Objective To introduce the current status of treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods This summarization paper of SAP was made on literature review. Results During the stage of acute reaction , therapy should be emphasized on non surgical management, such as maintaining the homodynamics ; inhibiting the overexpress of cytokines and pancreatic secretion; administering antibiotics preventively, TPN and improving the function of other damaged organs.The operation timing should be delayed if possible.Thus it could increas the cure rate, decrease complications and the possibility of reopeneration. But in the case of SAP with biliary obstruction, secondary infection with necrosis of pancreas; failure to respond to initial intensive treatment and clinical diagnostic was uncertain, early surgery should be performed. The operation should be easy to be done, ensuring enough drainage, and resolving the obstruction of biliary tract. During the septic stage, besides administerded antibiotics and EN, surgery is primary therapeutic method: necrosectomy and continuous closed lavage were considered as a better treatment of infected necrosis focus, while pancreatic absecess should be drained operatively. During the last stage of residual infection, abdominal abscesses should be drained thoroughly. Conculsions According to the etiology and stage of SAP, comprehesive management guided by "individualized plan"is probably a better strategy of treatment of SAP.

Mammary stem cell is the subpopulation in mamnlary gland,capable of self-renewal and dif-ferentiating into ductal,alveolar and myoepithelial cells.Recently,several laboratories have employed various methods identifying mammary stem cells,including Sca-1,Hoechst dye efflux,CD24,CD3 1-CIM5-Terl19- CD24+CD29hi and so on.which offer a useful tool to elucidate the mechanism of mammary slem cell self-renew- al and design more effective therapies of mammary cancer.

Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect and toxicity of capecitabine and temozolomide in the treatment of advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Methods:A total of 14 patients with stageⅣwell-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET G1/G2/G3) were treated with oral CAPTEM regimen, and the response rate, PFS and adverse effect after treatment were analyzed. All data analyses were performed using software SPSS17.0. Results:These 14 patients were followed-up for more than 2 years. Till Oct 2016, one patient got CR, one patient got PR, four patients got SD. Median progression-free survival was 8.9 months. The two year survival rate was 85.7%. Only one patient experienced grade 3 adverse events. Conclusion:CAPTEM is an effective and well-tolerated salvage regimen for the treatment of advanced well-differentiated pNET.

Switching Mechanism At 5′ end of the RNA Transcript(SMART)is a technology used in biology researching,So far,there is no review only about SMART technology.So,the aim is to investigate the research developments of principles,methods and applications of the SMART technology.Based on some researches and combined with the review of the related literature at home and abroad,it analyzed and evaluated the latest development of the research on SMART.As the applications of the SMART technology expand in many fields day after day,it has been proved that the SMART technology is a very useful and efficient skill to construct full length cDNA library.As more and more researchers know this technology,the advantages of the SMART technology become obvious,and meanwhile the disadvantages of the SMART technology also show up.That is to say,the technology needed to be improved.

Rehabilitation medicine is not the continuation and repetition, but supplement of the clinical medical treatment, and also makes up for its limitations. Medical postgraduate, mastering modern medical theory and clinical skills, should know the basic knowledge and skills of modern rehabilitation medicine well. So it is necessary to bring rehabilitation medicine course into the core curriculum of clinical medicine graduate degree.

Objective To construct a sequence tag library of HepG2 cells by serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Methods Total RNA of HepG2 cells was extracted using a Trizol agent. The double strand cDNA were reverse-translated from mRNA which was isolated from total RNA. According to the protocol of SAGE, a sequence tag library of HepG2 cells was constructed. The transcript, which was represented by each tag, was analyzed by consulting the GenBank and UniGene, and the abundance of the tags was analyzed by SAGE analysis software. Results A total of 14 181 SAGE tags out of 15 586 tags were steadily and effectively amplified and the lengths of the tags were between 200-3000 bp. After sequence analysis of the tags, 2023 specific genes were revealed. Conclusions The use of improved reverse transcription agent kit may guarantee obtaining the full length cDNA, which provides materials for the construction of SAGE library. SAGE is a powerful method to investigate the gene expression profile, and it establishes a foundation for gene researches.

Objective To study the proliferation and differentiation patterns of hepatic stem cells from mice cultured in vitro isolated identify their characteristics.Methods Mice were divided into 5 groups according to the pregnant (embryo days,ED13,ED15 and ED18) or born age (day0 and 3).Hepatic stem cells were isolated and cultured in vitro.The amount of the stem cells as well as their growing situation and differentiation pattern were observed and compared among different groups and markers of stem cells (CD117,CD90.1,CD49f,c-Met),hepatic cells(AFP) were used to identify the cultures.Resulls The cells with best situation of growing as colonies were obtained from ED15 group.Their expression of specific markers suggested that they were hepatic stem cells.The stem cells isolated from ED15 mice in subculturing proliferated in line pattern and differentiated in reverse line pattern.The expression of AFP varied as normal distribution as cell differentiation development.Conclusion Most cells have characteristics of hepatic stem cells isolated from fetal liver and the number of these cells decreases gradually as embryo duration prolongs.The hepatic stem cells proliferate in line pattern and differentiate into hepatic cells after in vitro culture.

[Objective]To study the effect of TGF?1 on the expression of fibronectin and ?1 integrin receptor in chronic viral myocarditis of myocardial fibrosis induced by repeated virus infection and the interventional effect of QingXin.[Methods] Establish mice model of myocardial fibrosis in chronic stage of viralmyocarditis,then divide the mice model into model group,captopril group,QingXinⅡ high dose,medium dose and low dose groups.The normal group and model group are given saline through stomach perfusing,as well as the treated group are given respectively captopril and QingXinⅡ high,medium and low dose in the same way.After the treatment,hearts are collected,CVB3-RNA are detected by RT-PCR,TGF?1 and FN are detected by immunohistochemical technique,integrin?1 are analyzed by immunofluorescence staining-confocal laser scanning.[Results] After having done the model,TGF?1,integrin?1,FN has increased obviously;virus can be detected in themyocardium by RT-PCR;after the intervention of QingXinⅡ,TGF?1,integrin?1,FN has decreased,virus has reduced in treated group.[Conclusion] Virus,TGF?1,integrin?1 and FN have important effects on the formation ofmyocardial fibrosis;QingXinⅡ has the function of antivirus and anti-myocardial fibrosis.

280r/40min). So the PD model was regarded eligible. In the site of lesion in SN, the number and volume of dobaminergic neurons were decreased, and the tissue structure of SN became indistinct, the levels of dopamine (DA), dihydroxyphenylaceticacid (DOPAC), homovanillicacid (HVA) 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleaceticacid (5-HIAA) were more conspicuously reduced than that in uninjured side. TH-immunoreactive cells of substantia nigra compact part were lessened obviously on injured side. The abnormal rotatory behavior of PD rats did not spontaneously disappear during 10 months of continuous observation. Conclusion The PD rat model, which is reproduced by injecting 6-OHDA to selectively destroy dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra of rat, is stable and reliable, and demonstrated similar primary pathological changes of PD.

Objective Non-small-cell lung cancer with ipsilateral mediastinal lymph node metastasis (N2) belongs to heterogeneous subgroup. We analyzed the prognosis of patients with resected N2 NSCLC to determine the clinical significance. Methods The present study comprised 146 consecutive patients whom underwent surgical resection of N2 NSCLC between January 1997 and January 2000. Histological type, location, T primary tumor status, operation mode, clinical N2 (cN2) factor, N2 level(single or multiple), number of positive nodes(N2-num), and the cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy were estimated from the date of operation using the Kaplan-Meier and Log Rank analysis. The Cox regression model evaluated the influence of factors on the survival. Results The 3-and 5-year survival rate of these N2 NSCLC patients were 19.86% and 14.56%, respectively. The patients with tumor in the right lower lobe showed a significantly longer survival than left lobes. The histological type, tumor location, cN2 factor, N2 level and N2-number were associated with survival. A multivariate analysis using Cox regression identified 4 factors of prognosis: tumor site, T status, N2 level and clinical N2 status. Conclusion This article has identified N2 NSCLC subgroups and found that patients with mN2, N2L1 and single N2 have better prognosis.