The anatomical structure of vermiform appendix was studied for 124 Korean adult cadavers and the articles were reviewed with special reference to its position and length. The results are as follows ; 1. On the frequency of positional types based on Wakeley (1933), postileal type was recorded most frequently (37.7%) and retrocecal type was found in 19.7% of cases, showing the difference from other ethnic groups whose most frequent position was retrocecal or pelvic type. 2. In the direction of appendix in relation to the clock, the direction between 1 and 3 o'clock was most frequently found. 3. Appendix of fixed form was found in 22.1% of cases, that of free form 77.9%. In free form, postileal type was found most frequently, but retrocecal type was met most frequently in fixed form. 4. The length of appendix was 5.95±1.64 cm (male ; 6.14±1.67 cm ; female 5.59±1.51 cm). Neither significant difference between sex nor positional type was noted. 5. Positions of appendix are seemed to be set up during fetal stage. The Ethnic variation in the positions of appendix is thought to be determined by inherited physical anthropological factor, not by postnatal one.
Adult* ; Appendix* ; Cadaver ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Humans

The basement membrane, as a specialized form of extracellular matrix, is known to influence the development and differentiation of several kinds of organs and tissues. The development of palatal rugae involves morphological changes of oral epithelium, basement membrane (BM), and mesenchymal tissue and, thus, is thought to be one of the model systems of embryonic development. The BM is thought to influence also the rugae development and defferentiation. If so, the components of the BM would change during rugae development. This study was performed to observe the changes of laminin, fibronectin, and collagen type IV in the oral BM during the fetal ages 16~21 by immunohisto-chemistry. The stainability to laminin began to disappear at the anterior portion of the palate on day 17, and at the end of the gestation showed hardly the immunoreactivity to laminin. Along with the decrease of the stainability through the oral apithlium, the BM of rugae area revealed more decreased reactivity to laminin compared to inter-rugal area and such a phenomina could be observed with anterior rugae first and with the middle and posterior rugae thereafter. The stainin pattern of fibronectin was also similar to that of laminin. In case of collagen IV, it maintained the immunoreac-tivity tro collagen IV with a little decrease at the anterior rugae on day 21 of gestation. As was observed, the components of BM, especially the laminin and fibronectin, changed in its immunoreactivity in parallel to the development of the rugae, which enables us to suggest their relationship to the development and differentiation of the rugae.
Basement Membrane ; Collagen ; Collagen Type IV* ; Embryonic Development ; Epithelium* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Female ; Fibronectins* ; Gestational Age ; Laminin* ; Palate* ; Pregnancy

No abstract available.
Animals ; Mice* ; Spleen*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Knee Joint* ; Knee* ; Mice* ; Parturition*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Gene Expression* ; Hypothalamus* ; Immunohistochemistry* ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Rats* ; Vasopressins*

No abstract available.
Fibronectins* ; Paraffin*

No abstract available.
Adult* ; Animals ; Humans ; Liver* ; Population Characteristics* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Erythrocytes* ; Germinal Center* ; Mice* ; Sheep* ; Spleen*

Germinal center (GC) is a critical site where the humoral immune responses take place. Especially memory cells are known to be generated from the GC. In this experiment, T cells observed in the GC were studied in the aspect of memory T cells. T cells responding to myelin basic protein (MBP) antigen usually have their own specific T cell receptor complex (TCR) consisting of V 2 and V 8. Therefore, MBP antigen enables to trace specific T cells reacting to MBP antigen. This experiment, in which balb/c mice were injected with MBP into footpad and the popliteal lymph nodes were removed, showed that most of V 2 +/- cells were L3T4 +/- cells, and that initially they were located in the deep cortex near the B cell follicles and later they were observed in the GC. In case of the primary injection of MBP, IL -4 +/- cells were observed for the first time, followed by appearance of CD69 and CD2R. In case of the secondary injection, all of IL -4, CD25, CD69, CD2R and CTLA -4 were observed from the 1st day after injection. However IL -4, CD25 and CD69 among them were not observed any more since 2 wks after the secondary injection. These results strongly suggest that T cells observed in the GC during the immune responses for MBP might be memory T helper cells.
Animals ; Germinal Center* ; Immunity, Humoral ; Lymph Nodes ; Memory* ; Mice ; Myelin Basic Protein ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; T-Lymphocytes* ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer

This study was performed to described morphology of mitral valve by observing and measuring anatomical structures of mitral valves in Korean which looked normal at autopsy, and to provided basic data the clinical application. The mean circumference of mitral valve annulus was 9.14±1.28cm in males and 8.14±1.18cm in females. The width of anterior cusp was 30.3±0.53cm in males and 2.80±0.53cm in females, and the height was 1.99±0.43cm in males and 1.51±0.39cm in females. The posterior cusp consisted of 3 scallops in 34 hearts and 4 scallops in 4 hearts, and 2 scallops in 2 hearts out of 40 hearts. The middle scallop was largest in 36 hearts out of 40 hearts. The width of posteromedial scallop was 1.18±0.37cm in males and 1.08±0.32cm in females, and the height was 0.97±0.31cm in males and 0.94±0.29cm in females. Thre width of midd1e scallop was 2.08±0.61cm in males and 1.84±0.63cm in feamales, and the height was 1.18±0.32cm in male and 1,11±0.25cm in females. The width of anterolateral scallop was 1.30±0.41cm in males and 1.10±0.43cm in females, and the height was 0.88±0.25cm in males and 0.94±0.33cm in females. In general, the values of male were greater than those of female, although there was no statistical significance. Measurements of this study were generally smaller than those of the Caucasian reported by other investigators. Measurements in male were generally larger than those in female and this result corresponded well to those of other authors.
Adult* ; Autopsy ; Female ; Heart* ; Humans ; Male ; Mitral Valve* ; Pectinidae ; Research Personnel