OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare the conception toward mental illness out of protestant pastors and preachers in the Hospital and Church. METHODS: The sample in this study consisted of 95 pastors and 53 preachers. The data were collected through a mail questionnaire survey using the questionnaire of Jin-Wook Sohn and Bou-Yong Rhi(1983). Statistics employed for the analysis were the Chi-square test. RESULTS: 1) The hospital pastors/preachers had demonological orientation significantly less than the church pastors/preachers in explaining the mental breakdown during and/or after the revival service. In this case, the hospital pastors/preachers chose psychiatric treatment as a treatment mode significantly more than those in the church. 2) The hospital pastors/preachers chose psychiatrist as a curer of demon possession significantly more than those in the church. 3) The pastors/preachers in hospitals with department of psychiatry chose psychological treatment significantly more than those in the church and In the hospital without department of psychiatry as a treatment mode of mental illness. 4) In the case of a family member of hospital pastors/preachers having mental illness, the hospital pastors/preachers would choose psychiatric treatment as a treatment mode significantly more than those in the church. CONCLUSION: The results from this study suggest that the role of psychiatrists might be very instrumental to pastors and preachers in being able to become aware of correct conceptions toward mental illness. Furthermore, the pastors/preachers working in the hospital would be more proper and moderate objects than those working in the church.
Faith Healing ; Fertilization* ; Humans ; Postal Service ; Protestantism* ; Psychiatry ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: We reviewed the operative outcome and the cause of failure for performing subureteral injection of polydimethylsiloxane (PDS, Macroplastique(R), Uroplasty Inc. Geleen, The Netherlands), when it is used as a bulking agent for the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 29 patients (a total of 37 ureters), with primary grades I to V VUR were treated with a single subureteral injection from 2001 to 2004; these patients were followed for an average of 21.5 months. Each patient underwent preoperative voiding cystourethrography, renal ultrasound, a dimercapto-succinic acid (DMSA) scan and urine culture. With the patient under general anesthesia, the PDS implant was injected transurethrally at the 6 o'clock position of the ureteral opening in the affected renal unit by a modified subureteral transurethral injection (STING) procedure. Renal ultrasound was done at 1 week and voiding cystourethrography was done at 3 months to rule out obstruction at the injection site and/or persistent reflux, respectively. Cure was defined as an absence of VUR on voiding cystourethrography at 3 months after injection. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: The grade of reflux was I, II, III, IV and V in 6, 4, 12, 9 and 6 ureteral units respectively. After a single injection, the VUR was cured in 30 ureteral units (81.1%). There were 7 (18.9%) patients who received a second injection after a failed single injection. In these patients, the injected PDS volume was not changed on ultrasound. On the other hand, cystoscopy showed mound displacement in 4 patients, no volcano appearance but rather a broad elevation in 2 patient, and distal ureteral fistula and mound extrusion in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that endoscopic subureteral polydimethylsiloxane injection is an effective treatment of VUR. The efficacy of subureteral injection can be improved by using the correct injection technique.
Anesthesia, General ; Cystoscopy ; Fistula ; Hand ; Humans ; Ultrasonography ; Ureter ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

Motor paralysis is a less common neurologic complication of herpes zoster. Until now, a few cases have been reported, and most of these cases showed brachial plexopathy involving one or two segments. We report a patient with pain and weakness on upper extremity diagnosed as brachial plexopathy after herpes zoster infection. An 88-year-old female patient complained not only tingling sense, pain, and swelling on right whole arm, but also weakness on this right upper extremity. On physical examination, weakness is seen in right shoulder abductionㆍshoulder flexionㆍelbow flexionㆍelbow extensionㆍ wrist extension (grade 4), finger flexionㆍfinger abductionㆍfinger extensionㆍfinger DIP flexion (grade 3). In electrodiagnostic study and magnetic resonance imaging study, she was diagnosed as the brachial plexopathy, whole branch involved. This is the only case of post-herpetic brachial plexopathy involving whole branch in domestic.

Motor paralysis is a less common neurologic complication of herpes zoster. Until now, a few cases have been reported, and most of these cases showed brachial plexopathy involving one or two segments. We report a patient with pain and weakness on upper extremity diagnosed as brachial plexopathy after herpes zoster infection. An 88-year-old female patient complained not only tingling sense, pain, and swelling on right whole arm, but also weakness on this right upper extremity. On physical examination, weakness is seen in right shoulder abductionㆍshoulder flexionㆍelbow flexionㆍelbow extensionㆍ wrist extension (grade 4), finger flexionㆍfinger abductionㆍfinger extensionㆍfinger DIP flexion (grade 3). In electrodiagnostic study and magnetic resonance imaging study, she was diagnosed as the brachial plexopathy, whole branch involved. This is the only case of post-herpetic brachial plexopathy involving whole branch in domestic.

PURPOSE: The Female Sexual Distress Scale(FSDS) was developed to measure sexually-related personal distress in women. We performed this study to assess the reliability and validity of FSDS-Korean version in Korean women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The original 20-item FSDS was translated into Korean. One-hundred four healthy, married women were recruited and given the survey. A second survey was done two weeks later for test-retest reliability. Validity, internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability were evaluated. RESULTS: The test-retest coefficient of stability over a 2-week period was 0.99(p<0.01). The 20 items of the FSDS have good internal consistency, with an alpha of 0.96. The FSDS discriminated between women with and without sexually related distress(t=-7.34, p<0.01). The optimal cut-off score was 20(sensitivity 71.4%, specificity 92.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The Korean version of FSDS might be a useful tool to screen for sexually distressed women in Korea.
Female* ; Humans ; Korea ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Sensitivity and Specificity

No abstract available.
Humans ; Paraquat* ; Poisoning*

Left ventricular-right atrial shunt is a relatively uncommon defect, which permits as communication between the left ventricle and right atrium. This paper is fifth case report in our country. This patient was noted to have congenital heart disease in two years old. The pathology of this lesion was classified into four types by Perry. The type C is compatible with this case. The first successful surgical correction was made by Kirby in 1957. The pathology of this lesion was classified into four types by Perry. The type C is compatible with this case. The first successful surgical correction was made by Kirby in 1957. In 12 years old boy, we have experienced a case of left ventricular-right atrial shunt. In selective left ventricular angiocardiography, we found opacification to right atrium and main pulmonary artery simultaneously, and also opacified right ventricle later. Operation was performed during cardiopulmonary bypass. We opened right atrium and found out a defect just below the annulus of the tricuspid valve. The defect measuring 6mm in diameter communicate the left ventricle with right atrium through a segment of the septal leaflet fused to the margins of the septal defect. In the tricuspid valve, a cleft, 4mm in length and a isolated perforation(2mm in diameter) were found in the septal leaflet. Associated cardiac anomaly was a non-functioning patent foramen ovale. The recovery was uneventful and discharged healthily on fourteenth day after operation.
Angiocardiography ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Child ; Foramen Ovale, Patent ; Heart Atria ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Male ; Pathology ; Pulmonary Artery ; Tricuspid Valve

Most bladder diverticula are associated with a neurogenic bladder or obstructive condition, but a congenital diverticulum is believed to be a congenital failure of normal muscular development. Often solitary and large congenital bladder diverticulum leads to various complications, including recurrent urinary tract infection, vesicoureteral reflux, stone formation, and incontinence. A diverticulectomy, with ureteral reimplantation, is recommended in Hutch's diverticula, as they are usually accompanied with reflux that does not spontaneously subside. We experienced a case of bilateral Hutch's diverticula, without vesicoureteral reflux, in a 15-month-old boy. This patient was successfully treated using only a bilateral diverticulectomy.
Diverticulum* ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Muscle Development ; Replantation ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract* ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux

PURPOSE: A medical disaster assistance team from our hospital was sent to the Haiti earthquake for 7 days of medical support. METHODS: We analyzed the characteristics of patients who visited our field clinic at the scene during the subacute period after the disaster. RESULTS: We treated 120 patients over 4 days, including two patients during the preparatory period. Most patients had visited a clinic in the second half of the period. Internal medicine and pediatrics were associated with the chief complaints of most patients. Acute tonsillitis had the largest number of patients(24.6%), followed by skin infections (9.2%), contusions and sprains(8.4%), and gastric ulcers (8.4%). Most of the medications were for conservative management(68.3%). CONCLUSION: During the subacute period after the earthquake, most patients had secondary injuries, such as wound complications and complications from air and water pollution, rather than direct injuries from the earthquake. We recommend that more medical preparation than surgical preparation is required during subacute periods after an earthquake.
Contusions ; Disasters ; Earthquakes ; Haiti ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Medical Assistance ; Palatine Tonsil ; Pediatrics ; Skin ; Stomach Ulcer ; Tonsillitis ; Water Pollution

PURPOSE: Antagonists of alpha1-adrenergic receptors (alpha1ARs) relax prostate smooth muscle and relieve voiding and storage symptoms. Recently, increased expression of alpha1ARs with change of its subtype expression has been proved in bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). To search for the evidence of changes in alpha1ARs subtype expression and activity in the peripheral and spinal routes, the effects of spinal and peripheral administration of tamsulosin (an alpha1A/D-selective AR), naftopidil (an alpha1A/D-selective AR), and doxazosin (non-selective AR) on bladder activity were investigated in a rat model with or without BOO. METHODS: A total of 65 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the BOO surgery group (n=47) and the sham surgery group (n=18). After 6 weeks, cystometry was assessed before and after intrathecal and intra-arterial administrations of tamsulosin, naftopidil, and doxazosin. RESULTS: After intra-arterial administrations of all three drugs, bladder capacity (BC) was increased and maximal intravesical pressure (Pmax) was decreased in both BOO and the sham rat models (P<0.05). After intrathecal administration of all three drugs, BC was increased and Pmax was decreased in only the BOO group. The episodes of involuntary contraction in the BOO rat models were decreased by intra-arterial administration (P=0.031). The increase of BC after intrathercal and intra-arterial administrations of alpha1ARs was significantly greater in the BOO group than in the sham group (P=0.023, P=0.041). In the BOO group, the increase of BC and decrease in Pmax were greater by intra-arterial administration than by intrathecal administration (P=0.035). There were no significant differences of the degrees of changes in the cystometric parameters among the three different alpha1ARs. CONCLUSIONS: Up-regulations of the alpha1ARs in BOO were observed by the greater increases of BC after alpha1AR antagonist administrations in the BOO group than in the sham group. However, there were no subtype differences of the alpha1ARs in functional parameters of bladder activity. In addition, alpha1ARs also act on the lumbosacral cord which implies that the sensitivity of alpha1ARs is increased in pathologic models such as BOO. Further evaluation including differential expression of alpha1ARs in BOO models are need.
Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists ; Animals ; Contracts ; Doxazosin ; Female ; Humans ; Muscle, Smooth ; Naphthalenes ; Piperazines ; Prostate ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Salicylamides ; Sulfonamides ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction