No abstract available.
Korea* ; Legislation, Drug*

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B Vaccines* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Hot Temperature* ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability*

No abstract available.
Hepatitis B Vaccines* ; Hepatitis B* ; Hepatitis* ; Hot Temperature* ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability*

BACKGROUND: The potential adverse effects of ketamine in neurosurgical anesthesia have been well established. However, the effects of ketamine on intracranial pressure (ICP) and hemodynamics during general anesthesia remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of ketamine on hemodynamics and ICP in anesthetized, ventilated rabbits. METHODS: Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n=10) received 1 ml/kg normal saline iv; Group 2 (n=10) received 0.5 mg/kg ketamine iv; Group 3 (n=10) received 1.0 mg/kg ketamine iv. After induction with thiopental, anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. During controlled ventilation, ICP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and heart rate (HR) were measured. The ICP was measured using Ladd ICP monitoring system. All variables were evaluated at baseline and for 30 min following ketamine. RESULTS: In group 1, ICP, MAP, CPP and HR were unchanged over the course of the study. In group 2, ICP, MAP and CPP were unchanged. HR increased at 1, 3 and 5 min (p<0.01), 10 and 20 min (p<0.05) after injection. In group 3, ICP, MAP and CPP increased at 1 and 3 min (p<0.01) after injection. HR increased at 1, 3 and 10 min (p<0.01), 5 min (p<0.05) after injection. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg of ketamine don't significantly affect the hemodynamics and ICP in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated rabbits.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Intracranial Pressure* ; Isoflurane ; Ketamine* ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Rabbits* ; Thiopental ; Ventilation

Neomorphogenesis of cartilage using chondrocyte-polymer constructs is a potential source for development of cartilage reconstruction. Current tissue engineering techniques of neocartilage rely on in vivo implantation of polymer-chondrocyte constructs. The purpose of this study was to find a way to bioengineer cartilage in vitro by entrapping chondrocytes in a molded autologous fibrin glue. Chondrocytes isolated from the cartilage of rabbit joints were combined with fibrinogen extracted by a single cryoprecipitation of autologous plasma, and they were then polymerized with thrombin to create a fibrin glue with a final cell density of 2.5x10(6) cells/ml. The collagen for a control study was used as a polymer. The polymer-chondrocyte constructs were cultured for 4 weeks and the fibrin-chondrocyte constructs molded in the shape of a human ear were cultured for 6 weeks in vitro. Morphometric, histochemical, and histomorphometric analysis including glycosaminoglycan quantitation confirmed the following results: 1) Highly-concentrated autologous fibrinogen was easily extracted by a single cryoprecipition of autologous olasma. 2) The fibrin-chondrocyte constructs demonstrated the presence of actively proliferating chondrocytes with the production of cartilaginous matrix(collagen and glycosaminoglycan) at 1 week after culture, as well as gross and histologic evidence similar to those of normal cartilage at 3-4 weeks after culture. 3) The collagen-chondrocyte constructs demonstrated lower degrees of hardness and transparency, as well as a lower density of cells and glycosaminoglycan during the culture period. 4) Neocartilage generated from fibrin-chondrocyte constructs in the shape of a human ear nearly retained their original configuration and size without degeneration for 6 weeks of culture in vitro. This study demonstrated a novel method for bioengineering the molded cartilage in vitro using autologous fibrin glue as a matrix scaffold. The generated cartilage showed gross and histologic evidence similar to those of normal cartilage, retaining the original gross dimension. With further refinement, this may be a new application of tissue engineering for the reconstruction of cartilage.
Bioengineering ; Cartilage* ; Cell Count ; Chondrocytes* ; Collagen ; Ear ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive* ; Fibrin* ; Fibrinogen ; Fungi ; Hardness ; Humans ; Joints ; Plasma ; Polymers ; Thrombin ; Tissue Engineering*

PURPOSE: In order to provide a systematic and standardized treatment course for MVD patients, a critical pathway (CP) program was developed and the results of its long term application were analyzed. METHODS: This was a methodological study. The CP was established and applied to 75 (step I) and 1,216 (step II). Another group of 56 with similar features was used as a control group. RESULTS: The application of CP turned out to be useful in many regards: the rate of hearing loss was reduced from 1.8% to 0% (step I) and 0.5% (step II), and low cranial nerve palsy was reduced from 1.8% to 1.3% and 0.7%, respectively. The length of hospitalization decreased by 2.56 days (25.2%) for step I and 3.05 days (30.0%) for step II. Days of ICU stay were reduced by 7.9% and 1.8%. The total cost per patient was reduced by 14.8% (step I). The cost per day was increased by 13.7% and 52.4%. An increase in the patient satisfaction index was noted, as shown in the ICU information guide (p=.002). CONCLUSION: The development and application of CP was found to improve the quality of medical treatment and the efficacy of hospital management in MVD patients. Well organized and efficient system and multidisciplinary teamwork are the key component of the successful application of CP.
Cranial Nerve Diseases ; Critical Pathways* ; Hearing Loss ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Methods ; Microvascular Decompression Surgery* ; Patient Satisfaction ; Quality Control

A poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is partly due to the invasiveness and metastasis of the tumor. A key element in tumor invasion and metastasis in the degradation of extracellular matrix is matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). This study was performed to determine the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 of oral SCCs with regard to the histologic invasiveness and differentiation in 5 normal oral mucosa and 36 oral SCCs. The histologic invasiveness of oral SCCs were classified into 4 grades. The differentiation of oral SCCs was divided into 3 grades. The streptavidin-biotin immunohistochemical staining, using MMP-2 and MMP-9 monoclonal antibodies, was performed to determine the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. The expression of MMP-2 was positive in 6 of 17 oral SCCs with weak invasiveness and was positive in 7 of 19 oral SCCs with strong invasiveness. The MMP-2 expression did not increase significantly with respect to the invasiveness of oral SCCs (P>0.05). The expression of MMP-9 was strongly positive in 6 out of 17 SCCs with weak invasiveness and was strongly positive in 14 of 19 SCCs with strong invasiveness. The MMP-9 expression increased significantly with respect to the invasiveness of oral SCCs; the stronger the expression, the stronger the invasiveness (P<0.05). The expression of MMP-9 was in 57.9% of well differentiated SCCs, 57.1% of moderately differentiated ones, and 33.3% of poorly differentiated SCCs. The expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 did not increase significantly with respect to the histologic differentiation. We conclude that with respect to the invasiveness, the MMP-9 expression increases significantly in oral SCCs but the MMP-2 expression does not; and that with respect to the histologic differentiation, their expressions do not increase significantly. These results suggeste that MMP-9 can be used as a tool to evaluate the invasiveness of oral SCCs.
Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Extracellular Matrix ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2* ; Matrix Metalloproteinases ; Mouth Mucosa ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis

Behcets disease is a chronic systemic disease of unknown etiology, which is characterized by the recurrent orogenital ulcers, eye involvement and skin manifestations. In addition to the major symptoms, it includes arthritis, vasculitis, neurologic manifestations and gastrointestinal lesions. We report a case of Behcets disease associated with intestinal ulcers. The patient, a 45-year-old female, who had been treated under the diagnosis of Behcets disease for 4 years, presented with swallowing difficulty, vaginal discharge and persistent right lower abdominal pain. Colonoscopic examination showed multiple ulcers on the ileocecal region which is reported as the most common site of gastrointestinal Behcets disease. Gastrointestinal evaluation can be useful in diagnosis of Behcets disease, especially in a patient with gastrointestinal symptoms.
Abdominal Pain ; Arthritis ; Deglutition ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Skin Manifestations ; Ulcer* ; Vaginal Discharge ; Vasculitis

A characteristic sonographic pattern that suggest a bowel lesion, called "Pseudokidney Sign" because itresembles the ultrasonic appearance of the kidney
Barium ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Kidney ; Mucous Membrane ; Mucus ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ultrasonics ; Ultrasonography

Fractures of the tibial pilon are the severe injuries to the ankle joint resulted from axial compression, shear and/or rotational forces. The mangement has been notoriously difficult due to the comminution of the distal tibia, articular incongruity and soft tissue trauma. The advocated treatment sequence of fibular reconstruction, restoration of the articular suface, bone grafting of defects and the use of an anterior or medial neutralization plate, early movement and delayed weight bearing, were performed recently and the best results have been obtained. The results of treatment of 18 cases were analysed at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital and Chong ju Lee Rha Hospital from Mar. 1982 to Aug. 1989. The results were as follows. 1. The most frequent type of fracture was type III according to Ruedi and Allgower's classification. 2. The operative treatment was performed with plates and screws in fourteen cases. 3. The overall good and fair results were 72%.
Ankle Joint ; Bone Transplantation ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Jeollabuk-do ; Orthopedics ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing