Erythropoietin(EPO) is a main growth factor that regulates the erythropoiesis under the physiological conditions and after blood loss. At present, it is one of the special effective clinical drugs for treating anemia due to renal failure, chronic infection, AIDS, tumor and some other causes. However, its short plasma half-life makes more frequent administration, which increases the burden and pain on patients. Therefore, development of long-acting agents is a hot. Continuous erythropoietin receptor activator(CERA) is a third-generation erythropoiesis-stimulating agents(ESA). It has a largely prolonged plasma half-life and extended administration intervals, which are different from other ESAs. This review gives a detail demonstration about the development, molecular structure, biochemical characteristics and the most common adverse effects of CERA, as well as the international attention when CERA works as a doping.

Objective To establish an HPLC method to determine the contents of dauricine in Menispermi Rhizoma from different producing areas. Methods C18 was set as chromatographic column filler, with acetonitrile-water-triethylamine (45:55:0.1) as the mobile phase, 284 nm as the ultraviolet wavelength detection, 1 mL/min as the flow rate, 30 ℃ as the column temperature. HPLC chromatograms of eight different batches of Menispermi Rhizoma were established. Results HPLC testing conditions of Menispermi Rhizoma was established. Within 20-100 μg/mL, there was a good linear relationship between the injection volume of the reference substance and the peak area (r=0.9995). The average recovery of dauricine was 100.30%, RSD=1.000%. The contents of dauricine in Menispermi Rhizoma from different producing areas were different. Conclusion The HPLC method is with sensitivity, accuracy, precision, good reproducibility and simple operation, which can be used as detection method to determine the content of dauricine in Menispermi Rhizoma.

Objective To determine the effect of passive smoking during pregnancy on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) in the lungs of neonatal rats. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke on the 1, 8 and 15 day after pregnancy for a total of 2 h each day. Those rats who were put into the box without smoke exposure were as control. The neonatal rats were delivered by cesarean section on the 20th day of gestation and birth weight was measured. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to evaluate the expression of TNF-?、CINC mRNAs and TNF-? protein. Results The birth weight of neonatal rats born from those mothers who were exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke was significantly lower than that of control gruop(P

Objective To observe the impact of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on blood pressure and heart rate in adults with spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods 48 adult SCI patients who accepted HBO therapy from March to November, 2014, were observed. Other 48 non-SCI patients matched sexes and ages were as the controls. Their blood pressure and heart rate were measured before chambering, before compression, HBO for 30 minutes, before decompression and at the end of decompression. The patients were divided into high SCI group and low SCI group based on the injury levels above or below T4. Results The blood pressure was lower in the high SCI patients than their controls (t>6.337, P<0.001), and increased as taking in the oxygen. There was no significant difference between the high SCI patients than their controls as they took in for 30 minutes and before the decompression (P>0.05). No difference was found between both groups in heart rate (P>0.05). For the low SCI patients, neither the blood pressure nor the heart rate was different from their controls (P>0.05). Conclusion The blood pressure may increase during HBO intaking in the high SCI patients, which need be paid attention to.

Objective To explore the variations in category of internal diseases in order to plan out strategies to deal with during pre-hospital period in Chongqing urban area.Methods The category of internal diseases of pre-hospital emergency service in Chongqing urban area from January 2004 to December 2013 was studied and the data were analyzed retrospectively.Results Firstly,the number of patients in pre-hospital emergency service continued to mount up year by year,from 6031 patients in 2004 to 12 264 patients in 2013.The ration of male to femal was 1.24∶1 to 1.68∶ 1,and the cases of female increased year after year,from 2246 to 5486.Secondly,cardiovascular disease was the leading illness in the wide varieties of internal disease (15.35％-19.36％).The number of cerebrovascular accident (9.72％-13.11％),respiratory diseases (7.48％-10.20％) and digestive diseases (8.36％-10.58％) were escalating.However,the acute poisoning cases (2.36％-6.18％) showed a tendency of decline.The peak time of the pre-hospital emergency service was stable in past ten years.Thirdly,there were seasonal variation in incidence of cardiovascular,cerebrovascular and respiratory disease,more cases occurred in January and December than in other months.Alcoholism commonly peaked before Spring Festival.Fourthly,the peak time of internal disease occurred in the past 10 years was stable,peaked during 20:00-24:00,and the trough time was during 0:00-4:00,the ratio of trough to peak ranged from 30.7％ to 43.5％.Conclusion The variation of the internal disease category was associated more or less with seasonal rotation,the improved living standards,and stress of modern life,and the incidence of emergency illness were escalating year by year,thus the corresponding measures should be instituted to deal with those major changes.Improving pre-hospital emergency response capacity and efficacy of treatment is of great significance.Strengthening the prophylaxis and healthcare,and establishing a professional capability for triage classification of diseases during emergency service are great essential for promoting the swiftness of prehospital emergency response.

35 g/L) by serum albumin determination. Relationship between prognosis and BMI as well as serum albumin was observed. Results:Morbidity of malnutrition was as high as 31.3 %.Concentration of serum albumin was low in most patients. Postoperative complications occurred mainly in malnutrition and hypoalbuminemia group. Conclusions:BMI and serum albumin are related with patients' prognosis and can be used to estimate risks of operations.

Objective To investigate the changes and effects of intercelluar adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and inhibitor protein of nuclear factor-?B(I?B?) in pulmonary hemorrhage induced by endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in neonatal rats. Methods Sixty-eight seven to ten-day-old Wistar rats were separated into 2 groups randomly. In the experimental groups, LPS was injected intraperitoneally at the dosage of 5 mg/kg and the normal saline (NS) control group was injected with equal amount of NS intraperitoneally. The rats were sacrificed at 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h post injection. The histology of lung tissues were examined by microscope and electron microscope. The expression of ICAM-1, I?B?protein and mRNA expression were observed using Western blot and in situ hybridization. Results One hour after LPS administration, pulmonary hemorrhage and inflammatory responses were observed in the rat lungs. The ICAM-1 protein expression greatly increased at 2 h post injection and it was significantly higher than control group(178.13?8.18 vs 161.57?12.52, P

Objective To discuss and prevent hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT ) or stenosis (HAS) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Methods In harvesting the donor's liver, the hepatic artery should be obtained together with its origin from the celiac artery as a whole. Damage to the hepatic artery should be avoided during dissection, the endothelium should not be injured, especially that of its branches. When the portal veins of the donor and the recipient were opened, the matching arteries were anastomosed end to end. If the diameter of the anastomosing artery was less than 5 mm, a branching section of the artery was selected, the bifurcation septum was divided so that the arterial end was enlarged to ensure a good anastomosis. The endothelium of the artery should be kept intact during the procedure. Results In 36 patients with OLT, no patients suffered from HAT or HAS. Conclusion The important procedures to prevent HAT or HAS in OLT are harvest of a complete donor's arteries, suitable selection of hepatic artery for anastomosis, precise technique of vascular anastomosis, and appropriate use of anticoagulant.

0. 05) in rate of success, recurrence and complication between RFCA and OHO for the patients with AVRT. Medical workers were fewer, operation, du-ration, hospital days (including days of pre-operation preparation and post-operation recovery) and days of looking after the patients in RFCA were shorter than those in OHO,p

Objective: To establish the determination and fingerprint of Gesang Jiangtang Capsules (GJC) for its quality control. Methods: UV spectrophotometric method was used for determining polysaccharides, total saponins, and total flavonoids of GJC. Ten batches of GJC were detected and recorded by UPLC. Similarity evaluation was performed by using Similarity Evaluation System for Fingerprint Chromatogram of TCM (2012) to confirm the common peaks. Results: In three batches of GJC, average polysaccharides content, average total saponins content, and average total flavonoids content were 4.56%, 2.97%, and 2.61%, respectively. UPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of GJC were established and 15 common peaks were confirmed. Puerarin, rutin, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, ombuoside, ginsenoside Rb1, and ombuin were identified by chemical identification of the reference substance, corresponding to peaks 1, 5, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 15. Conclusion: The methods can be used for the quality control of GJC with good precision, accuracy, and reproducibility.