PURPOSE: This study was design and performed for evaluations of resent clinical pattern of bronchiolitis caused by RSV infection with children under 2 year of age for 5 years, who were admitted to pediatric ward. METHODS: The inclusion criteria of the patients were children under 24 month-of-age, clinical manifestations of lower respiratory tract infection, and RSV antigen that was detected by a direct immunofluorescence test from the nasal secretions. The additional laboratory and simple chest X-ray findings were reviewed from the medical records of children who were admitted Wonkwang university hospital from Jan. 1999 to Dec. 2003. RESULTS: In the 5 year study duration, 127 patients were enrolled and outbreak of RSV bronchiolitis took place in 2001. The 80 cases(63 percent) of RSV infection were concentrated in later autumn and winter. Number of the cases show coughing were 120(94.5 percent), but rale was audible in 78 cases(61.4 percent). Dyspnea, wheezing, and intercostal retraction were noticed in 27(21.3 percent), 21(16.5 percent), and 4(3 percent) cases respectively. The most common chest X-ray finding was hyperinflation of the lung that was noticed in 110 cases(86.6 percent). Care with mechanical ventilator for more than 2 days required in 5 cases. CONCLUSION: Lower respiratory tract infection by RSV was common in late autumn and winter season but year-round infection was noticed. The severity of RSV respiratory tract infectiontakes in some degree a grave course. So we suggest that population-based surveillance of acute respiratory infection due to RSV is necessary for assessment of prevalence and epidemiology of this disease.
Bronchiolitis ; Child* ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Epidemiology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Humans ; Lung ; Medical Records ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Sounds ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses* ; Respiratory System* ; Respiratory Tract Infections* ; Seasons ; Thorax ; Ventilators, Mechanical

PURPOSE: To investigate synergistic effect of local cryoablation with systemic immunotherapy, the tumor control ability and immunologic responses of combining these two modalities was compared with that of cryoablation, surgical excision, and immunotherapy only group in a tumor re-challenge model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preliminary experiments were performed in two stages. The first stage consisted of 36 Balb/c mice with Renca bearing tumors imbedded in the right thigh, and was treated with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-alpha(IFN-alpha) to evaluate the efficacy of immunotherapy and to determine the adequate dosage. The second stage was performed on 10 mice, to evaluate histological changes and efficacy after cryoablation. The main experiment was performed on 48 mice, divided into 6 groups of control with tumor implantation, excision of tumor, excision combined with immunotherapy, cryoablation of tumor, cryoablation with immunotherapy and control without tumor. After treatment, tumor re-challenge was performed with Renca cell, then the growth pattern was evaluated with physical measurements, and immune response was investigated with fluorescent activated cell sorter and cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS: Preliminary studies on immunologic efficacy revealed that IL-2 and IFN-alpha have a dose dependent inhibition of tumor growth. The main experiment evaluating the efficacy of combination treatment revealed that cryoablation with immunotherapy proved to be most effective in terms of tumor recurrence and tumor growth inhibition, yet the difference was not statistically significant from monotherapy with cryoablation. However, cytotoxicity was significantly increased cryoablation with immunotherapy compared with other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Cryoablation on tumor re-challenge mice model showed advantages with immunotherapy most prominently in cytotoxicity.
Mice ; Animals

Esophageal diverticulum is a disease that occurs mainly in adults. According to its location, it is named as pharyngoesophageal, paratracheal and epiphrenic diverticulum. Epiphrenic diverticulum is especially accompanied with esophageal leiomyoma sometimes. In this case. esophageal leiomyoma is combined with suhphrenic diverticulum. The authors present the case with review of literature. The diagnosis of subphrenic diverticulum was confirmed by esophagogastroscopy with biopsy, esophagogram and abdominal CT. Postoperative findings showed it to be accompanied with esophageal leiomyoma.
Adult ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Diverticulum ; Diverticulum, Esophageal* ; Humans ; Leiomyoma* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Since 2001, the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Korea has designated muscular dystrophy (MD) to be a rare and intractable disease, and has ensured that patients with this condition obtain support from the National Health Insurance Corporation for their medical expenditure. However, the health-related and socioeconomic status of Korean patients with MD has yet to be established. METHODS: We selected 441 patients with MD who received medical services at 17 neuromuscular centers during 2005. The medical records of selected patients were analyzed, and the subtype of MD was classified by its clinical course and diagnostic tests. A total of 95 patients or their family members participated in this health-related and socioeconomic status survey. RESULTS: Medical record analysis showed similar clinical and diagnostic characteristic data to those published previously in other countries: male predominance, being young at onset, and muscular weakness of the extremities as a predominant symptom in most patients. The diagnostic tests for MD were based on laboratory and electrophysiological studies. The most frequent form of MD among our cohort was Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (42%). Our survey revealed the effect of the patients' profound disability on their activities of daily living. One-half of the patients were dissatisfied with the medical expenditure support service that was made available to them, and most patients suffered from a financial burden. The most important medical services to be developed in the future are expansion of the public health service or development of a rehabilitation hospital. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first multicenter-based epidemiologic study on the health-related and socioeconomic status of patients with MD in Korea. The findings indicate that medical coverage and public health service are currently inadequate and hence should be expanded in the future.
Activities of Daily Living ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Extremities ; Health Expenditures ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Medical Records ; Morphinans ; Muscle Weakness ; Muscular Dystrophies ; National Health Programs ; Social Class ; United States Public Health Service