BACKGROUND: For endometrioid carcinoma patients, International Federation of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (FIGO) histologic grading is very important for identifying the appropriate treatment method. However, the interobserver discrepancy with this three-tiered grading system is a serious potential problem. In this study, we used immunohistochemistry to analyze the relationship between FIGO histologic grading score and myoferlin expression. METHODS: We studied the endometrioid carcinoma tissues of 60 patients from Gyeongsang National University Hospital between January 2002 and December 2009. Immunohistochemical analysis of myoferlin was performed on tissue microarray blocks from surgical specimens. RESULTS: Myoferlin expression was observed in 58 of 60 patients. Moderate and strong myoferlin expression was observed in low-grade endometrioid carcinoma, while there was a tendency toward loss of myoferlin expression in high-grade endometrioid carcinoma (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that myoferlin loss is significantly correlated with high FIGO grade of endometrioid carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Methods

Recent years have seen great progress in the researches on the pharmacotherapy of female sexual dysfunction( FSD). Estrogen replacement therapy is effective on female sexual pain and dyspareunia; androgen can improve female hyposexuality; and a variety of drugs and medication forms are being studied for their efficacy on FSD, including the 5-phosphodiesterase inhibitor, dopamine receptor stimulant, prostaglandin E1, adrenergic receptor blocker, some traditional Chinese medicine, and so on, which have yielded lots of inspiring findings.
Drug Therapy ; methods ; trends ; Female ; Humans ; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological ; drug therapy ; Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological ; drug therapy

With the development of the research in human genomics, it is well known that genetic polymorphisms(mainly single nucleotide polymorphisms) of the genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, receptors and other drug target proteins are relative to interindividual differences in the efficacy and toxicity of many medications. On the basis of functional genomics and molecular pharmacology, pharmacogenomics is elucidating the inherited nature of these differences in drug response mainly by means of analyzing the genetic variations of DNA and monitoring the gene expression pattern. It can not only improve disease diagnosis and predict the potential drug response but also speed up drug discovery and its development which will be instructive for clinical drug therapy ultimately.
Drug Therapy ; methods ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Pharmacogenetics ; methods

OBJECTIVETo review the presentation, diagnosis and recent developments in the pharmacological and invasive treatment of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with a special focus on health-care organization in order to increase accessibility of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

DATA SOURCESData were obtained from English publications on STEMI treatment. No formal systematic review was conducted, but an effort was made to be comprehensive.

STUDY SELECTIONStudies were selected if they contained data relevant to the topic. Preferably, data from clinical randomized trials, meta-analyses, guidelines and a few recent reviews are referenced.

RESULTSThe described clinical approach to acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been a continuum of scientific results and translation into clinical practice over the last four decades since the advent of thrombolytic reperfusion. This has resulted in a dramatic in-hospital mortality decrease from 30% in the 1960s to the present 5%. The biggest survival benefits have undoubtedly been achieved after the advent of reperfusion strategies. In contemporary treatment of STEMI, additional treatment effects on survival have to be sought in the very early admission phase, as the current mortality hazard drops significantly after the first critical days to continuously very low levels after discharge.

CONCLUSIONSOptimal treatment of STEMI patients is best performed with a widely accessible reperfusion strategy, preferably primary PCI, with contemporary peri-procedural anti-thrombotic treatment and device implantation. Accessibility of reperfusion strategies is increased by efficient STEMI networks applying prehospital triage with digital tele-transmission of electrocardiograms (ECGs) and seamless patient transitions between health-care unities. Efficient treatments of complicated STEMI with out-of hospital cardiac arrest and/or cardiogenic shock underline the necessity of structured referral systems, preferably immediately after the initial STEMI diagnosis.

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Humans

This paper introduces the principle and structure of the ETUS system for acute myocardial infarction. This system is an assistant treatment tool with ultrasound waves acting from the external on the heart, speeding thrombolytic drug's permeation into the thrombi for a good curative effect.
Equipment Design ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; therapy ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; methods ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; instrumentation

Drugs acting on individual molecular targets usually exert unsatisfying therapeutic effects or have severe toxicity when used in diseases of complicated causes such as tumor, diabetes and inflammation. Multitarget therapeutics which regulates multiple nodes of the disease network simultaneously shows synergistic effect, is unlikely to induce resistance and provides optimal clinical use. This review summarized the characteristics, classification, development strategies and screening models, current multi-target therapeutic drugs used in clinic and also explored the potential of TCM in multi-target therapeutics.
Drug Combinations ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; Drug Interactions ; Drug Synergism ; Drug Therapy ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Some depressed patients receive acupuncture as an adjunct to their conventional medications. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to provide evidence on whether acupuncture can enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of antidepressants for treating depression, and explore whether acupuncture can reduce the adverse reactions associated with antidepressants. SEARCH STRATEGY: English and Chinese databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published until December 1, 2021. INCLUSION CRITERIA: RCTs with a modified Jadad scale score ≥ 4 were included if they compared a group of participants with depression that received acupuncture combined with antidepressants with a control group that received antidepressants alone. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Meta-analysis was performed, and statistical heterogeneity was assessed based on Cochran's Q statistic and its related P-value. Primary outcomes were the reduction in the severity of depression and adverse reactions associated with antidepressants, while secondary outcomes included remission rate, treatment response, social functioning, and change in antidepressant dose. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework was used to evaluate the overall quality of evidence in the included studies. RESULTS: This review included 16 studies (with a total of 1958 participants). Most studies were at high risk of performance bias and at low or unclear risk of selection bias, detection bias, attrition bias, reporting bias, and other bias. Analysis of the 16 RCTs showed that, compared with antidepressants alone, acupuncture along with antidepressants reduced the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17 (HAMD-17) scores (standard mean difference [SMD] -0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.55 to -0.33, P < 0.01; I² = 14%), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) scores (SMD -0.53, 95% CI -0.84 to -0.23, P < 0.01; I² = 79%), and the Side Effect Rating Scale (SERS) scores (SMD -1.11, 95% CI -1.56 to -0.66, P < 0.01; I² = 89%). Compared with antidepressants alone, acupuncture along with antidepressants improved World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF scores (SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.44, P < 0.01; I² = 15%), decreased the number of participants who increased their antidepressant dosages (relative risk [RR] 0.32, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.48, P < 0.01; I² = 0%), and resulted in significantly higher remission rates (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.83, P < 0.01; I² = 0%) and treatment responses (RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.47, P < 0.01; I² = 19%) in terms of HAMD-17 scores. The HAMD-17, SDS and SERS scores were assessed as low quality by GRADE and the other indices as being of moderate quality. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture as an adjunct to antidepressants may enhance the therapeutic effectiveness and reduce the adverse drug reactions in patients receiving antidepressants. These findings must be interpreted with caution, as the evidence was of low or moderate quality and there was a lack of comparative data with a placebo control. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION INPLASY202150008.
Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Antidepressive Agents/adverse effects* ; Depression/drug therapy* ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/drug therapy* ; Humans

The field of gene therapy has been increasingly studied in the last four decades, and its clinical application has become a reality in the last 15 years. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), an important component of complementary and alternative medicine, has evolved over thousands of years with its own unique system of theories, diagnostics and therapies. TCM is well-known for its various roles in preventing and treating infectious and chronic diseases, and its usage in other modern clinical practice. However, whether TCM can be applied alongside gene therapy is a topic that has not been systematically examined. Here we provide an overview of TCM theories in relation to gene therapy. We believe that TCM theories are congruent with some principles of gene therapy. TCM-derived drugs may also act as gene therapy vehicles, therapeutic genes, synergistic therapeutic treatments, and as co-administrated drugs to reduce side effects. We also discuss in this review some possible approaches to combine TCM and gene therapy.
Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Genes ; drug effects ; Genetic Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods

High-intensity focused ultrasound therapy is a novel, emerging, therapeutic modality that uses ultrasound waves, propagated through tissue media, as carriers of energy. This completely non-invasive technology has great potential for tumor ablation as well as hemostasis, thrombolysis and targeted drug/gene delivery. However, the application of this technology still has many drawbacks. It is expected that current obstacles to implementation will be resolved in the near future. In this review, we provide an overview of high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy from the basic physics to recent clinical studies with an interventional radiologist's perspective for the purpose of improving the general understanding of this cutting-edge technology as well as speculating on future developments.
Drug Delivery Systems ; Gene Targeting ; Hemostatic Techniques ; Humans ; Thrombolytic Therapy/methods ; *Ultrasonic Therapy/methods