During surgery and radiation therapy,demands for higher quality of quantification and visualization of cerebral vessels need to be met.Hence,automatic (or semi-automatic) extractions of accurate cerebral vessel information seem particularly important.This paper reviews the cerebral vessel segmentation methods used in recent years,including statistics-based segmentation,deformable model,multi-scale method,prior knowledgebased method,and so on.The methods are divided into the following three categories:voxel intensity based approach,vascular tubular structure based approach,and prior knowledge-based approach.

In recent years,the basal and clinical research in gonadal dysgenesis has achieved great progress.Considerable literatures concerning the diagnosis and therapy of these diseases have been published.In this review,we analyzed and summarized some more instructive literatures for clinical practice,discussed the problems and defects in gonadal dysgenesis research in China,and proposed some suggestions.

Radiotherapy alone and local excision combined with radiotherapy have been alternative treatments of early rectal carcinoma resection.Compared with radical surgery,both radiotherapy alone and local excision combined with radiotherapy can get satisfactory effect,and prevent the high rate of complications and adverse reactions,which will improve the quality of life for patients with rectal carcinoma and should be recommended.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of naringin and neonaringin in Biantong Capsule .Methods The HPLC analysis was performed on a Zorbax Extend C18Column(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm), Acetonitrile-0.1 % phosphoric acid (20:80)as mobile phase, the detective wavelength was at 283 nm, flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 30℃.Results Naringin and neohes peridin showed a good linear relationship with range in 0.1147-2.867μg, 0.0807-2.0169μg, respectively.The recovery were 98.7 %and 98.4 %.Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, accurate and reliable.And it can be applied to control the quality of Biantong Capsule.

Objective To get a general idea of the knowing level of knowledge and policies related to voluntary blood donation among rural residents,and to explore factors influencing their willingness of voluntary blood donation.Methods Three natural villages were randomly chosen in the north,middle and south of Anhui province as the investigation sites in Jan.2008.Data were collected by interviewing the target people,as well as using a self-designed questionnaire.A total of 724 people were interviewed and 620 valid questionnaires were obtained,with an effective retrieval rate of 85.6%.Results The score of voluntary blood donation knowledge among rural residents was 19.26?3.987,and the score of relevant policy knowledge was 5.85?2.154.There were significant differences in knowledge of both voluntary blood donation and relevant policies among different age groups.Residents with different education levels also differed significantly in knowledge of relevant policies.Logistic analysis indicated that age,education and knowing level of relevant policies were the factors that had influence people's willingness of voluntary blood donation.Conclusion Knowing level of voluntary blood donation knowledge is high among rural residents while the policy knowledge level is low.Willingness of blood donation among the group of age 25 to 34 is obviously higher than that of the group of age 18 to 24;willingness of people with middle school education background is lower than illiterate people;the higher the knowledge level,the higher of people's willingness.

Objective　To investigate whether or not the antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can supresses the protein expression of VEGF.Methods　SMMC 7721 is a cell line that expresses VEGF.Therefore the medium conditioned by SMMC 7721 stimulates proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC).Synthesized antisense ODN complementary to one region of VEGF mRNA was added into the medium of SMMC 7721.The expression of VEGF and the stimulation effect of SMMC 7721 was then determined.Result　It was found that by means of inhibition of VEGF expression,the stimulation effect of SMMC 7721 was inhibited by the VEGF antisense ODN in a dose-dependent manner.At a dosage of 1,2.5,5,10μmol/L,the inhibition rate was 63.2%,82.4%,210% and 287.5%,respectively.Conclusion　It is promising that VEGF antisense ODN works as a new gene therapeutic modaliey for antiangiogenesis of HCC.

Podcast,a versatile web-based technology,has been widely employed in international nursing education.In China,however,it is only applied based on its video-related function.The other functions,such as subscribing,participating,mobile,and sharing learning option have not been fully exploited.The studies on application of podcast demonstrate that it can excite the learning interest,alleviate stress and anxiety,and enhance the preclinical educational experience.Moreover,it facilitates the self-study ability.Therefore the podcast is expected to be applied more widely in the domestic nursing education.

Objective To explore the role of endotoxin during hepatic ischemia reperfusion (HIR) in rats. Methods Wister rats were randomly divided into endotoxin, HIR and HIR plus endotoxin (HIRE) groups. In the HIR group, hepatic reperfusion was performed after 60 minutes of ischemia by interruption of the arterial and portal venous blood supply to the left lobes and middle lobes of the rat liver. In the HIRE group, LPS(1.0mg/kg) was injected via the dorsum vein of rat penis after ischemia and reperfusion. In the endotoxin group, LPS (1.0mg/kg) was injected via the dorsum vein of penis in the rats without ischemia and reperfusion. The NF-?B activities in the liver tissue of the rats were determined with EMSA. TNF-? expression levels in the liver tissue of the were measured with immunohistochemical staining. Serum ALT levels of the rats were also measured. Results NF-?B activity increased after reperfusion and remained high 12h after reperfusion in HIRE group compared with endotoxin group and HIR group. Both TNF-? expression levels and serum ALT levels increased markedly after reperfusion in HIRE group. Conclusion Endotoxin during HIR could induce hepatic injury. Endotoxin induced liver injury possibly by activating NF-?B followed by the subsequent expression of proinflammatory mediators in the liver tissue.

Objective To sum up the experience of donor hepatectomy in living-related liver transplantation.Methods From 1997 to 2001, donor hepatectomy was performed on 3 cases of left lateral segmentectomy at Xijing Hospital, Xi'an. Two living-related liver transplantations and one living-related auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation were carried out. The surgical technique of donor operations consisted of mobilization of the liver lobe, hilar dissection, transection of the liver using ultrasonic dissector without inflow or outflow vascular occlusion. Results The donor operation took 5.0?h to 6.5?h. The blood loss was 200?ml to 400?ml. No complication occurred in all donors. The function of the donor liver in all donors were normal. Conclusions Donor hepatectomy of left lateral segment can be a safe operation provided. Good surgical technique and appropriate preservation are key points to success of the liver transplantation.

[Objective]To study the effect of TGF?1 on the expression of fibronectin and ?1 integrin receptor in chronic viral myocarditis of myocardial fibrosis induced by repeated virus infection and the interventional effect of QingXin.[Methods] Establish mice model of myocardial fibrosis in chronic stage of viralmyocarditis,then divide the mice model into model group,captopril group,QingXinⅡ high dose,medium dose and low dose groups.The normal group and model group are given saline through stomach perfusing,as well as the treated group are given respectively captopril and QingXinⅡ high,medium and low dose in the same way.After the treatment,hearts are collected,CVB3-RNA are detected by RT-PCR,TGF?1 and FN are detected by immunohistochemical technique,integrin?1 are analyzed by immunofluorescence staining-confocal laser scanning.[Results] After having done the model,TGF?1,integrin?1,FN has increased obviously;virus can be detected in themyocardium by RT-PCR;after the intervention of QingXinⅡ,TGF?1,integrin?1,FN has decreased,virus has reduced in treated group.[Conclusion] Virus,TGF?1,integrin?1 and FN have important effects on the formation ofmyocardial fibrosis;QingXinⅡ has the function of antivirus and anti-myocardial fibrosis.