Cannabis sativa, also known as marijuana or hemp, is an annual herb which belongs to Cannabinaceae family. It is often dioecious, originally produced in Central Asia and now is widely distributed in the world, wild or cultivated, with many varieties. As an ancient plant, C.sativa has been used for thousands of years, and its fiber has been used in many aspects, but it is also widely disputed because it contains tetrahydrocannabinol(THC), a psychoactive ingredient. It has been listed as one of the three major drugs by "United Nations Drug Convention", along with heroin and cocaine. Nowadays, with the deepening and comprehensive understanding of C.sativa, it has been widely studied because of its great economic value in the fields of textile, chemicals for daily use, medicine and so on. In this paper, the literature about the chemical compositios and species variation of C.sativa at home and abroad was reviewed in order to provide some reference for its researches.
Cannabis ; Dronabinol

The etiology of pterygium has given rise to much discussion, innumerable factors has been inculpated. Surgical treatment with beta radiation is at present thc only satisfactory approach, but no surgical technique is universally accepted as being perfect. Recurrences of pterygium are distressing, for the pterygium grows again at a rapid pace and may scon become as large or larger than the original growth. A multiple of different operative techniques has been advocated, but excision of the head of pterygium from the cornea has not been discussed. Author have excised the head of pterygium from limbus to corneal side. Author's method is much more easily and clearly excised than excision of its head from cornea to limbal side.
Beta Particles ; Cornea ; Dronabinol ; Head* ; Pterygium* ; Recurrence

The cutaneous mucinose are a group of connective disorders characterized by the deposition of mucin in the dermis. Thc disease may be a primary (metabolic) or secondary (catabolic). Secondary mucinosis is common in lupus erythematosus and dermatomyositis but rare in morphea. We report a case of guttate morphea with secondary cutaneous mucinosis.
Dermatomyositis ; Dermis ; Dronabinol ; Mucinoses* ; Mucins ; Scleroderma, Localized*

BACKGROUND: Squamous cell caircinoma(SCC) often shows acantholysis as a result of degenerative changes of neoplastic cells. Regurding the acantholytic changes of SCC most textbooks and literature describe the acantholysis-associated tubular or alveolar structures, which are diagnostic features of adenoid SCC. But the acantholytic changes of SCC are not always assaciated with tubular or alveolar structres. The general and detailed histologic features of acantholysis of SCC have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the histologic features of acantholysis of SCC . MEHTODS: Twenty six biopsy specimens from 26 patients with SCC were studied for the distributions and sites of acantholysis such as lefts and tubular or alveolar structurs on routine histologic staining. RESULTS: All 26 biopsy specimens showed acantholysis in their tumors ocal acantholysis was found in 12 cases, and diffuse, widesprcad acantholysis was found in 14 cascs. The foci of acantholysis were in the surface epidermis in 9 cases, in the follicular wall in 5 cases, and in both the surface epidermis and the follicuar wall in 12 cases. The types of acantholytic cells were either dyskeratotic cells or non-dyskeratotic squamous cells. Tuthular or alveolar structures were found in 5 cases. Clefts were found in 12 cases, one in the subcomealarea, the other 11 were within tumor mases, and one of them showed Darier-like feature with papillary projections of neoplastic cells into thc lumens. CONCLUSION: The acantholytic hanges of the SCC are more comrr on y found than expected. The acantholytic changes involve not only dyskeratotic cells but also non-dysL eratotic cells and often show glandular structures and clefts.
Acantholysis* ; Adenoids ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Dronabinol ; Epidermis ; Humans

In order to evaluate the the effectiveness of low-dose longterm Vibramycin (Doxycycline) treatment on Acne Vulgaris, a double-blind study was performed on fifty two patients with Acne Vulgaris. The patients were classified as to the severi.ty of their disease before treatment according to Wand. et al. The degree of the effcctiveness of the treatment was evaluated every other week for 12 weeks on the grounds of clinical improvement. The therapeutic results obtaincd were as follovs: araong the 19 patients who received 50 mg per day for 12 weeks, 13 cases (72.2%) showed excellent improverrent after 6 weeks; whereas in thc placebo group only 4 out of 15 patients (26. 7%) showed good response, Statistical analysis of the data revealed that there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in effectiveness between the Vibrarzycin 50mg per day group and the placebo group. Among the 19 patient who received a 100mg capsile orally per day for 4 weeks (subsequently this group received 50mg per day for 8 weeks) 13 cases.(68.4%) showed excellent improvement in 4 weeks; whereas in the placebo group only 4 cases(26, 7%) showed good respnnse Statistical analysis of this data revealed that there was a significant difference (p<0. 05) in efectivencess the Vibramycin 100mg per day group and the placebo group, It was noted that 44 out of 52 patients (83%) had a distinct family history of the disease, suggesting that there might be a predisposing hereditary factor involvcd in the manifestation of Acne Vulgaris It is concluded f rom this study that Vibramycin, when administrated in a dose of 50mg per day for more than 6 weeks is effective in the treatment of Acne Vulgaris.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Double-Blind Method* ; Doxycycline* ; Dronabinol ; Humans

Diagnosis of dermatophytosis is relatively easy with the typical clinical feature but sometimes we need more studies such as direct microscopy and culture to confirm the diseaee. The direct microscopic test is simple and ra.pid, but the result is often complexing, and the culture needs rnuch experience, skill, and deep knowledge in mycology. In 1959, Taplin et al. devised Dermatophyte Test Medium(DTM) which contains phcnol red as a color indicator for the simplified diagnosis of dermatophytosis. Result can be evaluated by noting the change of the color indicator of the medium. from yellow to red without detailed knowledge of colony morphology. So the non-mycologist can recognize well by color change of the medium. Moreover DTM is superior to Sabouraud medium in eliminating bacterial contamination, allowing a higher recovery rate and early recongnizing, since the color change of the medium begin to appear with the growth of fungus. The cultures were done on DTM and Sabouraud medium in 105 cases of the suspected dermatophytosis. In DTM, dermatophytes were cultured in 53 cases(M. canis 1, T. mentagrophytes 24, T. rubrum 28) and the color changes were observed in all of them. The others were 29 cases of Candida spp. 5 cases of saprophytes, and only one case of bacterial contaminatiion was observed. Compared with DTM, the dermatophytes were cultured in 36 cases and bacterial contamination were 16 csses in Sabouraud medium. The colors of DTM of 53 cases of dermatophytes were changed to red between the second to fourteenth day after culture. In 8 cases of Candida spp. among 29, 3 cases of saprophytes among 5, thc color change of DTM begin to appear after tenth day of culture. So DTM is very useful for the diagnosis of dermatophytosis by unsk;illed personnel under most environmental condition with only redimentary knowledges of colonial morphology to distinguish contaminant fungi and bacteria from dermatophytes.
Arthrodermataceae* ; Bacteria ; Candida ; Diagnosis ; Dronabinol ; Fungi ; Microscopy ; Mycology ; Tinea

BACKGROUND: Acne is a relatively common disorder, especially in the adolescent. The condition is characterizecl by comedones, papules and pusi:ules. Acne patients frequently wash their face. Cleansing with an effective agent is therapeutic and preventive for patients suffering from acne vulgaris. OBJECTIVE: The study was designed to compare thc efficacy and safety of a facial clemser consisting of 1% triclosan and 0.5% Ku Shen and a in in the treatment of facial acne vulgaris. METHODS: The study was camed out on two groups of people: a treatment and a control group. Efficacy and safety were assessed at baseline and at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. Efficacy was determined by investigating counts of non-inflamatory open and closed comedones, and inflamatory papules and pustules. Global improvement was also assessed. RESULTS: At week 12, the mean counts in the differe,nt lesions were as follows; 11.2 versus 17.2 for total lesions (p<0.05); 9.4 versus 11.3 for non-inflammatory lesions (p<0.05); 1.8 versus 5.9 for inflammatory lesions (p<0.05) in the treatment and control group, respectively. A Statistically significant difference was observed in patients overall self-assessment (p<0.05). The Group applying the facial cleanser with 1% triclosan and 0.5% Ku Shen felt significantly better than the one applying the control facial cleanser. Some patients developed mild and transient local side effects. CONCLUSION: Cleansing three times a day with a facial cleanser consisting of l% triclosan and 0.5% Ku Shen was found to be effective ancl safe for patients suffering from acne vulgaris.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Adolescent ; Dronabinol ; Humans ; Self-Assessment ; Triclosan*

Cutaneous horn is a clinica) diagnosis based upon the presence of a large protuberant mass of keratin. We report a case of cutaneous horn arising from keratoacanthoma in a 76-year old woman. The patient showed a dome-shaped nodule 2n in diameter with a central crater on thc right temple area. A yellow brown colored cornical hyperkeratotic protruding lesion(0.7* 0.7cm size) from the central crater of the nodule was also observed. Histopathological findings of the lesions showed charaeteristic findings of keratoacanfhoma and cutaneous horn. The lesion was removed by surgical excision.
Aged ; Animals ; Diagnosis ; Dronabinol ; Female ; Horns* ; Humans ; Keratoacanthoma*

Cannabis sativa,with a long history of cultivation, is a traditional industrial crop widely used for food, textiles, and me-dicine. This study discussed industrial C. sativa and medicinal C. sativa. According to the characteristics of management policies of C. sativa in different periods, we divided the development stages of C. sativa into three stages and analyzed the changes in breeding and cultivation goals under the influence of policies. Meanwhile, a comprehensive analysis was carried out based on the breeding conditions of industrial C. sativa in China. Because of the vast territory of China, the differences in agricultural planting environment, economic development, and social development in the southern and northern areas result in different used parts of C. sativa. To be speci-fic, flowers and leaves are used in Yunnan, fiber in Heilongjiang, and seeds in Shanxi. The breeding of C. sativa varieties highlights fiber, seeds, or both of them. As the value of cannabidiol is explored, medicinal C. sativa has been approved in recent years. Based on the cultivation characteristics and value of industrial C. sativa, it is proposed that industrial C. sativa has a broad application prospect as an important industrial crop, and the existing products contain almost no tetrahydrocannabinol. The cultivation of C. sativa should be rationally guided to promote the development of the C. sativa industry. Moreover, it is recommended to actively apply advanced breeding techniques such as molecular breeding to overcome the problems of the uncertainty of the existing induced breeding and the excessively long hybrid breeding cycle, and develop high value-added applications such as medicinal products of C. sativa to enhance the exploitation of the economic value of C. sativa.
Cannabidiol/analysis* ; Cannabis/genetics* ; China ; Dronabinol ; Plant Breeding

The purpose of this study is to compare the biologic properties of tendon to hone healing and hone to hone healing in knee ligament reconstruction. The lateral 4mm of patellar tendon which was detached from its tihial insertion site either subperiostcally(group I) or with a bone block(group II) was implanted and fixed using pullout method to the proximal tihia. Ten rabbits were killed at each of four time periods (two, four, eight and twelve weeks after the implantation), and the histological and biomechanical characteristics of thc graft healing sites were evaluated. Serial histological analysis of tendon to hone healing group revealed organization of the healing site similar to normal tendon to hone attachment by twelve weeks, while hone to bone healing group demonstrated direct hony union by eight weeks. The tension failure test for the patellapatellar tendon graft - tihia complex revealed that group II had significantly higher values than group I at four and eight weeks. The findings ot this study demonstrated that bone to hone healing has more rapid process than tendon to hone healing, although no significant difference was noted once the healing has matured. We can suggest lhat the duration and extent of postoperative protection of the knee for pntients who had a reconstruction of a ligament using hone - lendon autograft should be longer and higher than lor patients who had a reconstruction using hone - tendon hone autogralf.
Autografts* ; Dronabinol ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Patellar Ligament* ; Rabbits* ; Tendons* ; Transplants