During surgery and radiation therapy,demands for higher quality of quantification and visualization of cerebral vessels need to be met.Hence,automatic (or semi-automatic) extractions of accurate cerebral vessel information seem particularly important.This paper reviews the cerebral vessel segmentation methods used in recent years,including statistics-based segmentation,deformable model,multi-scale method,prior knowledgebased method,and so on.The methods are divided into the following three categories:voxel intensity based approach,vascular tubular structure based approach,and prior knowledge-based approach.

Radiotherapy alone and local excision combined with radiotherapy have been alternative treatments of early rectal carcinoma resection.Compared with radical surgery,both radiotherapy alone and local excision combined with radiotherapy can get satisfactory effect,and prevent the high rate of complications and adverse reactions,which will improve the quality of life for patients with rectal carcinoma and should be recommended.

In recent years,the basal and clinical research in gonadal dysgenesis has achieved great progress.Considerable literatures concerning the diagnosis and therapy of these diseases have been published.In this review,we analyzed and summarized some more instructive literatures for clinical practice,discussed the problems and defects in gonadal dysgenesis research in China,and proposed some suggestions.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of naringin and neonaringin in Biantong Capsule .Methods The HPLC analysis was performed on a Zorbax Extend C18Column(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5μm), Acetonitrile-0.1 % phosphoric acid (20:80)as mobile phase, the detective wavelength was at 283 nm, flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 30℃.Results Naringin and neohes peridin showed a good linear relationship with range in 0.1147-2.867μg, 0.0807-2.0169μg, respectively.The recovery were 98.7 %and 98.4 %.Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, accurate and reliable.And it can be applied to control the quality of Biantong Capsule.

Objective　To investigate whether or not the antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can supresses the protein expression of VEGF.Methods　SMMC 7721 is a cell line that expresses VEGF.Therefore the medium conditioned by SMMC 7721 stimulates proliferation of bovine aortic endothelial cell (BAEC).Synthesized antisense ODN complementary to one region of VEGF mRNA was added into the medium of SMMC 7721.The expression of VEGF and the stimulation effect of SMMC 7721 was then determined.Result　It was found that by means of inhibition of VEGF expression,the stimulation effect of SMMC 7721 was inhibited by the VEGF antisense ODN in a dose-dependent manner.At a dosage of 1,2.5,5,10μmol/L,the inhibition rate was 63.2%,82.4%,210% and 287.5%,respectively.Conclusion　It is promising that VEGF antisense ODN works as a new gene therapeutic modaliey for antiangiogenesis of HCC.

Background The novel dynamic biomechanical device Corvis ST can measure a variety of corneal deformation parameters and record the dynamic process of cornea deformation.Understanding various corneal deformation parameters is of important clinical significance for morphological and functional prediction for myopic eyes in corneal refractive surgery.However,the range and meaning of corneal deformation parameters in myopic eyes are still unknown.Objective This study was to establish the range of corneal defamation parameters by Corvis ST and explore its clinical significance in myopic eyes.Methods A descriptive study was designed under the approval of Ethic Committee of Tianjin Eye Hospital and informed consent of patients.This study protocol complied with Helsinki Declaration.Four hundred and seventy-seven eyes of 257 myopic patients who were going to receive corneal refractive surgery were included in Tianjin Eye Hospital from June 2014 to January 2015.The corneal deformation parameters including the first applanation time (1st A-time),first applanation lengh (1 st A-length),first applanation velocity (1 st A-velocity),second applanation time (2nd A-time),second applanation length (2nd A-length),second applanation velocity (2nd A-velocity),highest concavity time (HC-time),highest concavity deformation amplitude (HC-DA),highest concavity peak distance (HC-PD),highest concavity radius (HC-R),non-contact intraocular pressure (IOPnct) and the central corneal thickness (CCTst) were measured by Corvis ST.Corneal structural parameters including CCT and corneal curvature were measured by 3-D anterior segment analysis system (Pentacam),and corneal biomechanical parameters including corneal resistance factor (CRF),corneal hysteresis (CH),intraocular pressure mimic Goldmann (IOPg) and intraocular pressure of corneal compensation (IOPcc) were measured by Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA).The distributions of the data were tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test and 95％ confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.The correlations of the variables were evaluated by Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman rank correlation coefficient.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the changes of 1st A-time,2nd A-time and HC-DA with corneal morphology and biomechanical parameters.Resnlts Only 1st A-time,2ndA-time,HC-time,HC-DA,CCTst and IOPnct showed the normality distribution in corneal deformation parameters.The positive correlations were found between 1st A-time,1st A-length,2nd A-length,2nd A-velocity,HC-R with CCT (r=0.338,rs=0.129,rs=0.282,rs =0.374,r=0.306,all at P＜0.01),while 1st A-velocity,2nd A-time,HC-D and HC-PD showed the negative correlations with CCT (rs =-0.235,r=-0.130,r=-0.259,r=-0.226,all at P＜0.01).CRF and CH showed positive correlations with 1st A-time,2nd A-length,2nd A-velocity,HC-time,HC-R and negative correlations with HC-PD,△A-length (all at P＜0.05).1st A-time,2nd A-time and HC-DA changed with CRF and IOPcc with the regression formations of 1st A-time =6.185+0.066CRF+0.034IOPec (F=300.123,P =0.000),2nd A-time=23.397-0.074IOPec-0.044CRF (F=227.979,P=0.000) and HC-DA =1.523-0.017IOPcc-0.017CRF (F=152.662,P=0.000).The CCTst,IOPst and IOPnct values by Corvis ST were significantly lower than CCT by Pentacam ([548.23±26.31] μm,IOPg ([15.02±2.72]mmHg and ([16.02-±2.56]mmHg) by ORA respectively (t =11.00,2.919,6.815,all at P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The corneal deformation parameters by Corvis ST can quantitatively describe corneal biomechanical properties in myopic eyes.Both IOP and the corneal steep curvature of the 3 mm center area (K2) affect the deformation response of cornea.The reliability of Corvis ST in the measurement of CCT and IOP remains to be further studied.

[Objective]To investigate the late results of pedicle screw system and cage fixation for lumbar broken isthmus spondylolisthesis.[Method]Totally 86 patients with broken isthmus spondylolisthesis were collected and analyzed from October 1996 to October 2002,they were all reduced and fixed with pedicle screw system and cage.Group 1,62 patients were put one cage in the interbody at an angle of 45 degree from posterior to anterior,while Group 2,24 patients were put two cages in the interbody vertically from posterior to anterior.The height of interbody and the most proximal interbody' s height were measured,the rate was calculated.These rate were acquired preoperatively,2 weeks postoperatively and follow-up period respectively.[Result]The follow-up period was 24~96 months,averaged 35 months.The excellent and good rates were 80.23 per cent,according to Nakai standard.Ninteen patients with one degree spondylolisthesis were reduced anatomically after surgery.Fifty-one patients with two degree spondylolisthesis were reduced anatomically except 5 patients with one degree spondylolisthesis left.Sixteen patients with three degree spondylolisthesis were reduced anatomically except 4 patients with one degree spondylolisthesis left.There were loss of spondylolisthesis reduction at follow-up period comparing with 2 weeks postoperatively in two groups.However there was no statistical significance between the two groups.[Conclusion]Lumbar spondylolisthesis should be treated with pedicle screw system and cage,which may decrease the complications such as broken screw and spondylolisthesis recurrency postoperatively.One piece of cage is enough to make interbody stable.It is also an ideal procedure for lumbar spondylolisthesis.

[Objective] To evaluate the efficiency of Halovest external immobilization on the treatment of traumatic cervical fracture or dislocation.[Method]From February 1997 to July 2005,129 patients with cervical fracture or dislocation were treated in our hospital;all the patients were divided into two groups randomly.First group: 70 patients were treated with Halo-vest traction,among them 31 patients were treated with Halo vest combined jacket orthosis;others were treated with Halo vests and surgery(anterior route approach 18 cases,posterior route approach 17 cases,4 patients operated by anterior and posterior approach).The second group: 59 patients were treated with skull traction.Among them 13 patients were treated with skull traction and orthosis,others were treated with skull traction and surgery(anterior route approach 22 cases,posterior route approach 20 cases,4 patients operated by anterior and posterior approach).[Result]All the patients were followed 6~48 months(average 12 months).There was no statistical significance in two groups with reduction of upper cervical spine fracture and dislocation.However on the reduction of lower cervical injury groups,the prognosis with Halo-vest is significantly better than the other group.And the time for bed rest was much less than the skull traction.All the patients' spinal cord function improved obviously after treatment.[Conclusion]Halo-vest external fixation is an easy and effective way to treat cervical injuries.It can improve the reduction of the cervical injuries and it's capability of reduction and maintenance are much better than skull traction.

Objective To sum up the experience of donor hepatectomy in living-related liver transplantation.Methods From 1997 to 2001, donor hepatectomy was performed on 3 cases of left lateral segmentectomy at Xijing Hospital, Xi'an. Two living-related liver transplantations and one living-related auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation were carried out. The surgical technique of donor operations consisted of mobilization of the liver lobe, hilar dissection, transection of the liver using ultrasonic dissector without inflow or outflow vascular occlusion. Results The donor operation took 5.0?h to 6.5?h. The blood loss was 200?ml to 400?ml. No complication occurred in all donors. The function of the donor liver in all donors were normal. Conclusions Donor hepatectomy of left lateral segment can be a safe operation provided. Good surgical technique and appropriate preservation are key points to success of the liver transplantation.

[Objective]To study the effect of TGF?1 on the expression of fibronectin and ?1 integrin receptor in chronic viral myocarditis of myocardial fibrosis induced by repeated virus infection and the interventional effect of QingXin.[Methods] Establish mice model of myocardial fibrosis in chronic stage of viralmyocarditis,then divide the mice model into model group,captopril group,QingXinⅡ high dose,medium dose and low dose groups.The normal group and model group are given saline through stomach perfusing,as well as the treated group are given respectively captopril and QingXinⅡ high,medium and low dose in the same way.After the treatment,hearts are collected,CVB3-RNA are detected by RT-PCR,TGF?1 and FN are detected by immunohistochemical technique,integrin?1 are analyzed by immunofluorescence staining-confocal laser scanning.[Results] After having done the model,TGF?1,integrin?1,FN has increased obviously;virus can be detected in themyocardium by RT-PCR;after the intervention of QingXinⅡ,TGF?1,integrin?1,FN has decreased,virus has reduced in treated group.[Conclusion] Virus,TGF?1,integrin?1 and FN have important effects on the formation ofmyocardial fibrosis;QingXinⅡ has the function of antivirus and anti-myocardial fibrosis.