This paper was focused on establishing a ICP-MS method with microwave digestion for simultaneous determination of lead, copper, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, magnesium, manganese, nickel, thallium in cassia tuckahoe capsule and its five raw herbal materials. Internal standard method was adopted to reduce matrix effect and other interference effects. The method established was shown to be simple with high sensitivity, strong specificity and good reproducibility. Linear relationship is good as R2 ≥ 0.999 3 while the average recovery was among 75.84% - 118.9%. The detection limit was 0.016 - 4.593 μg x L(-1). Data in this paper provided the basis for control of deleterious element in Guizhi Fuling capsules, and further more it was with referencing values for control of deleterious element in other crude drug.
Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Reproducibility of Results

The present study aimed to regulate the market circulation of Caryophylli Flos and formulate standards for commodity specifications and grades of Caryophylli Flos. Market survey was carried out in four major medicinal material markets with 48 samples of Caryophylli Flos collected. The property, 100-seed weight, impurity percentage, moisture, and eugenol content in Caryophylli Flos of different specifications from different producing areas were determined and analyzed. The results showed that 27.1% of the samples surveyed on the markets did not meet the requirements of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). The 100-seed weight and the property are important factors for the classification of Caryophylli Flos specifications. There were significant differences in the property, 100-seed weight, impurity percentage, and eugenol content in Caryophylli Flos samples of different specifications from different producing areas, and also differences in the proportions of different specifications in Caryophylli Flos samples from different producing areas. The African-originated Xiaohong(medium grade) and Guangxi-originated Xiaohong(medium grade) accounted for 70% and 66.7% respectively, the Indonesian-originated Dahong(top grade) for 56.2%. In conclusion, there are many problems in the circulation of Caryophylli Flos at present, mainly including the loss of origin information, no standards for specifications, non-implementation of grade standards, excessive impurities, and no evidence for authenticity identification. According to the classification of Caryophylli Flos specifications in this study, the average eugenol content of Xiaohong is significantly higher than the Dahong by 4.74%.
China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Indonesia

The paper reviews the speciation, process in vivo and biological effects of inorganic elements in Chinese medicine (CM) in the aspect of biopharmaceutics. We also summarize some factors influenced the biopharmceutical characteristics of drugs, including physical and chemical properties, formulation development, body's biological states and different actions. It is significant to safety, rationality of using of CM and modernization, internationalization of CM.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Inorganic Chemicals ; analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Processed Chinese medicine is the core of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry chain,which directly affects the clinical efficacy and. safety of Chinese patent medicine and clinical formula Decoction pieces. Studied the variation of effective substance in vivo Chinese medicine processing before and after processed, clarifying the effective substance and processing principle is a top priority of the development of Chinese medicine processing. The traditional research method chiefly focus on the variation about chemicals in vitro of processed Chinese medicine, it cannot reveal that the integrity and complexity of processed Chinese medicine efficacy changes, so the change process is the focus of future research in vivo on the base of effective substance of TCM This paper described the research on the base of effective substance of TCM and Processed Chinese medicine research status in vitro, discussed the analytical methods (plasma chemistry, pharmacokinetics, metabonomics) of the dynamic process in vivo about processed Chinese medicine, and pointed out development and related problems in process in vivo on the base of effective substance of TCM, which could provided research ideas and methods for in-depth interpretation of Chinese medicine processing mechanism.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Traditional Chinese medicine components are a complex multi-component system. How to characterize and evaluate their diverse properties have long been key scientific problems in the modernization process of traditional Chinese medicines. According to the relevant regulations for biopharmaceutical properties, we made the criteria for evaluating similarity of Chinese medicine components, while establish an analytical method based on cosine and Grubbs to evaluate the dispersion degree of properties of representative components, so as to provide ideas and methods for classifying traditional Chinese medicine sub-components and evaluating the integrity of component properties.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Solubility

The study on the targets of traditional Chinese medicine is an important part of researchers using modern scientific language to clarify the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine. However, the research on the targets of Chinese medicine is full of challenges due to the complexity of active ingredients. As a branch of systems biology, proteomics focus on specific proteins in living organisms from a holistic perspective, which significantly improves the efficiency of targets discovery and has obvious advantages in the research of targets of Chinese medicine. Based on relevant literature and different methods used in targets of Chinese medicine, proteomics can be divided into chemical proteomics, differential proteomics and quantitative proteomics. The applications of the above three methods are illustrated in this paper as well, which will provide new methods and ideas for the study of the mechanism of Chinese medicine in the future.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Proteomics

OBJECTIVEThis study attempts to test the total amount of 41 inorganic elements in traditional Chinese medicine materials (TCMM), to analyze to surpass the set standard of 5 toxic heavy metal elements and to explore possible method of modification.

METHODBy using microwave as digestion tool, ICP-MS and ICP-AES as detective instrument, 41 elements in 466 samples are tested. While the amount of elements Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, Sr are determined by ICP-AES, the amount of the rest 32 elements are determined by ICP-MS. SPSS 16.0 is used as the statistical tool for data analysis.

RESULTTesting of reference material Astragalus showed that the measurements of each element are within the reference range, and except for element I, RSD of determination for each element is less than 10%, thus the accuracy and precision of the study method is confirmed. Using above mentioned instruments and methods, general information of elements in 466 TCMM are obtained.

CONCLUSIONThe concentrations of each elements in TCMM varied a lot and are different among each TCMM. The over standard rate of 5 heavy metal elements are lower than previous results, however, the over standard rate is still descending in the order of Cd > Cu > Pb > As > Hg. The content of heavy metal elements in TCMM varies among different areas, especially, over standard of heavy metals are not detected in locality as Gansu, Qinghai, Shanxi, Xinjiang and Hainan provinces.

OBJECTIVEAn UPLC method was developed to evaluate the quality of Paeoniae Radix by simultaneously determining four components, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol in Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction pieces.

METHODThe UPLC chromatographic column was ACQUITY UPLC® HSS T3. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid water with gradient elution. The column temperature was 30 °C and detection wavelength was 230 nm with a flow rate of 0.4 mL · min(-1). A linear model was obtained through principal component analysis (PCA), and PCA scores were used to evaluate the quality of Radix Paeoniae Alba decoction pieces comprehensively.

RESULTPaeoniflorin, albiflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol could be well separated from other components, and the results of specificity, precision, repeatability, linearity, recovery rate and stability reached the standards, respectively. The content of paeoniflorin in 9 batches of Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction pieces was below the standard given by Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition). Using the comprehensive scoring method with principal component analysis, the results showed that the samples from Zhejiang province have better quality than those from Anhui and Shandong provinces.

CONCLUSIONThe method established in this study can effectively determine the content of paeoniflorin, albiflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and paeonol, which could be used for quality control of Paeoniae Radix Alba.

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents from Corallodiscus kingianus.

METHODThe column chromatographic techniques were applied to isolate constituents. A combination of ESI-MS and NMR spectroscopy was used to identify structures.

RESULTSix compounds were isolated from the acetone extract of this plant, and the structures of them have been identified as castanopsol (1) , 3beta-hydroxy-9 (11), 12-oleanadien-28-oic acid (2), 2,3,7-trihydroxy-6-oxo-1,3,5 (10), 7-tetraene-24-nor-frie-delane-29-oic acid methylester (3), 3-epicyclomusalenol (4), palmitinic acid (5) and stearic acid (6).

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1-6 were isolated for the first time from Gesneriaceae.

The present study is to establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) for determining contents of seven compositions in Alismatis Rhizoma, alismoxide, alisol C 23-acetate, alisol A, alismol, alisol B, alisol B 23-acetate and 11-deoxy-alisol B. Six relative correction factors(RCFs) of alismoxide, alisol C 23-acetate, alisol A, alismol, alisol B and 11-deoxy-alisol B were established in the UPLC method with alisol B 23-acetate as the internal standard, which was to calculate the mass fraction of each. The mass fraction of seven effective constituents in Alismatis Rhizoma was calculated by the external standard method(ESM) at the same time. Compared with the content results determined by the ESM and QAMS, the feasibility and accuracy of QAMS method were verified. Within the linear range, the RCFs of alismoxide, alisol C 23-acetate, alisol A, alismol, alisol B, 11-deoxy-alisol B were 0.946, 4.183, 0.915, 1.039, 0.923 and 1.244, respectively, with good repeatability in different experimental conditions. There was no significant difference between the QAMS method and ESM method. Then, QAMS method was applied to determination of the different degree Alismatis Rhizoma from different areas. As a result, the concentrations of 7 components have differences in different areas, but no significant differences in different grades. The QAMS method is feasible and accurate for the determination of the seven chemical compositions, and which can be used for quality control of Alismatis Rhizoma.
Alismatales ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Phytochemicals ; analysis ; Rhizome ; chemistry