The development of automatic drug delivery is reviewed in this paper. The control-relevance of models, the relevant algorithm, the system running and the simulation effect are introduced. The value for clinical application of each case is assessed. The new advances and high-lights of researches are discussed.
Algorithms ; Drug Delivery Systems ; instrumentation ; Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted ; instrumentation ; Humans ; Infusion Pumps ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods

In this paper we briefly introduce some microdevices which have been developed recently for biomedical applications by micro-fabrication technology. These applications mainly include areas of diagnostics, drug delivery, tissue engineering and minimally-invasive surgery.
Biomedical Engineering ; instrumentation ; methods ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Microsurgery ; instrumentation ; Miniaturization ; Tissue Engineering ; instrumentation ; methods

This paper proposes a one-way micro valve with a simple structure and a simulation design for the engineering capsule. We have now got its design parameter selection method and its mechanic characteristic from experiments.
Capsules ; Computer Simulation ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Infusion Pumps, Implantable ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods

Thermo-responsive intelligent membranes with linear grafted poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) gates on the inner pore surface were prepared, and experiments were carried out on the thermo-responsive gating characteristics. Plasma-graft pore-filling polymerization was used to graft PNIPAM into the pore of the porous flat membranes. The experimental results showed that PNIPAM-grafted PVDF (PNIPAM-g-PVDF) membranes were featured with thermo-responsiveness due to the thermo-responsive swollen-shrunken property of PNIPAM chains grafted on the inner pore surface of the membrane. At temperatures below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), the linear grafted PNIPAM chains on the inner pore surface were in the swollen state, and the pores in the membrane were closed; in contrast, the grafted PNIPAM chains were in the shrunken state at temperatures above the LCST, and therefore the pores in the membrane were open. The LCST of the thermo-sensitive gates could be adjusted by adding acrylamide (AAM) in the N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) monomer solution, the LCST of the poly(NIPAM-co-AAM) gates increased simply with the increase of the AAM fraction.
Acrylic Resins ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Delivery Systems ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Membranes, Artificial ; Porosity ; Temperature

Responsive drug delivery system can release drug at specific time and sites, and effectively overcome the drug resistance of organisms. With such advantages as drug protection, local targeting, inhibition of enzymatic activity, memory and expression, it has good prospect of application. So far, many chemical preparations have been launched in the market. This article mainly summarizes the advance in studies on establishment methods of responsive drug delivery system, while proposing research ideas for the traditional Chinese medicine component-based responsive drug delivery system according to the multi-component, multi-link and multi-target characteristics, in the expectation of providing reference and thought for the development of the drug delivery system.
Animals ; Drug Delivery Systems ; instrumentation ; methods ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Humans

Recently there have been increasing interests in ultrasound-mediated gene delivery techniques. This paper reviews the general concept of sonoporation, the effect of contrast agents, and the in vitro and in vivo applications of such techniques. Factors which contribute to the efficiency of gene delivery were also discussed. The technology is promising and has great potential in targeted drug delivery and gene delivery applications.
DNA ; administration & dosage ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; instrumentation ; Genetic Therapy ; Humans ; Microbubbles ; Transfection ; methods ; Ultrasonic Therapy ; methods ; Ultrasonics

The capsule-style micro-system is a hot spot of minimally-invasive medical instruments. Progresses of some typical capsule-style micro-systems, such as the wireless endoscope, site specific delivery capsule (SSDC), alimentary tract sampling capsule, PH capsule, etc. are introduced here in detail. The research activities in China and the developing trend of capsule-style micro-systems are discussed too.
Drug Delivery Systems ; instrumentation ; methods ; Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal ; classification ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; methods ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods

In this paper, the advance of polymeric materials applied in the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and natural products was reviewed. Especially the research progresses in use of the polymeric membranes, polymeric flocculating agents, polymeric sorbents and polymeric drug delivery system (DDS) in the separation and preparation of herb and TCM were discussed in details. In addition, the future develorment of polymeric materials in TCM preparation was also discussed.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Biocompatible Materials ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Polymers ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Ultrafiltration ; instrumentation

The recent fast development in biotechnology has resulted in a large number of therapeutic biologicals coming in the foreground for clinical application. Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is designed for patching the drug on the skin, and then the drug molecules permeate through the skin into the subcutaneous capillary vessels. However,very few drugs can be administered transdermally at the therapeutic levels to pass through the barrier of stratum corneum. Several physical and chemical methods are applied to improve the permeability of skin. Research result shows that the low-frequency ultrasonic technique can extraordinarily increase the rate of permeation. As a result, it is becoming one of the potential methods that serve as the substitutes for traditional methods. In this paper is presented a type of equipment based on MSP430. The principle of design, the structure of hardware, and the applied function in this area are described.
Administration, Cutaneous ; Drug Delivery Systems ; instrumentation ; methods ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; administration & dosage ; Skin Absorption ; radiation effects ; Ultrasonics

OBJECTIVETo prepare ginkgolide B-loaded self microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) and evaluate its quality.

METHODThe solubility of ginkgolide B in different oil, surfactant and co-surfactant were measured by HPLC-ESI-MS. The GB-SMEDDS formulation was optimized by the self emulsifying efficiency of various combinations of oil and mix-surfactant evaluated by using pseudo-temary phase diagram. The preliminary stability of GB-SEMEDDS was evaluated by the variety of loading rate of GB and dispersed medium. The morphology, the particle size and the formulation stability were evaluated after diluting by 0.1 mol x L(-1) HCl.

RESULTThe blank self microemulsified system was composed of ethyl oleate-( cremophor EL-lecithin-ethanol, 4: 1:2) (40: 60), the loading dosage was 2.5%. Little influence of GB and emulsified medium was observed on the stability of GB-SEMDDS. After diluted with 0.1 mol x L(-1) HCl, the morphology of the microemulsion was homogeneous small spherical drops observed under electro-microscope. The particle size was (41.6 +/- 1.11) nm, the self microemulsifing time was around 2 min. The formulation was stable within 8 h, without significant changes in particle size and separation of drugs.

CONCLUSIONGB-SMEDDS is easy to prepare and its quality is stable. The solubility of GB was significantly improved by SMEDDS.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; instrumentation ; methods ; Emulsions ; chemistry ; Ginkgolides ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Lactones ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Particle Size ; Solubility ; Surface-Active Agents ; chemistry