No abstract available.
Bromocriptine* ; Dopamine Agonists* ; Dopamine* ; Fertility* ; Hyperprolactinemia* ; Lisuride*

Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) have been diagnosed easily by nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) and treated effectively with dopamine receptor agonist, benzodiazepine and opioid. However, few reports have objectively assessed the treatment responses. We treated a PLMS patient with clonazepam and pramipexole, and evaluated their efficacy with actigraphy. Clonazepam improved sleep quality without reducing frequency of limb movements, and pramipexole reduced frequency of limb movements without improving sleep quality, results which are consistent with previous study findings. Actigraphy proved useful in evaluation of treatment response of PLMS.
Actigraphy ; Benzodiazepines ; Clonazepam ; Dopamine Agonists ; Extremities* ; Humans ; Polysomnography

Parkinson's disease most often presents after age 60, and patients in this age group are best managed with levodopa therapy as the primary treatment modality. Unlike young-onset parkinsonism (onset Dopamine Agonists ; Dyskinesias ; Humans ; Levodopa ; Parkinson Disease ; Parkinsonian Disorders

Parkinson's disease most often presents after age 60, and patients in this age group are best managed with levodopa therapy as the primary treatment modality. Unlike young-onset parkinsonism (onset Dopamine Agonists ; Dyskinesias ; Humans ; Levodopa ; Parkinson Disease ; Parkinsonian Disorders

Advanced Parkinson's disease is often characterized by poor control of motor features with rapid oscillations between being on, being on with severe dyskinesias, and being off or frozen. As PD progresses, effective symptom control becomes more challenging, and a more complicated drug-regimen may be needed.
OBJECTIVE: The objective was to perform a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of Rotigotine patch as treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease (PD).
METHODS: A systemic literature search was conducted through August 2009. Both the efficacy and srlery endpoints were evaluated.
RESULTS: The use of Rotigotine patch resulted in higher responder rates compared to placebo OR 0.37 (95% CI 0.35, 0.39). However, Rotigotine showed an adverse event profile similar to other dopamine agonists.
CONCLUSION: The use of Rotigotine patch is an effective treatment option for the management of advanced PD but demands more study.

Background: Current medical management of endometriosis leads to suppression of ovulation and will not be helpful for women with endometriosis who are desirous of pregnancy. Thus, drugs that can both treat endometriosis and its associated infertility are highly warranted. Objective: Anti-angiogenic agents are potential drugs for patients with endometriosis and infertility. Among these drugs, dopamine agonist (DA) is promising since it does not interfere with ovulation, is safe, and not teratogenic. The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy and safety of DA for improving reproductive outcomes in women with endometriosis and infertility. Methods: A qualitative narrative review was done from inception to July 31, 2022 using the appropriate MeSH terms in PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrial.gov, and World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Date analysis was through qualitative analysis and synthesis of researches and their outcome measures. Results: No studies used the core outcomes for trials evaluating treatments for infertility associated with endometriosis. All the included articles in the review supported the possible anti-angiogenic effects of DA on the vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] /VEGF receptor system. The use of DA does not have an effect on ovulation and menstrual cyclicity. Studies on safety profile of DA were consistent with existing data. Conclusion Most of studies reviewed demonstrated that DA were effective in reducing endometriotic lesions. However, further research is required to establish whether this anti-angiogenic effect can improve reproductive outcomes in women with endometriosis-associated infertility.
Endometriosis ; Dopamine Agonists ; Infertility ; Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the safety and clinical efficacy of Dihydroergocryptine (DHE) in Parkinson's disease. METHOD: Study subjects were 30 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. DHE was administered orally for 3 months. Parkinsonian severity was assessed by UPDRS, UPDRS-motor score, modified Columbia Rating Scale and the number of finger tapping in both hands for 20 seconds. Patients were asked to report any side-effects related to DHE. Various laboratory tests as well as EKG were performed to exclude possible side-effects. RESULTS: Eight patients were dropped out during the first month of DHE treatment. Although about half of the patients experienced dizziness, indigestion and nausea, most of them were mild and transient. Laboratory tests showed mild and reversible increase in liver enzyme level in 4 patients. Three-month DHE therapy significantly reduced parkinsonian severity that 32%, 44%, 52% reduction of UPDRS, UPDRS-motor and MCRS was observed respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that DHE is a safe and effective dopamine agonist and can be used in treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Dihydroergocryptine* ; Dizziness ; Dopamine ; Dopamine Agonists ; Dyspepsia ; Electrocardiography ; Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Liver ; Nausea ; Parkinson Disease*

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to characterize abnormal cortical activity during sleep in restless legs syndrome (RLS) patients and to determine the effects of treatment with a dopamine agonist. Based on whole-brain electroencephalograms, we attempted to verify alterations in the functional network as well as the spectral power of neural activities during sleep in RLS patients and to determine whether the changes are reversed by treatment with pramipexole. METHODS: Twelve drug-naïve RLS patients participated in the study. Overnight polysomnography was performed before and after treatment: the first recording was made immediately prior to administering the first dose of pramipexole, and the second recording was made 12–16 weeks after commencing pramipexole administration. Sixteen age-matched healthy participants served as a control group. The spectral power and interregional phase synchrony were analyzed in 30-s epochs. The functional characteristics of the cortical network were quantified using graph-theory measures. RESULTS: The delta-band power was significantly increased and the small-world network characteristics in the delta band were disrupted in RLS patients compared to the healthy controls. These abnormalities were successfully treated by dopaminergic medication. The delta-band power was significantly correlated with the RLS severity score in the RLS patients prior to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the spectral and functional network characteristics of neural activities during sleep become abnormal in RLS patients, and these abnormalities can be successfully treated by a dopamine agonist.
Delta Rhythm* ; Dopamine Agonists* ; Dopamine* ; Electroencephalography ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Polysomnography ; Restless Legs Syndrome*

BACKGROUND: Although the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of delusions and visual hallucinations in Parkinson's disease (PD) have been described, the underlying etiology and pathogenesis of those neuropsychiatric manifestations in PD remains a matter of debate. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not delusion is in the same spectrum of dopamine related neuropsychiatric manifestations as visual hallucination is in patients with PD. METHODS: We studied the clinical features of 13 PD patients with delusions and 32 with hallucinations. Patients with a history of psychotic symptoms before the onset of PD were excluded. RESULTS: Age at onset of PD was younger in patients with delusions (56.3+/-8.7 years) than in those with hallucinations (63.9+/-9.2 years) (p=0.019). The level of education was higher in patients with delusions than those with hallucinations (p=0.006). Daily levodopa equivalent dosages were higher in patients with delusions (982+/-653.7 mg/day) than those with hallucinations (559+/-311.2 mg/day) (p=0.002). Dopamine agonists were more frequently used in patients with delusions than in those with hallucinations (p=0.020). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with PD patients with hallucinations, those with delusions were associated with longer disease durations, higher levodopa-equivalent daily doses, and use of dopamine agonists. To evaluate the role of dopaminergic dysfunction for the development of delusions and hallucinations in PD patients, further well- designed prospective studies are needed.
Delusions* ; Dopamine ; Dopamine Agonists ; Education ; Hallucinations* ; Humans ; Levodopa ; Parkinson Disease* ; Pilot Projects*

Hyperprolactinemia is the most common hypothalamo-pituitary disorder encountered in clinical endocrinology. Excluding the drug-induced hyperprolactinemia, the most common cause of this disorder is a pituitary tumor. Prolactinoma is mainly made up of prolactin-secreting cells but pseudoprolactinoma is tumor that does not secrete prolactin itself. The pseudoprolactinoma interrupts the flow of prolactin inhibiting factor, dopamine, from the hypothalamus through the pituitary stalk to the normal pituitary. The differentiation prolactinoma from pseudoprolactinoma is vitally important since true prolactinomas are most commonly responded well in terms of tumor shrinkage to medical treatment using dopamine agonist therapy, whereas pseudoprolactinomas do not. Thus surgical treatment is clearly indicated as first-line treatment if we know that a lesion is a pseudoprolactinoma. We compared prolactinoma with pseudoprolactinoma in clinical and endocrinologic characteristics of 48 cases after immunohistochemical diagnosis. We could not find any differential point of both tumors in clinical and radiological characteristics although some differences were exist. But we had found the relationship between the mean level of pretreatment serum prolactin and the presence of positive immunohistochemical stain for prolactin. The pretreatment serum prolactin level was significantly higher in patients with tumors showing many prolactin immunohistochemical staining cells than in those with none(p<0.05). When the pretreatment serum prolactin exceeded 100ng/ml, the tumors contain 94% of prolactin positive cells in stain. So, if the pretreatment serum prolactin exceeds 100ng/ml, we primarily suspect prolactinoma and medical treatment should be considered. If the pretreatment level below 100ng/ml, we suspect pseudoprolactinoma and surgical treatment should be considered.
Diagnosis ; Dopamine ; Dopamine Agonists ; Endocrinology ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia ; Hypothalamus ; Pituitary Gland ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; Prolactin ; Prolactinoma