Objective:To observe dynamic change of phosphorylated tau protein and non phosphorylated tau protein in axon and explore whether GSK3 in serum were related with phosphorylated tau protein in brain of EAE mice.Methods: Mice were randomly divided into six groups:EAE group of acute stage,EAE group of paralytic stage,EAE group of remission stage,control group of acute stage,control group of paralytic stage,control group of remission stage,each group had twelve mice.EAE model were constructed by MOG35-55 peptides in EAE group, the saline was used in control group.The nerve function scores and incidence were observed and compared.We observed degree of brain inflammation by HE staining and measured axons which contained two kinds of tau protein by immunohistochemistry.GSK3 in serum was tested to find correlation with phosphorylated tau protein in brain by ELISA method.Results:Nerve function scores in EAE group were higher than control group.The degree of inflammation damage was more serious in EAE group than control group,gradually enhancing with time.Phosphorylated tau protein in brain gradually increased before mice paralyzing(P<0.01),but it decreased when symptom relieved(P<0.01).GSK3 in serum were correlated with phosphorylated tau protein in brain(r=0.9326,P<0.01),linear regression equation:Y=2.950+0.418X.Conclusion:Phosphorylated tau protein in brain are correlated with axon damage and GSK3 in serum could indirectly reflect axon damage in brain.

Biopsy, Needle ; Genetic Variation ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Specimen Handling

Objective:To explore the difference of emotion recognition ability between impulsive violent criminals and the controls.Methods:Fifty-nine impulsive violent criminals were selected from 90 violent criminals in a prison.The control group consisted of 35 service workers and security guards recruited from a university.The 2 group (impulsive violent criminals group, control group) ×4 emotion (happiness, anger, sadness, fear) hybrid design was used in this study.The emotion recognition score, errors number and changed response number for each of the four emotions, including happiness, anger, sadness and fear, were obtained through an emotional expression multimorph task to investigate the difference of emotion recognition ability between the two groups.Results:Four participants with error rate more than 30％ were excluded.The effective data involved 58 impulsive violent criminals and 32 control subjects.The impulsive violent criminals had significant higher recognition scores of happiness [ (18.6±3.4) vs. (16.4±4.0), P＜0.01] and anger [ (16.2±2.4) vs. (14.1±3.2), P＜0.01] than the control group.In impulsive violent criminals, the recognition scores of facial expressions ranked from high to low were that of happiness, anger, fear and sadness (Ps＜0.05).In the control group, the recognition scores of facial expressions ranked from high to low were that of happiness, anger, fear/sadness (Ps＜0.05), but there was no significant difference between recognition scores of fear and sadness (P＞0.05).Conclusion:It suggests that the impulsive violent criminals might have a higher sensitivity to happy and angry facial expressions.

Objective This study explored the association between air pollution exposure and birth weight by using the multilevel linear model,after controlling related meteorological factors and individual differences of both mothers and babies.Methods Women of childbearing age who were pregnant in Xi'an from 2010 to 2013,were selected as objects of this study.Multistage random sampling method was used to select 4 631 subjects followed by a self-designed questionnaire survey.Data related to quality of air and meteorology were gathered from routine monitoring system.Gestational age and date of birth,together with the average levels of air pollution were calculated for each trimester on each mother,and then the impact of air pollution on birth weight was assessed.A multilevel linear model was employed to investigate the association between the levels of exposure to air pollution by birth weight.Confounding factors were under control.We established three models in this study:Model 1 which involving the variable of air pollution exposure.Model 2 was adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus some other individual differences of both mother and baby.Model 3 was adjusted for variables in Model 2 plus meteorological factors.Results There were significant differences seen in birth weight within the subgroups of gender,gestational age,mother's reproductive age,maternal education,residential areas and family incomes (P＜0.01) of the infants.However,there was no difference found in Model 1 (P＞0.05).Data from Model 3 indicated that a decrease of 13.3 g (10.9 g in Model 2) and 6.6 g (5.9 g in Model 2) in birth weight that were associated with an increase of 10 μg/m3 in the average level of NO2 and PM10 during the second trimester;A decrease of 13.7 g (9.8 g in Model 2) in birth weight was associated with an increase of 10 μg/m3 in the average level of NO2 during the third trimester.Conclusion After controlling for meteorological factors,the levels of exposure to NO2 and PM10 during the second trimester and NO2 during the third trimester were negatively associated with birth weight.

Objective To understand the prevalence of birth defects, related diseases and mental status of women during pregnancy in Shaanxi province and to analyse the major risk factors on birth defects and congenital heart disease. Possible association between maternal diseases or mental status and the risk of birth defects, was also explored. Methods A cross-sectional design was used in this study and stratified multistage random sampling method was used. The whole survey was from Jury 2013 to November 2013. Logistic regression method was used to analyze the association between maternal diseases, mental status during pregnancy and birth defects. Results The overall prevalence of birth defects was 195.04 per 10000 in Shaanxi. Among the 29121 mothers participating in this study, 51.1% developed illness and 6.8%"changed their mental status during pregnancy. After adjusting all the confounding factors, results showed that, histories of cold", fever, and intrahepatic cholestasis were (OR=1.33, 95%CI:1.10-1.61, OR=1.54, 95%CI:1.09-2.16, and OR=32.77, 95%CI:4.08-263.04) respectively, during pregnancy that related to birth defects. Self-reported unstable mental status (OR=1.60, 95%CI: 1.19-2.15) and family friction (OR=2.07, 95%CI: 1.12-3.79) were both related to the birth rates. Histories of cold and fever (OR=1.59, 95%CI:1.28-1.98;OR=1.43, 95%CI:1.48-4.00), during early pregnancy, unstable mental status during mid-pregnant period (OR=1.52, 95%CI:1.05-2.19), unstable mental status during late-pregnant period (OR=1.63, 95%CI:1.05-2.19) and family friction during late-pregnant period (OR=2.89, 95%CI:1.16-7.20) were found to be related to birth defects. Compared with those without history of cold, those with the history of cold during first (OR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.02-1.52) and second stages (OR=2.06, 95%CI: 1.30-3.26) of pregnancy were more likely to bear fetus with birth defects. Compared with those without these histories, those with histories of fever (OR=1.49, 95%CI:1.04-2.13), emotional problem (OR=1.71, 95%CI:1.19-2.45) and related diseases (OR=2.67, 95%CI: 1.32-5.39) during the first period of pregnancy were more likely to bear fetus with birth defects. Conclusion The incidence of birth defects in Shaanxi was high. Histories of cold, fever, unstable mental status and family friction during pregnancy, seemed to have increased the risks of bearing child with birth defects.

Objective:To elucidate the molecular mechanism(s) by which methyl salicylate enhances the skin de-livery of herbal ingredients with diverse lipophilicity.Methods:The toxicity of methyl salicylate on skin cell lines was evaluated using the MTT assay.The Franz diffusion cell method was used to measure the permeability enhancing activities of methyl salicylate for five herbal ingredients with a range of lipophilicities.The interaction between methyl salicylate and the stratum corneum (SC) was observed by using an infrared spectroscopy technique.Moreover,the solu-bilities and SC-vehicle partition coefficient were determined to monitor the impact of methyl salicylate on the drug thermodynamic activities and partition into the SC layer,respectively.Results:Compared with azone (1-dodecylazacycloheptan-2-one),methyl salicylate showed lower toxicity to skin cells in terms of the ICso values.The in vitro skin permeation studies showed that methyl salicylate could greatly improve the cumulative amounts or steady state flux of the selected model drugs with the exception of osthole,which indicated that methyl salicylate was prone to promote the skin delivery of hydrophilic drugs.The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that methyl salicylate mainly interacted with SC lipids,leading to the disruption of the orderly arrangement of the SC.In addition,methyl salicylate had no obvious effect on the drug thermodynamic activity and partition into the SC.Conclusion:Methyl salicylate could effectively promote the skin delivery of relatively hydrophilic in-gredients in externally used traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) without obvious cytotoxicity.

Host cell residue DNA is one of the most common impurity which can affect the safety of biological products,therefore,domestic and international regulatory agencies have required the limit for host cell residue DNA in different biological products,either at the final product qualification or the appropriate intermediate control stage.The removal effect is verified by monitoring the residue DNA of products in different production stages,which is beneficial for assuring the scientificity and stability of the production process.In order to strengthen the understanding of control strategy about host cell residual DNA,the paper reviews progress in host cell residual DNA in biological products by authors'work experience and other's research,which provides reference for future work.

Objective To provide the experimental basis for the subsequent genetic diversity research through establishing and optimizing the inter-simple sequence repeat PCR (ISSR-PCR) reaction system of Gnaphalium affine. Methods The single-factor experimental method and full experimental method were used to optimize the ISSR-PCR reaction system of Gnaphalium affine. Under the optimal system, after screening primers and corresponding annealing temperatures, the systematic feasibility was verified. Results The optimal ISSR-PCR reaction system was consisted of 10 μl Premix Taq DNA polymerase, 0.3 μmol/L primer, 10 ng DNA template, and sterilized water added to 20 μl. Finally, 10 primers were screened from 100 universal primers, and verification results indicated the system had high stability, good reproducibility, and the selected primers had good polymorphism. Conclusion The ISSR-PCR amplification system of Gnaphalium affine was established for the first time and the primers with appropriate annealing temperatures were filtered out, which provided a reference for the subsequent genetic diversity research of Gnaphalium affine.

【Objective】 To investigate the relationship between maternal oral health behavior during pregnancy and premature birth. 【Methods】 A total of 248 preterm and 700 non-preterm pregnant women who delivered in Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital in Shaanxi Province from January to December 2022 were included in case group and control group, respectively. General demographic characteristics and oral health behavior during pregnancy were collected by questionnaires, and the oral health impact profile-14 (OHIP-14) was used to assess the oral health related life quality of pregnant women. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between maternal oral health behavior during pregnancy and premature birth. 【Results】 During pregnancy, maternal frequent eating after brushing teeth (OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.03-2.57), unused fluoride toothpaste (OR=2.03, 95%CI: 1.25-3.05), late visit to the doctor for oral discomfort (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.02-1.96), brushing teeth less than twice one day (OR=1.77, 95%CI: 1.13-2.78) or less than 3 minutes each time (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.09-2.11), and elevated OHIP-14 score (OR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.04-1.10) increased the risk of premature birth. 【Conclusion】 Poor oral health behavior during pregnancy may increase the risk of premature birth. Therefore, more efforts should be made to publicize oral health knowledge and guide pregnant women to establish good oral health habits so as to improve oral health and promote maternal and child health.

【Objective】 To explore the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and mid-pregnancy blood glucose levels on gestational weeks in Northwestern China. 【Methods】 For this prospective cohort study, we recruited the first-trimester pregnant women who underwent obstetrical examinations at Northwest Women’s and Children’s Hospital from July 2018 to July 2019 as the cohort. We investigated their socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, we collected the OGTT test results of pregnant women in mid-pregnancy and followed up their pregnancy outcomes. The relationship of GDM and blood glucose levels with gestational weeks was analyzed by using the generalized linear model. 【Results】 A total of 2 434 subjects were included in this study. There were 668 pregnant women with GDM, with a ratio of 27.44%. GDM in pregnant women shortened the gestational weeks (β=-0.17, 95% CI: -0.28—-0.05). Fasting blood glucose, OGTT-1 h blood glucose, and OGTT-2 h blood glucose increased by 1 mmol/L; gestational weeks were shortened by 0.17 (95% CI: -0.28—-0.05), 0.05 (95% CI: -0.09—-0.02) and 0.07 (95% CI: -0.12—-0.03). Fasting blood glucose and OGTT-1 h blood glucose abnormalities shortened gestational weeks by 0.18 (95% CI: -0.31—-0.05) and 0.28 (95% CI: -0.47—-0.10) respectively. An increase by 1 mmol/L or abnormality of fasting blood glucose would increase preterm delivery risk by 1.44 (95% CI: 1.01-2.06) and 1.73 times (95% CI: 1.10-2.69), respectively. 【Conclusion】 GDM in pregnant women may shorten their gestational weeks; the abnormal and elevated fasting blood glucose, in particular, would increase the risk of preterm delivery. Therefore, we should carry out active health education to control the blood glucose and other risk factors of GDM patients and promote healthy pregnancy.