were observed microscopically.

RESULTCompared with oleic acid group, the respiratory amplitude markedly enhanced (P < 0.05) in the low and high dose groups of Qingkailing and Shengmai injection. PaO2 increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the low dose group of combined Qingkailing and Shengmai injection, PaCO2 decreased markedly (P < 0.05) in the low dose groups of Qingkailing and Shengmai injection alone and combined. The level of MDA significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the each group of Qingkailing and Shengmai injection alone, the level of MDA significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and CAT increased (P < 0.05) in the low dose group of combined Qingkailing with Shengmai injection. The low dose group of combined Qingkailing and Shengmai injection can alleviate the pathological changes induced by oleic acid.

CONCLUSIONThe curative effect of the low dose group of combined Qingkailing with Shengmai injection for the ALI induced by oleic acid was better than Qingkailing and Shengmai injection alone at the same dosage.

Animals ; Carbon Dioxide ; blood ; Catalase ; blood ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Lung ; pathology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; Oleic Acid ; Oxygen ; blood ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Respiration ; drug effects ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; blood ; chemically induced ; pathology ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Qingkailing and Methylprednisolone (MP) injection alone or combined on the acute lung injury (ALI) induced by oleic acid in rabbits.

METHODThe rabbits were randomly divided into 11 groups: oleic acid group; control group; treatment groups including low, middle and high dosage groups of Qingkailing and MP alone and combined, respectively. ALI model was established by i.v. oleic acid (0.05 mL x kg(-1)) in these groups, and then i.v. above drugs respectively, while in control group, the same volume of normal saline was given. The respiratory amplitude and rate were observed, and blood samples were taken from cervical artery for blood-gas analysis before and at 30, 60, 120 min after oleic acid or normal saline administration. At the end of experiment, the concentration of LDH, CAT and MDA in the lung tissue were measured and pathologic changes of lung tissue were observed microscopically.

RESULTCompared with oleic acid group, the respiratory amplitude markedly enhanced (P < 0.05) and respiratory rate lowered (P < 0.05) in the low, middle and high dose groups of Qingkailing and MP injection. On the 30 min of treatment, PaO2 increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the low and middle dose groups of combined Qingkailing and MP injection; PaCO2 decreased markedly (P < 0.05) on the 120 min of treatment in each treatment group. The level of LDH significantly increased (P < 0.05), CAT and MDA decreased (P < 0.05) in the middle and high groups of Qingkailing and MP injection. The low and middle dose groups of combined Qingkailing and MP injection can alleviate the pathological changes induced by oleic acid.

CONCLUSIONThe curative effect of the low dose group of combined Qingkailing and MP for the ALI induced by oleic acid was better than Qingkailing and MP alone, while the big dose groups of Qingkailing and MP alone better than the combination at the same dosage.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; therapeutic use ; Blood Gas Analysis ; methods ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; therapeutic use ; Oleic Acid ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Respiratory Function Tests