BACKGROUND: This study was designed to compare the antiemetic effects of propofol, ondansetron, droperidol and metoclopramide for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing middle ear surgery. METHODS: One-hundred-twenty patients were scheduled for middle ear surgery (tympanomastoidectomy and tympanoplasty). Patients received propofol (0.5 mg/kg), ondansetron (60microgram/kg), droperidol (20microgram/kg) or metoclopramide (0.2 mg/kg) intravenously at the end of the surgical procedure. The assesment of PONV was performed during 3 periods after receiving anesthesia; 0 to 2 hours in the postanesthetic care unit, 2 to 12 hours and 12 to 24 hours in the ward. RESULTS: The percentage of no emesis during the 0 to 2 hour period after receiving anesthesia was 93% for the those who received propofol, 73% for the those who received ondansetron, 70% for the those who received droperidol, and 70% for the those who received metoclopramide. The respective corresponding incidence during the 2 to 12 hour period after receiving anesthesia was 86%, 66%, 63%, and 63%, and the respective corresponding incidence during the 12-24 hour period after receiving anesthesia was 90%, 66%, 66%, and 66%. No clinically adverse events were observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: A small dose of propofol is a better antiemetic than ondansetron, droperidol or metoclopramide for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after middle ear surgery.
Anesthesia ; Antiemetics* ; Droperidol* ; Ear, Middle* ; Equidae ; Humans ; Incidence ; Metoclopramide* ; Ondansetron* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Propofol* ; Vomiting

Background: The highly lipid soluble opioid, fentanyl, has a rapid onset and short duration of action. The present study was designed to examine the analgesic efficacy and side effects of the combination of fentanyl with morphine in patients using intravenous PCA. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of three PCA regimens: M4 group (40 mg morphine+90 mg ketorolac+1.5 mg dorperidol), M2F2 group (20 mg morphine+200 ug fentanyl+90 mg ketorolac+1.5 mg dorperidol), or M2F4 group (20 mg morphine+400 ug fentanyl+90 mg ketorolac+1.5 mg dorperidol). All patients were given initial loading dose of 0.1 mg/kg morphine plus 1 mg droperidol at the end of surgery. Pain score, side effects, and overall satisfaction were assessed at 30 min, 1 hr, 8 hr, 24 hr, and 48 hr postoperatively. Results: The pain score was significantly higher in the M2F2 group than in the M4 group and M2F4 group during 1 hr and 8 hr postoperatively. The total opioid consumption was significantly greater in the M2F4 group than in the M4 group. Patient satisfaction was better in the M2F4 than other two groups. There were no differences in the overall incidence of side effects among three groups. Conclusions: The present results suggest that the combination of fentanyl with morphine for intravenous patient-controlled analgesia is a useful method, and the double dose of fentanyl in comparison with the equipotent morphine dose is recommended in the early postoperative period.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Droperidol ; Fentanyl* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Morphine* ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Patient Satisfaction ; Postoperative Period

Nausea and vomiting are common problems after strabismus surgery in pediatric patients. We compared the effects of droperidol and ephedrine with conventional regimen consisting of halothane-N2O to the effects of conventional regimen itself, 69 children. ASA physical status l, ages 1-12yrs, were studied. Each child was randomly assigned to receive droperidol 0.04mg/kg., ephedrine 0.5mg/kg or normal saline 2ml intramuscularly, 10 minutes before the end of surgery. The incidence of postanesthetic nausea and vomiting was 17% in the droperidol group(p<0.05)., 13% in the ephedrine group(p<0.05), which were significantly less than the control group(43%). But there was no significant difference between droperidol group and ephedrine group. We concluded that droperidol and ephedrine have significant postoperative antiemetic effect in patients undergoing strabismus surgery.
Antiemetics ; Child* ; Droperidol ; Ephedrine ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting* ; Strabismus* ; Vomiting

Postoperative pain control is one of the main concern for the anesthesiologist. Intermittent narcotic injections caused inadequate pain relief in many patients. Periodic injections could improve analgesia with increased incidence of undesirable side effects including respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, and urinary retenion. Balanced analgesia may lessen these complications without reducing analgesic effect. I assessed the effect of balanced analgesia using morphine, ketorolac and droperidol. Each 20 gynecological patients were allocated to one of four groups Morphine(initial bolus 2mg followed by 48mg continousi.v. for 2 days) or ketorolac(initial bolus 30mg, follwed by 120mg continousi.v. for 2 days) was continously injected in group 1 and group 2, respectively. In group 3, half doses of morphine and ketorolac in group 1, 2 was used in combinstion. 5mg of droperidol was added to group 3 drugs in group 4. There were no significant changes in blood pressure and heart rate in all groups. Onset time of analgesic effect was faster in morphine containing groups 1, and 4, and the effect was better in all three morphine containing group 1, 3 and 4 than ketorolac group 2. Untoward effects were least in ketorolac group 2. Droperidol could prevent nausea and vomiting, however led to increased incidence of somnolence. It could be concluded that balanced analgesia with morphine, ketorolac and droperidol with fine titration would be better than intravenous morphine or ketorolac alone.
Analgesia* ; Blood Pressure ; Droperidol* ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Incidence ; Ketorolac* ; Morphine* ; Nausea ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication of a gynecologic laparoscopy. This study was designed to assess the effect of prophylactic droperidol 1 mg or propofol as the induction and maintenance anesthetic agent for prophylaxis of PONV in women undergoing a gynecologic laparoscopy. METHODS: Eighty ASA physical status 1, 2 patients undergoing an elective gynecologic laparoscopy were randomly allocated into four groups. Group 1 (n = 20) recieved an intravenous placebo of noraml saline 1 ml prior to induction of anesthesia and N2O-enflurane general anesthesia. Group 2 (n = 20) recieved an intravenous placebo of noraml saline 1 ml prior to induction of anesthesia and N2O-propofol general anesthesia. Group 3 (n = 20) recieved intravenous prophylactic droperidol 1 mg prior to induction of anesthesia and N2O-enflurane general anesthesia. Group 4 (n = 20) recieved intravenous prophylactic droperidol 1 mg prior to induction of anesthesia and N2O-propofol general anesthesia. RESULTS: The incidence and severity of PONV and sedation scores were assessed at 0, 30 min, 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. The incidence of PONV was 75% in group 1, 10% in group 2, 30% in group 3 and 20% in group 4. The incidence of PONV during the first 6 hours postoperatively was 70% in group 1, 0% in group 2, 10% in group 3 and 5% in group 4 and there were no statistical differences among the four groups in the 6 to 24 hour postoperative period. Sedation scores were significantly higher in group 3 and 4 than in 1 and 2 in the 3 to 6 hour postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: Propofol anesthesia, prophylactic droperidol 1 mg and a combination to prevent PONV were highly effective during the first 6 hours postoperatively.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Droperidol* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting* ; Postoperative Period ; Propofol*

Intracerebroventricular(ICV) bupivacaine produces dysrhythmias and hypertension by altering autonomic nervous system outflow from the CNS. Author evaluated the effect of ICV infusion of saline(0.15 ml), midazolam(0.75 mg), droperidol(0.375 mg), and clondine(0.0225 mg) on dysrhythmia and hypertension induced by ICV bupivacaine in 20 cats. After ICV infusion of bupivacaine, all cats in 4 groups(5 cats in each) developed dysrhythmia and hypertension. Dysrhythmia disappeared within 5 minutes in midazolam, droperidol and clonidine group except saline group but recurred in two of the five cats in midazolam group. Mean arterial pressure decreased more significantly in droperidol and clonidine group than midazolam group<0.05), and heart rate decreased significantly in c1onidine group after ten minutes(p < 0.01). It is concluded that clonidine and droperidol are more potent and effective than midazolam on hypertension and dysrhythmia caused by ICV bupivacaine.
Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Autonomic Nervous System ; Bupivacaine* ; Cats* ; Clonidine* ; Droperidol* ; Heart Rate ; Hypertension* ; Midazolam*

BACKGROUND: Ondansetron, a 5-HT3 (hydroxytryptamine receptor 3) receptor antagonist, is effective for prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. This study is to evaluate the intraoperative and postoperative efficacy of prophylactic ondansetron and droperidol in preventing nausea and vomiting in cesarean section patients under epidural anesthesia. METHODS: Sixty ASA physical status I-II parturients undergoing elective cesarean section under epidural anesthesia were allocated to 3 groups received intravenous ondansetron 4 mg (Group O), droperidol 1.25 mg (Group D) and normal saline 1 ml (Group N) after delivery of baby. The intra and postoperative incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting were recorded using 4 point scale (0: none, 1 : mild, 2: moderate, 3: severe). RESULTS: There were significantly lower incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting in Group O and Group D than in Group N during intra and postoperative 24 hours (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic ondansetron and droperidol had antiemetic effect in cesarean section patients under epidural anesthesia and these effect was observed long after the normal expected duration.
Anesthesia, Epidural* ; Antiemetics ; Cesarean Section ; Droperidol* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Ondansetron* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Pregnancy ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: Thyroidectomy has been a surgical procedure associated with a high incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), and conventional antiemetics cannot prevent PONV effectively. In this study, we compared the efficacy and safety of ondansetron 70 microgram/kg, droperidol 10 microgram/kg and combination of both drugs to placebo in the prevention of PONV. METHODS: Seventy-six patients undergoing thyroidectomy were randomized to receive placebo (Group I, n=20), ondansetron 70 microgram/kg (Group II, n=19), droperidol 10 microgram/kg (Group III, n=18) and combination of both drugs (Group IV, n=19). The effects of these regimens on the incidence and severity of PONV and adverse events were analyzed for the 0 to 1 hour and 1 to 24 hours postoperative periods. RESULTS: In the 0 to 1 hour postoperative periods, the incidence of symptom free (no nausea and retching or vomiting) paients were 60% for placebo, 68.4% for ondansetron (p>0.05 versus placebo group), 88.9% for droperidol (p<0.05 versus placebo group), and 94.7% for combination of both drugs (p<0.05 versus placebo and ondansetron group). In the 1 to 24 hours postoperative period, the incidence of symptom free patients were 35% for placebo, 52.6% for ondansetron (p>0.05 versus placebo group), 77.8% for droperidol (p<0.05 versus placebo group), and 78.9% for combination of both drugs (p<0.05 versus placebo group). Overall, during the first 24 hours postoperatively, the incidence of symptom free patients were 30% for placebo, 42.1% for ondansetron (p>0.05 versus placebo group), 77.8% for droperidol (p<0.05 versus placebo and ondansetron group), and 73.7% for combination of both drugs (p<0.05 versus placebo and ondansetron group). Also, there were no significant differences between the droperidol and droperidol plus ondansetron group. Among the side effects associated with antiemetics, headache and dizziness incidence was higher. CONCLUSIONS: Droperidol and combination of ondansetron plus droperidol was superior to placebo, and ondansetron for prevention of PONV during the first 24 hours postoperative period.
Antiemetics* ; Dizziness ; Droperidol* ; Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Ondansetron* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting ; Postoperative Period ; Thyroidectomy*

Postoperative nausea and vomiting is a troublesome problem in pediatric patients undergo- ing strabismus surgery. We compared the effects of ondansetron with those of droperidol and placebo within the 24hrs postoperative period. 54 children, who admitted to Presbyteri- an Medical Center to receive strabismus operations, with ASA physical status 1, were as- signed to one of three groups according to uncontrolled parallel comparative study design. A standard anesthetic technique consisting of thiopental-vecuronium for induction and N2O-O2-enflurane for maintenance of anesthesia was used. The data showed that ondansetron 0. 067mg/kg i.v. before induction was significantly more effective in preventing emesis (n=19, 100%) than placebo(n=17, 58.8%). But, there was no significant difference between droperidol group and placebo group. In conclusion, ondansetron(0.067mg/kg) given intravenously before induction to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing elective strabismus surgery in children was effective.
Anesthesia ; Child* ; Droperidol* ; Humans ; Nausea ; Ondansetron* ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting* ; Postoperative Period ; Strabismus* ; Vomiting

The authors have introduced a method of Thalamonai dripping with concomitant use of small doses of Pentothal for rapid and smooth loss of consciousness and induction of anesthesia, and maintaining anesthesia with intermittent injections of Thalamonal and Pavulon as well as N2O inhnlation. From 21 cases, the following results were obtained: 1) Average dose of fentanyl as a premedicant was l. 143ug/kg (Thalamonal, 0. 023cc/kg). 2) Average dose of fentanyl during induction of anesthesia was 3. 48ug/kg (ThaJamonal, 0, 695 cc/10kg), and concomitant injection of Pentothal (average, l. 83mg/kg) achieved rapid and smooth induction of anesthesia. During induction, changes of blood pressure and pulse rate were insignificant. 3) Intermittent injections of Thalamonal for maintenance of anesthesia were needed at every 30 minute interval, and average dose of fentanyl was 0.64ug/kg/30min. 4) Seventeen cases among 21 recovered promptly after discontinuation of N2O, and the recovery was delayed in the, remainder. Two patients had awareness without pain during operation, Delayed recovery of consciousness seemed related to overdosage of the droperidol component in Thalamonal, but not to total operating time.
Anesthesia* ; Blood Pressure ; Consciousness ; Droperidol ; Fentanyl ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Methods ; Pancuronium ; Thiopental ; Unconsciousness