OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility on coagulase negative staphylococci(CNS) in Xiangya Hospital and to investigate the role of slime in the resistance mechanism of biofilms.METHODS To isolate and identify CNS from clinical(specimens).The susceptibility of 15 antibiotics was tested by the disc diffusion method.The quantity of slime(produced) by CNS was measured by the colorimetric method.Slime was isolated from selected strains of CNS and analyzed by SDS-PAGE.The MICs to vancomycin,gentamicin and rifampin were determined with and(without) the addition of extracted slime by a standard microtiter method.RESULTS Of all these 15 antibiotics,the highest resistance to CNS was penicillin,followed by erythromycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.CNS was more susceptible to ampicillin/sulbactam and rifampin.None was resistant to vancomycin.All of 158 CNS,except one strain,could produce slime.There was a statistical difference between the quantities of slime produced by CNS that produced high and low quantity slime.However,there was a non-statistical difference of resistance to these 15 antibiotics of above CNS. There was an increase in the MICs to vancomycin and gentamicin,but no in the MIC to rifampin,in the absence of 20mg/ml extracted slime.The extracted slime seemed to be similar to the glycosaminoglycans(GAG);it had mobility similar to that of chondroitin sulfate.CONCLUSIONS CNS can(produce slime) on some condition,universally,then to form biofilms.However,in vitro susceptibility testing(employed) cannot really reflect the susceptibility of bacteria in biofilms in vivo.Slime can increase the MICs to vancomycin and gentamicin because of interference with either the antimicrobial action of these drugs or the(perfusion) of these drugs through the medium to increase the resistance of biofilms.It does not affect the MIC to rifampin.

An indexing system is constructed,based on the implementation of prevention and control technology for chronic non-communicable diseases in community health service institutions,using both literature review and Delphi method,and using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to calculate the weight of the indexing system.The system comprises three level-1 indexes,8 level-2 indexes and 33 level-3 indexes.The research proposed a transition from emphasis of therapeutic means to prevention,and emphasis on prevention and control technologies to the high-risk population in the prevention and control technology of chronic non-communicable diseases,along with development of techniques and measures to encourage behavioral changes of the population with chronic diseases.

Objective: To establish a risk prediction model and scoring system in patients with side branch (SB) occlusion during coronary bifurcation intervention. Methods: A total of 7007 consecutive patients who received percutanenous coronary intervention (PCI) in our hospital from 2012-02 to 2012-07 were recruited and 1545 patients (with 1601 bifurcation lesions) treated by single stent technique or main vessel stenting ifrst strategy were selected for our study. According to weather SB occlusion occurred during operation, the lesions were divided into 2 groups: Non-SB occlusion group,n=1431 and SB occlusion group,n=114. The data set of the ifrst 1200/1601 lesions by time sequence, was used for establishing the risk model and scoring system, the data set of rest 401 lesions was used for model validation. Results: The modeling data set presented that the relationship between pre-operative main vessel plaque and the position of branch vessel, the main blood vessel pre-stenting TIMI grade, the stenosis degree of pre-operative bifurcation nucleus, the angle of pre-operative bifurcation and the ratio of pre-senting stenosis degree of branch diameter and pre-operative main vessel to branch vessel diameter were the independent risk factors for branch occlusion. The risk model ROC=0.80, 95% CI 0.75-0.85, Hosmer-Lemeshow HLP=1.00; the scoring system ROC=0.76, 95% CI 0.71-0.82, HLP=0.12. The validation data set ROC=0.81, 95% CI 0.73-0.89, HLP=0.77; the scoring system ROC=0.77, 95% CI 0.69-0.86, HLP=0.58. The quartile integration of both data sets indicated that the patients with the integration score ≥ 10 had the higher risk for SB occlusion than those with integration score < 10 during the operation,P<0.001. Conclusion: Our research developed a simple and user-friendly system, it may distinguish the patients with high risk of SB occlusion during bifurcation intervention by quantitative stratiifcation of coronary angiographic imaging.

Objective To search specific biomarkers of pathogenic bacteria in patients with sepsis so as to guide early using rationally antibiotic treatment.Methods Prospective survey of 147 patients with sepsis in ICU was carried out from Jan 2012 to Mar 2015.When patients blood culture was positive, clinical data including age, gender, vital signs, blood and, urine routine examination, DIC, blood biochemistry, c-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), microbial detection, etc were recorded.Cultured blood samples were from central venous catheter and peripheral vessel.ELISA method was employed to detect soluble toll-like receptor 2 ( sTLR2 ) and interleukin-8 ( IL-8 ) , and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ( APACHEⅡ score ) was calculated.The chi-square test and analysis of variance were performed where necessary.Receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curves were used to calculate cut-points ( CP ) and area under the curve ( AUC) .Results According to the results of blood culture, patients were divided into three groups:GP group [ gram-positive bacteria ( G+) group];GN group [ gram-negative bacteria ( G-) group];FG group ( fungi group) .There were no significantly statistical differences in age, APACHEⅡ score, vital signs and markers of inflammation among three groups (P>0.05).Gram negative pathogenic bacterium was the most common microbe.Compared with GN group, the level of sTLR2 in the GP group was obviously higher ( P=0.000); but there was no significant difference in sTLR2 level between GP group and FG group (P=0.187). The amount of (1, 3) -beta glucan in the FG group was significantly higher than that in the GP group ( P=0.000).The sTLR2 level in FG group was obviously higher than that in the GN group (P=0.000).There were no significantly statistical differences in PCT, CRP and IL-8 among the three groups (P>0.05).For the diagnosis of gram negative bacteria infection, sTLR2 area under the curve was 0.768, and the sensitivity and specificity were 88.90%and 59.60%, respectively and the best cut-off point was 8.083 pg/mL.Namely, the diagnosis of gram negative bacteria infection was less likely, when level of sTLR2 was higher than 8.083 pg/mL.The markers of PCT, CRP, (1, 3) -beta glucan and IL-8 were less valuable for the diagnosis of Gram negative bacteria infection because the area under the curve was less than 0.5.Conclusions The combination of inflammatory indicators such as sTLR2 and (1, 3) -beta glucan etc, can imply the kind of pathogenic microorganisms partly.

Objective To evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of different puncture positions in percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods Three hundred fifty-six patients who underwent PCNL were analyzed from March 2012 to October 2015. The passage caliber was 16F-20F. There were 217 cases in prone position and 139 cases in supine position. Results The successful operation in PCNL was 354 cases , while the remaining 2 cases were performed by open surgery. The primary stone clearance rate was 75.5%. The additional PCNLs were performed in 23 cases, and 63 cases of residual calculi were treated by ESWL. 11 patients were treated due to infection or bleeding by the additional PCNLs. There were 3 cases with massive hemorrhage which were treated by Interventional embolization therapy , 12 cases in postoperative fever , no renal resection , no intestinal injury, no deaths. There was no significant difference in stone clearance rate and complication rate between the two groups. Conclusion The puncture position of PCNL can be optional based on the stone size , stone location, degree of hydronephrosis ,and patient′s cardiopulmonary condition individually.

Purpose:In order to explore the feasibility and efficacy of acupoint-injecting method for marrow inhibition caused by chemical medications. Methods: 110 cases of malignant tumors in the phase of marrow inhibition after arterial chemotherapy were treated by puncturing the acupoints, Zusanli (ST 36), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Xuehai (SP 10) and Qihai (CV 6) plus injection of 5 mg dexamethasone. Results: Acupuncture treatment and acupuncture plus injection of medications can both effectively improve marrow inhibition after chemotherapy, and the therapeutic effect was better in the group by acupuncture plus acupoint-injecting method. Conclusion: Acupuncture can effectively stimulate the acute and short-term marrow inhibition caused by chemical medications, and acupuncture plus acupoint-injecting method can effectively shorten the treatment time and the lower hemogram phase of peripheral blood. The combination of two therapeutic methods can have remarkable cooperative effect and reduce the medical expenses.

Objective To observe the effect of Astragalus injection on the expressions of inflammatory cytokines in human primary macrophages stimulated by lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS),and investigate its effects on inflammatory reactions of Gram-positive (G+) and Gram-negative (G-) bacteria sepsis and its mechanisms.Methods Percoll density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells,then they were purified by immune Anti-Biotin Microbeads with magnetic character and under the induction of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF),the cells were cultivated for 12 days in vitro,eventually the human monocyte-derived macrophage was formed.The cultured human macrophages were inoculated in 96-well plates (each group 3 wells) and 6-well plates (each group 3 wells).The cells were divided into control group (200 μL DMEM added in each well),LTA 1 mg/L group,LPS 0.1 mg/L group and low astragalus injection (0.1 mg/L) and high astragalus injection (0.2 mg/L) dose groups.After the incubator plates were put in an incubator for 24 hours,the protein content of IL-8 and IL-10 in supernatant were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and the mRNA expression levels of IL-8 and IL-10 were detected by real time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR).Results LTA and LPS all can obviously up-regulate the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factor IL-8 and anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 of macrophage.The expressions of IL-8 and IL-10 protein and mRNA in LTA group and LPS group were significantly higher than those in control group after cuhure for 8 hours and 24 hours,the degrees of increment were more significantly at 24 hours [LTA stimute group:IL-8 protein (ng/L,× 103):41.57± 1.90 vs.1.58 ±0.24,IL-8 mRNA (A value):21.49±8.05 vs.1.00±0.16;IL-10 protein (ng/L):5.90±3.02 vs.2.91 ± 1.54,IL-10 mRNA (A value):1.35±0.34 vs.0.95±0.14;LPS stimute group:IL-8 protein (ng/L,× 103):345.00±22.80 vs.5.60±0.31,IL-8 mRNA (A value):29.84 ± 8.93 vs.1.00 ± 0.16,IL-10 protein (ng/L):122.37 ± 39.26 vs.44.79 ± 3.67,IL-10 mRNA (A value):7.38 ± 1.58 vs.1.35 ± 0.34,all P ＜ 0.05].The Astragalus injection could regulate LTA and LPS to stimulate the macrophage to decrease the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factor IL-8 protein and mRNA and increase the expression levels of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 protein and mRNA in the macrophage;the changes of regulatory effect in the 24 hour-culture of Astragalus injection high dose group was the most significant [LTA stimute group:IL-8 protein (ng/L,×103):22.63±1.91 vs.41.57±1.90,IL-8 mRNA (A value):12.10±1.93 vs.21.49±8.05,IL-10 protein (ng/L):14.03±2.22 vs.5.90±3.02,IL-10 mRNA (A value):10.37±6.08 vs.1.35±0.34;LPS stimute group:IL-8 protein (ng/L,× 103):167.75 ± 19.90 vs.345.01 ±22.80,IL-8 mRNA (A value):15.61 ± 3.63 vs.29.84±8.93;IL-10 protein (ng/L):243.22±14.41 vs.122.37±39.26,IL-10 mRNA (A value):16.14±4.10 vs.7.38± 1.58,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions In the process of inflammatory response,the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors co-exist simultaneously.Astragalus injection can inhibit the expression levels of pro-inflammatory factor gene and protein in the inflammatory response of G+ and G-bacteria sepsis and in the mean time,it can promote the expression levels of anti-inflammatory factor gene and protein,thus the immune mechanism of sepsis is affected,achieving the balance between pro-inflammation and anti-inflammation.

Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) infection is dependent on the functions of structural glycoproteins at multiple stages of the viral life cycle. These proteins mediate the initial attachment and fusion events that occur between the viral envelope and a host cell membrane, as well as cell to cell spread of the virus. To characterize the HHV-7 glycoproteins that can mediate cell fusion, a cell-based fusion assay was used. 293T cells expressing the HHV-7 glycoproteins of interest along with a luciferase reporter gene under the control of the T7 promoter were cocultivated with SupT1 cells transfected with T7 RNA polymerase. HHV-7 glycoproteins gB, gH, gL and gO can mediate the fusion of 293T cells with SupT1 cells, and the fusion can be inhibited by anti-CD4 mAbs. Thus, the coexpression of HHV-7 gB, gO, gH and gL is sufficient and necessary for HHV-7 induced membrane fusion, and one of these glycoproteins or protein complex formed by these glycoproteins might be the ligand(s) of CD4 molecule.

Lipase of 54/923 cases increased in viral hepatitis group with an abnormal rate of 5.85％.Lipase level of viral hepatitis patients gradually increased with the rising total bilirubin levels,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.0l).Among 54 viral hepatitis cases with elevated lipase,11 died.The sustained abnormal rate of lipase (6/11) of the death group was statistically significant vs.4.65％ (2/43) of the survival group(P ＜0.01).Thus viral hepatitis could be concomitant with elevated lipase and elevated lipase might promote the progression of liver disease.The continuing rise of lipase is correlated with the severity and prognosis of the patients.

Objective To study whether there is a correlation between the content of neutrophil gelatinase-asociated lipocalin (NGAL) and extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) in patients with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by septic shock.Methods We prospectively collected 110 patients with septic shock from December 2013 to June 2015,who had already completed the initial fluid resuscitation within 6 hours according to the guide.In accordance with whether combined with ALI,patients were divided into two groups:non ALI group was A group (n =61),and ALI group was B group (n =49).Baseline information,EVLWI and other indexes of hemodynamic monitored by PICCO of each group was collected prior to admission in intensive care unit.EVWI and the content of NGAL in alveolar lavage fluid,which detected by ELISA,were gathered after the initial fluid resuscitation.Results There were no significant differences at the baseline level between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The risk factors of EVLWI in patients with septic shock were analyzed by multivariate linear regression analysis.The risk factors contained fluid balance,NGAL,cardiac index (CI),Global end diastolic volume index (GEDI),human albumin (ALB),globulin (GLO).The results showed that EVLWI had linear regression with NGAL and GEDI.The equation of linear regression were Y(NGAL) =2.017 + 0.035X,and Y(GEDt) =-0.671 + 0.004X,respectively.Correlation analysis indicated that there was significantly positive correlation between EVLWI and GEDI (r=0.835,P=0.000)and between NGAL and GEDI (r=0.489,P=0.000).In contrast,after immobilization of GEDI,we did not find any significant correlation between EVLWI and NGAL (r =0.381,P =0.060).Conclusions In case of fluid infusion volume is relatively too much,there is a strong correlation between NGAL in alveolar lavage fluid and EVLWI levels for early fluid resuscitation in patients with sepetic shock.