OBJECT: In order to estimate the frequency and risk factors for adenomyosis. METHOD: The clinical records of 1127 women undergoing hysterectomy were retrieved in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Incheon Christian Hospital, during 7 years, from Jan. 1st 1991 to Dec. 31st 1997. RESULT: The following results were obtained. 1. Adenomyosis was found in 206 of 1127 patients(18.3%). 2. The highest incidence was 41-50 years of age group, an incidence of 55% and mean age group was 46.9 years. 3. Adenomyosis was more frequently observed in parous woman than non-parous woman, such as 8.3% and 91.7%, respectively. 4. Grossly, the size of uterus was enlarged more than 10 weeks gestational size in adenomyosis, an incidence of 62.4%. 5. Pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and metrorrhagia were common symptom of adenomyosis, an incidence of 26.7%, 25.2% and 19.4%, respectively. 6. Myoma was the most combined disease in adenomyosis, showing the incidence of 53.4%. 7. Combined pelvic endometriosis was not observed in this study. 8. Endometrial findings of adenomyosis showed proliferative phase of normal endometrial cycle in the highest incidence, giving 72.3% of all cases. 9. Preoperative diagnostic accurracy of adenomyosis was 8.2%. CONCLUSION: This results show that deeply understanding of the common symptom and epidemiology of adenomyosis improve the preoperative diagnostic accuracy.
Adenomyosis* ; Dysmenorrhea ; Endometriosis ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Incheon ; Incidence ; Menstrual Cycle ; Metrorrhagia ; Myoma ; Obstetrics ; Pelvic Pain ; Risk Factors ; Uterus

Panner's disease, osteonecrosis of the capitellum of the elbow, was first reported by Panner in 1927. The disease occurs mainly in boys between 6 and 15 years old and shows unilateral distribution. Pain, stiffness, localized tenderness over the lateral condyle of the elbow, and decreased range of motion are the typical clinical symptoms. Conservative treatment is generally recommended for patients in the early stage of this disease. A few cases of Panner's disease have been reported and few are related to long-term follow-up results. To the best of our knowledge, all reported cases were over six years. Therefore, we report on a five-year-old boy diagnosed as Panner's disease that showed resorption and regeneration of the humeral capitellum with no limitation of motion over three years. The current study was exempted from review by the institutional review board because it was a single retrospective case report. Informed consent was obtained from the patient's guardian.
Child* ; Elbow ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Male ; Osteochondrosis ; Osteonecrosis ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Regeneration ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Female ; Ovary* ; Teratoma*

BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-4 is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of the allergic inflammation and asthma. Upon IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) engagement, a variety of signaling mediators, such as JAK kinases and STAT-6 are activated, leading to induction of IL-4 target gene expression including CD23 and germline C epsilon transcription. The function of a membrane-proximal domain of IL-4Ra, termed ID-1, remains to be characterized to date. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the ID-1 domain mediates the induction of IL-4 target gene expression in a STAT-6-dependent manner. METHODS: The intracellular region of IL-4Ralpha was translationally fused to the extracellular region of IL-2Rbeta to provide ligand specificity to IL-2. Acidic amino acids and serine residues in the ID-1 domain of the chimeric receptor were substituted by site-directed mutagenesis. These receptor cDNAs were stably transfected to M12.4.1 murine B lymphoma cells. Following IL-2 stimulation, wild type and mutant clones for the ID-1 motif were subjected to FACS. RNA blotting and elecroporetic mobility shift assays to address the levels of CD23, germline C epsilon and STAT-6 inductions, respectively. RESULTS: ID-1 mutant clones were defective in gene induction of CD23 and germline C epsilon in response to IL-2 stimulation, as compared with wildtype clones. Moreover, IL-2-mediated STAT-6 activation was abolished in ID-1 mutant clones. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the ID-1 domain of IL-4Ra is essential to induce IL-4 target gene expression through a STAT-6-dependent pathway.
Amino Acids, Acidic ; Asthma ; Clone Cells ; DNA, Complementary ; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay ; Gene Expression ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-4 Receptor alpha Subunit* ; Interleukin-4* ; Interleukins ; Janus Kinases ; Lymphoma ; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ; Receptors, Interleukin-4 ; RNA ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serine

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also referred to as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a degenerative disorder of motor neuron system of the spinal cord and the cortical neuron. Patients with ALS present a unique challenge to the anesthesiologist. Respiratory muscle weakness, for instance, can result in trouble with proper breathing after general anesthesia. We report a case of spinal anesthesia for discectomy in a patient with ALS.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Diskectomy ; Humans ; Motor Neurons ; Neurons ; Respiration ; Respiratory Muscles ; Spinal Cord

Regarding to preserve the cadaver, formaldehyde has been used as a major preservative. However, the usage of formaldehyde has been considered by its harmful effects such as the disturbing ordor, toxicities and limitations to use. Therefore we studied the effect of decomposition-inhibition which is a natural product, grapefruit seed extract (GSE). Concerning the preservative activity, we sacrificed 8 week old male SD rat and collected liver. Using liver tissues, we treated GSE as a time dependant manner under 37degrees, 80+/-5% humidity conditions. To confirm GSE effects, we applied light and electron microscopic analysis. In results, we observed GSE attenuated the morphological changes and putrefaction of liver tissues more than 3 days. Herein, we introduced the potential substitute of formaldehyde to preserve the cadaver as well as animal tissues.
Animals ; Cadaver ; Citrus paradisi ; Electrons ; Formaldehyde ; Humans ; Humidity ; Light ; Liver ; Male ; Rats ; Seeds

This study was undertaken to investigate the morphological changes of scalp hair according to weathering after burial and to offer basic data for forensic science. To examine the effect of weathering degree, the 51 human scalp hairs buried after death were taken from deceased individuals in tombs in Korea. The morphological changes in weathering hair shafts of the scalp were investigated using the transmission electron microscopes (TEM). There were little morphological differences of weathering depending on the burial period. The weathering changes includes detachment of cuticle layer, aggregation of macrofibril and hollow formation in the cortex according to the burial period. These results could provide basic data to the field of forensic medicine.
Burial ; Electrons ; Forensic Medicine ; Forensic Sciences ; Hair ; Humans ; Korea ; Scalp ; Weather

This study was undertaken to investigate the morphological changes of scalp hair according to weathering after burial and to offer basic data for forensic science. To examine the effect of weathering degree, the 51 human scalp hairs buried after death were taken from deceased individuals in tombs in Korea. The morphological changes in weathering hair shafts of the scalp were investigated using the transmission electron microscopes (TEM). There were little morphological differences of weathering depending on the burial period. The weathering changes includes detachment of cuticle layer, aggregation of macrofibril and hollow formation in the cortex according to the burial period. These results could provide basic data to the field of forensic medicine.
Burial ; Electrons ; Forensic Medicine ; Forensic Sciences ; Hair ; Humans ; Korea ; Scalp ; Weather

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to define the optimal target concentration of remifentanil which effectively achieves conscious sedation without significant vital sign changes and side effects during spinal anesthesia. METHODS: Sixty patients underwent spinal anesthesia with 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (8-16 mg), and were infused with a target controlled infusion (TCI) of remifentanil at 1.0 ng/ml (group R10, n = 15), 2.0 ng/ml (group R20, n = 15), 3.0 ng/ml (group R30, n = 15), and 3.5 ng/ml (group R35, n = 15). Observer's assessment of alertness/sedation (OAA/S) scale, the bispectral index (BIS), anxiety levels and infusion rate of remifentanil were monitored during the operation. RESULTS: OAA/S scale was significantly lower in groups R30 (3.96) and R35 (3.34) than groups R10 (4.31) and R20 (4.26). Incidence of intraoperative respiratory depression events, post operative nausea and vomiting were significantly higher in group R35 than the other groups. There were no significant differences in BIS, anxiety level and incidences of recall of the operative procedure among the groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the TCI of remifentanil at 3.0 ng/ml produces an effective sedation and anti-anxiety effects without significant side effects during spinal anesthesia.
Anesthesia, Spinal ; Anti-Anxiety Agents ; Anxiety ; Bupivacaine ; Conscious Sedation ; Humans ; Incidence ; Nausea ; Piperidines ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Vital Signs ; Vomiting

A 59-year-old woman was scheduled to undergo a robot-assisted distal gastrectomy under general anesthesia. During the operation, the vital signs were maintained in normal range. After 7 hours of surgery, the pulse oxymeter graph became flat and the end tidal CO2 concentration suddenly decreased. Palpation of the carotid artery revealed no heart beat but the EKG continued to show sinus rhythm. Pulseless electrical activity (PEA) was diagnosed. An advanced cardiopulmonary life support protocol for PEA was immediately initiated, which included chest compressions and doses of IV cardiovascular drugs. However, in spite of continuous CPR, the heart wasn't recovered from the arrest. We experienced cardiac arrest for pulseless electrical activity during robot-assisted distal gastrectomy.
Anesthesia, General ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Cardiovascular Agents ; Carotid Arteries ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Heart ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Hypovolemia ; Middle Aged ; Palpation ; Peas ; Reference Values ; Thorax ; Vital Signs