Pharmacology is a bridge discipline between medicine and pharmacy,betmeen basic medicine and clinical medicine,between life sciences and chemistry as well as material science. Phar?macology is closely related to many subjects,and is an indispensable subject in medical sciences. It plays an important role in the development of medical sciences. The main tasks of pharmacology development involve rational drug use,new drug research and development,and promotion of medical sciences and life sciences. During the whole process of new drug development,the development of pharmacolo?gy has played a positive role. As such,new drug research and development depends on the develop?ment of pharmacology. Pharmacology plays an important role in the development of new drugs and is involved in the whole process of research and development. Thus,it is a support subject for new drug development. Strengthening pharmacological research and improving the overall level of pharmacologi?cal in China are of great significance for promoting new drug research and development and ensuring ra?tional drug use.

Remarkable advances in cellular reprogramming have made it possible to investigate relevant cell populations derived from induced pluripotent stem cells ( iPSCs ) of patients. Be-cause many diseases have its specific genetic information, using the cells to convert into iPSCs can build up a set of genetic pro-file of diseases. The iPSCs which contain the genetic contribution of the donor can be expanded and differentiated into cells of the affected lineages to show aberrant phenotypes in culture. To date, over fifty such disease models have been reported, and while the field is young and hurdles remain, we can foresee the huge potential of it in drug screening. Recent studies using iP-SCs to model various neurogenetic disorders are summarized. Compared to the traditional methods, we analyze the future de-velopment of iPSC based disease models and its past application on high-throughput screening ( HTS) and high-content screening ( HCS) .

This study discussed problems in consistency assessment of generic drugs and analyzed effect of polymorphs on drug quality and its influence on consistency of curative efficiency.Relationship between evaluation method of polymorphs and curative efficiency was investigated.It showed that establishment of curative efficiency related evaluation indicators was necessary and improvment of techniques was important.Drug quality criteria should be added with requirement of curative efficiency control.Related information based on polymorphs could be provided for technical research in consistency assessment.

Urotensin Ⅱ,a cycle peptide originally found from the fish,is the most potent vasoconstrictor.Urotensin Ⅱand its receptor have been found in central nerve system,cardiovascular system and other organs and tissues.It has been suggested that urotensin Ⅱplays important roles in the physiological and pathological procedures.Based on the evidences obtained from experiments,urotensin Ⅱmay become a new target for treating many diseases,particularly for cardiovascular diseases.

ABSTRACT Recent research suggests that the ?-amyloid peptide (A?) is central to the pathophysi-ology of Alzheimers disease (AD). Amyloid plaques, primarily composed of A?, have significant neurotoxic effects. So it is therapeutic strategies for AD to lower the production of A? in the brain. A? is a product of catabolism of amyloid precursor protein ( APP) by ?-secretase and y- secretase. BACE ( ?-secretase) exhibits all the properties of the ?-secretase, and as the key rate-limiting enzyme that initiates the formation of A?, BACE is an attractive drug target for AD. The recent research of ?-secretase is reviewed in this paper.

AIM The aim of our study was to establish drug screening models which can evaluate samples' effects on cytokines related with inflammtion, capable of fast and efficient screening of anti-inflammatory lead compounds on the release of inflammtory cytokines. METHODS Heparinized human blood leukocytes was evaluated as a model to study the effects of various classes of anti-inflammatory lead compounds on cytokine release/biosynthesis from leukocytes. Human blood leukocytes was stimulated with LPS (final concentration 0.5～50 mg?L -1), with or without test drugs (diclofenac, a cytooxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid NDGA, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor) for 1～4 h to induce cytokine release. RESULTS Human blood leukocytes stimulated with LPS could product IL-1, IL-8 and TNF-? in a dose-dependent manner. Human blood leukocytes was stimulated with LPS(5 mg?L -1) for 4h to induce cytokine release. TNF-?, IL-1 and IL-8 time-course profiles were determined in culture media, using bioassays and ELISA. LPS-mediated release of IL-1 and TNF-? was significantly suppressed by NDGA and Diclofenac. In LPS stimulated blood, NDGA and Diclofenac inhibited the release of TNF-?(IC 50 of 149 ?mol?L -1 and 23.88 ?mol?L -1) or IL-1 (IC 50 of 222.57 ?mol?L -1 and 126 ?mol?L -1). CONCLUSION This human blood leukocytes screening system in vitro has the potential to screen new cytokine release inhibitors and sites of action of new anti-inflammatory lead compounds, and increases the screening efficiency.

AIM: To establish the model of aging rats and observe the effect of the group of effective components of Xiaoxuming Decoction(XXM)on aging rats. METHODS: D-galactose and rotenone were used to establish aging animal model.The ability of learning and memory were measured by using Morris water maze test.Then, the content of GSH and MDA,the activity of SOD,the activity of AchE and ChAT in rats'brain were measured. (RESULTS): D-galactose could induce aging like indicators in rats:decrease the content of GSH and the activity of SOD,and increase the content of MDA,but have no effect on AchE and ChAT.It showed that GEC could improve the ability of learning and memory and ameliorate biochemistry function in rats with aging induced by D-galactose. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that GEC of XXM could improve the responses of aging rats and these effects may be related to its ability of antioxidation.

Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP), also known as vitamin D3-up-regulated protein (VDUP1), is an endogenous inhibitor of thioredoxin (Trx), which regulates the cellular reduction-oxidation (redox) state. TXNIP regulates cellular survival, apoptosis and inflammation induced by glucotoxicity, heat shock and mechanical pressure. The above functions of TXNIP are regulated by carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) and AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK). In recent years, numerous studies showed that TXNIP is involved in diabetes and diabetic complications. On the one hand, TXNIP functions in diabetes by increasing insulin resistance and hepatic gluconeogenesis. TXNIP expression is induced by high glucose, which is implicated in pancreatic beta cell glucotoxicity and endothelial cells dysfunction. TXNIP may contribute to the development and progression of diabetes and its vascular complications. TXNIP may be a new target for diabetes and its vascular complications therapy.

Phosphodiesterases(PDEs) is the only protein enzyme family,which catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic nucleotide second messages(cAMP and cGMP).PDEs regulate many physiologic and pathologic processes.Recent advance showed that PDE7 hydrolyze cAMP exclusively and is divided into PDE7A and PDE7B. PDE7 mainly express in immune and inflammatory cells.The selective inhibition of this family generates profound,functional effects and PDE7 has been used as a therapeutic target for diseases related with inflammation,such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimers disease(AD).