Introduction: There is an increasing need to study traditional medical sourcebooks and explanatory materials to enrich and develop medicalconcepts and clinical practices. Objectives: To determine nomenclature, origin, and classification of calcite using traditional medical sourcebooks and explanatory materials. Results and conclusion: Although there are many types of calcite, five kinds of calcite namely male, female, son, daughter and neutral can be used for medicines as written in the sourcebooks. These types of calcites should be subdued or burned and processed with horse milk, alcohol, cow milk and animal gallstones in regard to a disease course.

In this study, calcite was tamed by using traditional methods. Crystal structure of calcite in phase shifts was analyzed after burning it in +300º C, +500 º C, +800 º C, +1200 º C, and +1400 ºC by using Shimadzu XRD-7000 X-ray diffractometer, HA1001, and TTK-450 apparatus. Moreover, elements contained in traditionally tamed calcite with enrichment were determined. After taming, calcite turned to bright yellow, flour like soft substance with bitter and sour taste. Results of phase analysis at various temperatures were as following: At +300º C, CaCO3 -84.23%, CaC2-15.77%; at +500 º C, CaCO3 -58.86%, CaC2-14.14%; at +800 º C, CaCO3-23.56%, CaC2 -76.44%, at +1200 º C, CaCO3 - 14% CaC2 -86% and at +1400 º C, CaCO3 -28.11%, CaC2 - 71.89%. By spectrophotometer following elements were determined in tamed calcite with enrichment: Ca-36.12%, Ti-0.0005%, Ni-0.001%, Cu- 0.0003%, Mn-0.03%, and Sr0.015%.

In traditional Mongolian Medicine, materials derived from plants, animals, trees, and minerals are processed by traditional technology to improve their effectiveness and safety. One of mineral-based materials is calcite which is widely used in traditional medicine. Mineral contents of calcite: After processing by traditional technology (taming) with enrichment, calcite turns to bright yellow, small soft microcrystals with bitter taste and smell of milk. Moreover it obtains solubility in water. Various macro- and microelements were determined in tamed calcite including Na, Mg, K, Ca, S, Mn, and Fe. Ca takes the major part (64%) of the elements. Crystal size determined by NANOPHOX (PCCS), GmbH, Sympatec apparatus were 115 nm and 124 nm depending on the traditional technology of processing. Crystal structure of calcite in phase shifts was analyzed after burning it in +300º C, +500 º C, +800 º C, +1200 º C, and +1400 º C by using Shimadzu XRD-7000 X-ray diffractometer, HA- 1001, and TTK-450 apparatus. CaCO3 content (84.23%) was higher at +300º C and +500 º C, while CaC2 content (15.77%) was higher at +800 º C, +1200 º C, and +1400 ºC. Effects of calcite on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer: Gastric ulcer induced by acetic acid in rats was healed completely by tamed calcite within 21 days. Calcite improves bone repair of experimental fracture in rats by increasing Ca and alkaline phosphatase activities. Effects of calcite containing drug Jonsh-5 on experimental femur fracture in rabbits: Jonsh-5 is composed of 5 components including calcite, Cardius crispus, Forsythia suspense, Terminalia Chebula, and Inula helenium. Jonsh-5 increased serum level of alkaline phosphatase after 7 days of fracture. X- ray images showed that healing process of the bone was significantly increased by Jonsh-5 compare to control and Calcium D3-Nycomed treatment. These results were also proved by histological analysis suggesting that Jonsh-5 may promote bone healing in rat model of fracture. Safety of calcite containing drugs: Contents of macro- and microelements, moisture, and substances extractable in water have been determined. Mineral and organic impurities have also been evaluated in Jonsh-5. Bacterial impurity of the drug is within the standard range. Moreover contents of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, and mercury meat the WHO permeated levels of toxic metals.

Background: The physiology and intellectual traits of individuals are interrelated and should be studied comprehensively. In traditional medicine, the teachings of wind (khi), bile (shar), and phlegm (badgan) are considered an integrated system for maintaining health, preventing diseases, diagnosing, and treating illnesses. Aim: Our research is to study students’ physical indicators, body composition, innate characteristics and the relationship between physique and psychological factors. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on relatively healthy individuals, did clinical observations and used a cross-sectional study design. (defined as those experiencing internal physiological changes that do not impair their work capacity or active lifestyle) Results: Participants were aged 19-25 years, with an average age of 21.5. Heights ranged from 149 cm to 198 cm, with an average of 165.7 cm. Weights ranged from 37 kg to 111 kg, with an average of 61.55 kg. The Body Mass Index (BMI) varied between 15.3 and 36.3, with an average of 22.36. The majority of participants were female (76.4%), while male participants accounted for 23.6%. Regarding individual constitutional types, the most common were: predominantly bile with wind characteristics (21.2%), predominantly bile with phlegm characteristics (30.8%), predominantly wind with bile characteristics (19.6%). Stress survey results ranged from a minimum score of 0 to a maximum of 50, with an average score of 20.6, indicating slightly below-average psychological well-being. The correlation between physiological traits and psychological survey scores was R=0.323** (p=0.001), showing a weak but positive correlation. This suggests that below-average psychological well-being is only minimally influenced by physiological traits. Conclusion The stress survey results indicated an average score of 20.6, slightly below the normal psychological index. The correlation between constitutional traits and psychological well-being was weak but positive (R=0.323**, p=0.001). This implies that individual constitutional characteristics have a minimal effect on psychological well-being. In the study of intrinsic unique characteristics, it has been found that certain physical constitution metrics of the participants demonstrate both positive and negative correlations with the majority of body types, indicating that individuals exhibit varying physical constitution characteristics. Additionally, there exists a positive but weak correlation between intrinsic unique characteristics and stress levels, warranting further investigation.

Background: Social development due to fat, fast food, obesity and physical exercise depended on chronic cholecystitis and gallstones, still getting younger in recent years. Yaman Serdeg-3 is used in Mongolian Traditional Medicine for the liver and gallbladder and has been studied to support the excretion of bile. We have created a compound recipe, Yaman Serdeg-3 of Mongolia Traditional medicine, added Saussurea amara (L)DC herbal. Saussurea amara (L). DC is high in biologically active compounds, and pharmacology has investigated the bile-expelling action and the effects of the plant on cell growth. Chronic cholecystitis is a common chronic disease of the biliary tract in clinical patients. Symptoms can be seen in right upper abdominal cramps; some patients can be accompanied by abdominal muscle rigidity, the primary disease. It is caused by a large amount of bile blocking the patient’s gallbladder after the stone blocks the gallbladder duct. In the sac, induced acute cholecystitis was again caused by pathogenic factors to form the disease. Aim: Elucidating the effects of supplemental Yaman serdeg-3 in a gallbladder injury model. Materials and Methods: We received permission for animal experimentation from The Ethics Committee of Mongolia National University of Medical Sciences on the 10th of June 2022. The group created a model gallbladder disease with 0.5% a-naphthyl isothiocyanate [C11H7N5] dose (60 ml/kg), treatment with compound recipe Yaman Serdeg-3 (NYS-3) high dose (2.025 g/ml), medium dose (1.35g/ml), low dose (0.675g/ml), that used to compare URSO 250 (0.0042g/ml) for 21 days. The third group created a model liver disease with a 40% Carbon tetrachloride [CCl4] dose (4 ml/kg), treatment with compound recipe NYS-3 high dose (2.025 g/ml) and that was used to compare Hu gan pian (0.046g/ml) of China medicine for 21 days. Liver tissue pathological sections were collected quickly after blood collection in rats. The liver, stomach, and duodenum tissue on the right page were immersed in 10% neutral formalin and fixed for pathology. Histological examination: The fixed tissue was trimmed, dehydrated, embedded, and cut. After slides, HE staining, sealing, and other procedures, an optical microscope was used to observe. Results: In our study, the structure of the liver tissue cells in the high-dose group of Yaman serdeg-3 was preserved, the vessels had irregular blood vessels, and there was significant infiltration of chronic inflammation in the triple bypass. In this group, we divided the Yaman serged-3 into three groups: low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose. In the model group with liver tissue analysis, the low-dose and medium-dose groups had fewer chronic inflammatory cells in triads and interstitial cells. In contrast, the fact that the high-dose group of Yaman serdeg-3 showed sparse trigeminal and interstitial and very few chronic inflammatory cells indicates that our study met its objectives, and the tissue analysis showed that the high-dose group was more effective. Conclusion During the acute and toxic liver disease model in rats, the inflammation process in the liver cells was high, and watery changes and fatty changes damaged the liver tissue. It has been confirmed that traditional herbal medicine, Yaman serdeg-3, reduced protein and fatty tissue changes in the hepatocyte membrane and accelerated liver and biliary tract regeneration. Furthermore, our study has shown that Yaman serdeg-3 may have stimulated bile secretion dose-dependently and accelerated hepatocyte regeneration. Also, liver tissue analysis of the control group showed significant inflammation in the triad and interstitial cells; blood vessels were filled with blood, and cell structure was preserved. In contrast, the comparison drug group had significant triad inflammation and fewer inflammatory cells in the interstitial cells.

Background: From the perspective of traditional medicine, researchers believe that the individual’s innate quality has a reciprocal effect on the physiological level. The study of body-specific quality differences is important for improving disease risk prediction, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. Therefore, explaining the features of traditional medicine with some physiological parameters and establishing the relationship between them is clinically significant and important for predicting disease risk and developing individualized treatment methods, which is the basis of this research. Aim: To establish the correlation between an individual’s innate unique constitution and specific biochemical indicators. Materials and Methods: The innate unique constitution of individuals was determined using electronic data, and the relationships between their characteristics and levels of uric acid, creatinine, urea, and glucose in the blood were analyzed. Results: A total of 102 participants were included in the study. Among them, the Shar-Khi constitution was the most prevalent, with 28 cases (27.45%), while the Khi-Badgan constitution was the least common, with 13 cases (12.75%). Individuals with the Khi-Shar constitution exhibited the highest urea level at 4.47 ммоль/л, whereas those with the Badgan-Shar constitution had the lowest at 4.15 ммоль/л. The uric acid level was highest in individuals with the Shar-Khi constitution at 316.15 µmol/L and lowest in those with the Badgan-Shar constitution at 261.36 µmol/L (p<0.001). Furthermore, individuals with the Badgan-Khi constitution had the highest creatinine level at 73.51 µmol/L, while those with the Badgan-Shar constitution had the lowest at 63.97 µmol/L (p<0.001). The blood glucose level was highest in individuals with the Khi-Badgan constitution at 4.59 ммоль/л and lowest in those with the Khi-Shar constitution at 4.21 ммоль/л. Kidney function indicators, particularly creatinine, significantly correlated with blood glucose levels (r=0.67, p<0.01). Higher uric acid and creatinine levels were associated with elevated blood glucose levels. These findings suggest that variations in urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels among different unique constitutions could be utilized to predict the risk of kidney disease or diabetes. Conclusion Depending on the individual characteristics of traditional medicine, kidney and blood sugar parameters are different and related to each other, and can assess the state of diabetes and kidney disease. Determining the inherent characteristics of an individual is considered important for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diabetes and kidney disease.