No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial*

In order to determine the prevalence of Necator americanus, 182 fecal samples were collected from school children in the Taegu vicinity. These sample were subsequently cultured by the Harada-Mori technique. Necator americanus was differentiated from Ancylostoma duodenale using the bases of morphological characteristics of filariform larvae. Necator americanus was not found in the vicinity of Taegu.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda- Necator americanus ; epidemiology

Immunoadjuvant activities of the extract (KM-110) from Korean mistletoe ( Viscum album coloratum) on the induction of humoral and cellular responses against Keyhole limpet hemocyanim (KLH) as an antigen and allogenic tumor cells were examined. When mice were immunized subcataneously (s.c.) with KLH admixed with KM-110, more than 1000-times higher antibody titers to KLH than those immunized with KLH alone was observed. KM-110 induced high level of KLH- specific IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b antibodies. In an in vitro analysis of lymphocytes proliferation to KLH on week 4, the splenocytes of mice treated with KLH and KM- 110 exhibited significantly higher proliferating activity than those treated with KLH alone. In addition, the culture supernatnats obtained from the splenocytes of mice treated with both KLH and KM-110 showed high level of IL-2 and IL-4. In the test of cellular immune responses, KM-110 enhanced the DTH reaction to KLH in mice. Furthemore, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity using an allogenic CTL induction model where C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice were injected with allogenic P815 (H-2d) mastocytoma cells admixed with or without KM-110, mice treated with P815 cells and KM-110 showed higher cytatoxic activity against allogenic tumor cells than those treated without KM-110. This results suggest that KM-110 may possess adjuvant activities to potentially enhance humoral as well as cellular immune responses against antigens.
Animals ; Antibodies ; B-Lymphocytes ; Immunity, Cellular* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 ; Lymphocytes ; Mastocytoma ; Mice ; Mistletoe* ; T-Lymphocytes ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; Viscum album* ; Viscum*

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted with 6 different spirochetal strains (4 strains of Leptospira spp. and 2 strains of Borrelia burgdorferi) against 3 antimicrobial agents, commonly used in equine and bovine practice. The ranges of MIC and MBC of amoxicillin against Leptospira spp. were 0.05 - 6.25 microgram/ml and 6.25 - 25.0 microgram/ml, respectively. And the ranges of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of amoxicillin against B. burgdorferi were 0.05 - 0.39 microgram/ml and 0.20 - 0.78 microgram/ml, respectively. The ranges of MIC and MBC of enrofloxacin against Leptospira spp. were 0.05 - 0.39 microgram/ml and 0.05 - 0.39 microgram/ml, respectively. Two strains of B. burgdorferi were resistant to enrofloxacin at the highest concentration tested for MBC (> or = 100 microgram/ml). Therefore, the potential role of tilmicosin in the treatment of leptospirosis and borreliosis should be further evaluated in animal models to understand whether the in vivo studies will confirm in vitro results. All spirochetal isolates were inhibited (MIC) and were killed (MBC) by tilmicosin at concentrations below the limit of testing (< or = 0.01 microgram/ml).
Amoxicillin/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Borrelia burgdorferi/*drug effects/growth & development/isolation & purification ; Fluoroquinolones/pharmacology ; Leptospira/*drug effects/growth & development/isolation & purification ; Leptospirosis/*microbiology ; Lyme Disease/*microbiology ; Macrolides/pharmacology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tylosin/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology

This paper presents the results of a survey for the causes of sensori-neural hearing impairment in Korea. The subjects were 1,676 children of total 2,928 enrolled in 16 Deaf Schools; two schools in each area of Seoul, busan, Kyoungbook, Kyoungna, Kyounggi and Chunbug, and each one in Chungnam, Chungbug, Chunnam and Jaeju. The data were collected by questionnaire with 28 items distributed to their parents. The filling in the check lists were performed by their class teacher, interviewer, for 18 months from September, 1975 to February, 1976. The questionable or missed problems were reaffirmed. The results obtained were as follows. Most of the reasons, 78.5% were acquired characters that could be developed during pregnant period, the time of delivery and the time of after birth. The pure hereditary reasons except the cases complexed with one or two were only 11.3%. Those who could not be defined with any reasons were 10.2%. Among the acquired causes, 5.8% of total subjects were developed for pregnance; 3.3%, during delivery; and 69.7%, after birth. In the pregnant period, the drug intoxications were 2.4% of total subjects, several diseases such as influenza, bleeding, surgical operation, venereal disease and rubella etc. were about one percent, and the accompanied with some symptoms of pregnancy intoxication and traumatic events were 2.4%. During time, the cases with delayed rhythmical pain were 16 persons, the immaturities were 11, the asphyxial cases were nine, the errors of forceps delivery were seven, the cases of low body weight inspite of full term were our, the cases with cesarian section were three, the head injuries were two, and the accompanied with three kinds of above reasons were three. During after birth, the cases with acute communicable diseases were 35.4% of total subjects, the fever unknown origin were 16.1%, the chronic otitis media were 3.7%, the meningitis were 3.5%, the gastric and nutritional diseases were 3.5%, the drug intoxications were 4.8%, the blood diseases were 0.3% and the other causes were 2.2%. Here by acute communicable diseases, some importances were measle, 10.1% of total subjects; meningitis, 7.3%; convulsion with some reasons, 4.9%; poliomyelitis. 3.2%; encephalitis, 2.4%; and mumps, rubella, pertusis, scarlet fever, and small pox were somewhat played a role in. Among 59 cases with brain diseases, 53 were concussion by the accidents, such as traffic and falling or sliping down etc., the cerebral paralysis and hydrocephalus were two, respectively. And the blood diseases were severe newjaundice in all five cases. If we were summarized with the above mentioned, most of the hearing impairments were introduced by the combined reasons with familial or hereditary factors and the acquired, than by a simple disease. Among the congenital or hereditary hearing impairments classified to now a day, we suppose that the many cases with the acquired causes during pregnancy, delivery and after birth were complexed. Subsequently, the maternal and child health should be more and more developed in our country, also.
Body Weight ; Brain Diseases ; Busan ; Child Health ; Child* ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Communicable Diseases ; Craniocerebral Trauma ; Encephalitis ; Fever ; Hearing Loss* ; Hearing* ; Hematologic Diseases ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Meningitis ; Mumps ; Otitis Media ; Paralysis ; Parents ; Parturition ; Poliomyelitis ; Pregnancy ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Rubella ; Scarlet Fever ; Seizures ; Seoul ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Surgical Instruments

BACKGROUNDS AND OBJECTIVES: C-Reactive protein (CRP) levels are powerful predictors of cardiac complications and death in patients with unstable angina unrelated with myocardial cell damage or myocardial ischemia. This study was performed to determine the optimal timing to measure CRP to predict cardiac events in patients with unstable angina. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study was comprised 50 patients with unstable angina (Braunwald Class IIIb). We randomized the study subjects by the time of CRP elevation (> 8mg/L): Group A (on admission, 15 patients), Group B (during hospitalization, 19 patients), and Group C (at discharge, 19 patients). RESULTS: 1) CRP levels (median and range) of Group A, B, and C were 10.6 (8.2-24.2), 12.8 (8.1-33.7), and 10.3 (8.1-18.7) mg/L, respectively (p=S). 2) During clinical follow-up at a mean duration of 12 months, there were 1 death, 1 myocardial infarction, 6 revascularization therapy (PTCA or CABG) and 11 recurrent angina. 3) In Group A, 10 cardiac events (1 myocardial infarction, 4 revascularization therapy, and 5 recurrent angina) occurred. The elevated levels of CRP predicted cardiac events during clinical follow-up with sensitivity of 53%(10/19), positive predictive value of 67%(10/15), and negative predictive value of 74%(26/35). In Group C, 13 cardiac events were occurred. Sensitivity, positive and negative predictive value to predict cardiac events of elevated levels of CRP were 68%(13/19), 68%(13/19) and 81%(25/31), respectively. 4) Elevated levels of CRP (>8mg/L) were predictors for cardiac events in patients with unstable angina (Group A; p<0.05, Group B; p<0.05, Group C; p<0.001). However, by logistic regression analysis, CRP values > 8mg/L at discharge were only predictive of cardiac events with odd ratio of 6.01 (95% CI 1.50-44.3, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: CRP (> 8mg/L) was elevated in 38% of patients at discharge and elevated levels of CRP at discharge were only predictive of cardiac events in patients with unstable angina.
Angina, Unstable* ; C-Reactive Protein* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardial Ischemia

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of coronary disease in Korea, with the consequent morbidity and mortality, has rapidly risen during the last two decades. This study aimed to describe the changing pattern in the demographic composition during the 1990s of patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Korean metropolitan cities. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Data from the medical record of patients with AMI, admitted to five University Hospitals in Busan and Daegu between January 1990 and December 1999, were sorted according to their age (<30, 3044, 4559, 6074, >75 years) and gender. RESULTS: During the last decade, the number of cases of AMI increased from 283 in 1990, to 988 by 1999 (ratio of AMI/medical patients admitted; 1.68% in 1990 to 2.52% in 1999). The most prevalent age group was 6074 yrs (46.1%), followed by 4559 yrs (34.2%). Generally, the male cases were twice as prevalent as female (68.2% : 31.8%), but the gender ratio was reversed in the highest age group (>75 yrs) (44.6% : 55.4%). During the period in question, the gender ratio and age distribution remained reasonably constant throughout. The proportion of younger AMI patients (<45 yrs) did not increase. CONCLUSION: Admissions due to AMI increased substantially during the 1990s. Almost half the cases were from the 6074 yrs age group, and two third were male. There were little changes in the compositions of age and gender of the AMI cases during this period.
Age Distribution ; Busan ; Coronary Disease ; Daegu ; Female ; Hospitals, University* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Medical Records ; Mortality ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Prevalence

The association between nephrotic syndrome and intravascular coagulation has been known for more than a century, but it was not until 1948 that a thrombotic diathesis in nephrotic patients was proposed. The prevalence of thrmbo-embolic complications is much higher in adult patients. Deep vein thrombosis of the leg is the most common complications in nephrotic adult and was responsible for one-third of the thrombo-embolic complications of nephrotic children. Arterial thrombosis occurs less frequently and is seen primarily in childern. We present a case of acute anterior myocardial infarction in a young man with nephrotic syndrome, secondary to minimal change glomerulonephritis, in which thrombosis of the proximal left anterior descanding artery was the actual cause of acute myocardial infarction.
Adult ; Arteries ; Child ; Disease Susceptibility ; Humans ; Leg ; Myocardial Infarction* ; Nephrosis, Lipoid ; Nephrotic Syndrome* ; Prevalence ; Thrombosis ; Venous Thrombosis

The Eisenmenger syndrome is characterized by severe irreversible pulmonary hypertension and right-to-left shunting of blood through the pulmonary-systemic communication. The resultant right-to-left shunt leads to clinical cyanosis and secondary manifestations of chronic hypoxemia. Clinical features include dyspnea on exertion, fatigue, palpitation, hemoptysis, syncope, chest pain and predisposition to brain abscess and cerebrovascular accident. Brain abscess is a serious complication of cyanotic congenital heart disease and major cause of death. We report a patient with Eisenmenger syndrome in whom the presence of right-to-left shunt and paradoxical embolism appears to be critical for the development of brain abscess.
Anoxia ; Brain Abscess* ; Brain* ; Cause of Death ; Chest Pain ; Cyanosis ; Dyspnea ; Eisenmenger Complex* ; Embolism, Paradoxical ; Fatigue ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; Stroke ; Syncope