No abstract available.
Animals ; Liposarcoma* ; Mice ; Mice, Nude*

No abstract available.
Fetal Death*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Horns* ; Kidney*

BACKGROUND: It is well known that there is an adverse effect of longterm cigarette smoking on pulmonary function. But there are few reports about the effect of different habits of cigarette smoking on pulmonary function. Some smokers think that different habits of cigarette smoking are more safe than athers and this can be, an obstacle to the education of smoking cessation. Therefore, we have obtained applicable basic information for education of smoking cessation by analysing the effects of different habits of cigarette smoking on pulmonary function. METHODS: We surveyed current smokers on different habits of smoking who had performed puhnonary function test at the pulmonary function laboratory of one tertiary hospital in Seoul and pulmonary function test was done as a part of comprehensive health check-up at health promotion center of one secondary hospital at Ulsan from May 1998 to July 1998. We analysed the effects of different habits of cigarette smoking on pulmonary function in 160 subjects who has no specific respiratory disease. RESULTS: The factors were age, height, weight and amount of total smoking that had effect on pulmonary function. There were six different habits of smoking that we could analyse time of first smoking after sleep, average time of one cigarette smoked, current amount of smoking, length of one cigarette smoked, effort to quit smoking, smoking with drinking and all these six habits of sking had no relationship with the results of the pulmonary function test. CONCLUSIONS: The damage in pulmonary function was not protected by different habits of smoking that were previously known to be more safe or healthy. Therefore, we concluded that smoking cessation is the only way to prevent the damage in pulmonary function from cigarette smoking.
Drinking ; Education ; Health Promotion ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Seoul ; Smoke* ; Smoking Cessation ; Smoking* ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Tobacco Products ; Ulsan

BACKGROUND: With proper management, hypertensive patients can maintain their health and prevent complications. But poor compliance is a main problem for management of hypertension. This study was designed to investigate the reasons among hypertensive patients who did not initiate antihypertensive medication despite recommendations. METHODS: Questionnaires were used for hypertensive patients who visited a health care center and an outpatient clinic of family medicine department in a university hospital, from March to July, 1998. The non-medicated(noncompliant)group were those who had not taken antihypertensive drug at all with high blood pressure(higher than 160mmHg at systolic, or 100mmHg at diastolic phase initially and hypertensive range on the follow up), despite doctor's recommendations. The medicated(compliant) group were those hypertensive patients who had taken antihypertensive drug well and visited the clinic regularly at least for 9 months during the recent 12 months. RESULTS: The total number of the noncompliant was 65, and the compliant 57. The mean age of the noncompliant was 50.8, and the compliant 58.0 years old. The mean blood pressure in the noncompliant was 162.6/106.6mmHg, higher than in the compliant 138.1/85.7mmHg. The main reasons refusing antihypertensive drug were fearful feeling for `lifelong medication'(47.7%), followed by complications from drugs(30.8%). The reason for delaying treatment with antihypertensive drug is that the noncompliant showed more tendency to think `It would be the same', or `better than starting medication early' than the compliant. For the complications from drugs, 59.5% of the noncompliant answered. `I'm not sure, but it'll be not good', and those who answered `it'll be not bad to have medication' seemed to be less than in the noncompliant. CONCLUSION: The patients who had been recommended but did not start on medication had less knowledge about the benefits of medication. We can assume that they are refusing antihyper-tensives because of their excessive anxiety about complications of and lifelong medication.
Ambulatory Care Facilities ; Anxiety ; Blood Pressure ; Compliance ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Paclitaxel* ; Radioimmunoassay*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: The herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene (HSV1-tk) is an attractive candidate as a reporter gene in noninvasive reporter gene monitoring system. The HSV1-tk gene was chosen as a reporter gene, because it has been extensively studied, and there are appropriate reporter probes, substrates of HSV1-tk gene product, to apply for HSV1-tk gene imaging. We used radiolabeled 5-iodovinyl-2'-deoxyuridine (IVDU) and 5-Iodovinyl-2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (IVFRU) as reporter probes for HSV1-tk gene monitoring system. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prepared HSV1-tk gene transduced Morris hepatoma cell line using retroviral vector, MOLTEN containing HSV1-tk gene. And we confirmed the HSV1-tk gene expression by Northern blotting and Western blotting. We compared in vitro uptakes of radioiodinated IVDU and IVFRU to monitor HSV1-tk gene expression in Morris hepatoma cell line (MCA) and HSV1-tk gene tranduced MCA (MCA-tk) cells until 480 minutes. We also performed correlation analysis between percentage of HSV1-tk gene tranduced MCA cell % (MCA-tk%) and uptakes of radiolabeled IVDU or IVFRU. RESULTS: MCA-tk cell expressed HSV1-tk mRNA and HSV1-TK protein. Two compounds showed minimal uptake in MCA, but increased uptake was observed in MCA-tk. IVDU showed 4-fold higher accumulation than IVFRU at 480 min in MCA-tk (p< 0.01). Both IVDU and IVFRU uptake were linearly correlated (R2> 0.96) with increasing MCA-tk%. CONCLUSION: The radiolabeld IVDU and IVFRU showed higher specific accumulation in retrovirally HSV1-tk gene transfected Morris hepatoma cell line. Both IVDU and IVFRU could be used as good substrates for evaluation of HSV1-tk gene expression.
Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line* ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Reporter ; Genetic Therapy ; Herpes Simplex* ; Herpesvirus 1, Human ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental* ; RNA, Messenger ; Simplexvirus* ; Thymidine Kinase* ; Thymidine* ; Zidovudine