Albendazole ; adverse effects ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Eruptions ; etiology ; Humans ; Tablets

Adult ; Dermatitis, Occupational ; etiology ; Drug Eruptions ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Phthalimides ; adverse effects

Abdominal Pain ; etiology ; Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; etiology ; Drug Eruptions ; complications ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Nausea ; etiology ; Treatment Outcome

Adult ; Carbamazepine ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Drug Eruptions ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Tinnitus ; drug therapy

Angioedema ; chemically induced ; Drug Eruptions ; etiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Urticaria ; chemically induced

PURPOSETo review the current progress in epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestation, and pathophysiology of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCADRs).

DATA SOURCESData were acquired by using Blackwell-Synergy, PubMed, original articles published in the main Chinese journals and related medical textbooks materials. Study selection and data extraction Throughout the literature review 49 articles were selected.

RESULTSSCADRs cases are rare, however, the implication is life threatening with significant mortality rates. Epidemiology studies have shown various incidences from different regions, gender, age, race and concurrent illness. There are typical signs and symptoms for each type of SCADRs, but this is not always so. Drugs associated with inducing SCADRs are anticonvulsants, antibiotics, NSAIDs and antirheumatic drugs. In some countries, especially in Asia, traditional drugs are often the cause of SCADRs. Genetic polymorphisms and viral infections are predisposition factors of SCADRs. Patients with certain genetic alleles and underlying diseases are vulnerable to SCADRs. The exact pathogenesis of SCADRs is not well defined. Nonetheless, recent study showed that reactive metabolites and immunological processes have a significant role in SCADRs.

CONCLUSIONSThe different SCADRs reactions are attributed by different intrinsic factors, such as genetic polymorphisms, gender, age and race as well as extrinsic factors, such as underlying diseases. Different regions and culprit drugs also play a role in the various types of SCADRs.

Adult ; Drug Eruptions ; complications ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Adolescent ; Adult ; Dermatitis, Occupational ; etiology ; therapy ; Drug Eruptions ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; therapeutic use ; Trichloroethylene ; adverse effects

Aged ; Drug Eruptions ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous ; chemically induced ; Nifedipine ; adverse effects ; Vasodilator Agents ; adverse effects

Amikacin ; adverse effects ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; adverse effects ; Child ; Drug Eruptions ; etiology ; Erythema Multiforme ; chemically induced ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo describe the etiology, clinical features and treatment of childhood acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP).

METHODSClinical data from 20 cases of childhood acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis from 1990 to 2008 were retrospectively reviewed.

RESULTSEighteen cases had a history of medication, including the use of penicillin (n=6), cephalosporins (n=3), sulphonamides (n=2), algopyrin (n=2), vaccines (n=2 ) and anti-cold drugs (n=3). Fever and generalized erythematous pustules were observed in all 20 cases. Histopathologic examination revealed spongiform superficial pustules and papillary edema. The patients were asked to stop taking suspected sensitizing drugs and received glucocorticoid treatment (1-2 mg/kg daily). After 3-5 days of the treatment, symptoms were improved and the dosage of glucocorticoid was gradually reduced. All patients were healed within 20 days after treatment.

CONCLUSIONSThe cause of AGEP is mainly attributed to the use of antibiotics, sulphonamides, antipyretic analgesics and vaccines in children. AGEP is characterized by fever and widespread pustular eruption of the skin. Removal of sensitizing factors and glucocorticoid administration is important in the treatment of AGEP in children.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Eruptions ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Exanthema ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy