BACKGROUND: Normal renal function and health have been recognized as important factors in living donors after kidney donation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the health status and health-promoting lifestyle in living donors after kidney donation. METHODS: A total of 678 living-kidney donors were counted in our center from January 1990 to December 2011. Only 84 donors agreed to participate in the survey by telephone. We received consent for participation in our survey from 48 donors (57.1%). Data were collected from May to August 2013 using donor characteristics, health status, and Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile I (HPLP-I). RESULTS: The donors were predominantly female (62.5%) and the average age was 48.9+/-11.8 years, and the average period after nephrectomy was 9.7+/-5.7 years. The characteristics of donors included ideal body weight (37.5%), overweight (37.5%) in body mass index, and good health status (81.3%). Most donors underwent an annual medical check-up (56.2%), no health problem (81.3%), and no disease (64.6%). However, one patient was treated with dialysis for renal failure due to diabetes. The total average score for HPLP-I was 128.3+/-13.9. Higher than average scores (116.3+/-19.1) were observed for the general middle-aged woman. There were statistically significant differences in self-realization and nutrition in subsection of HPLP-I. Self-realization showed a higher score for Christian (F=2.743, P=0.041) and good health (F=3.389, P=0.017). Nutrition showed a higher score for overweight, obesity (F=6.783, P=0.000), and older than 60 (F=3.854, P=0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Most living kidney donors were healthy after their donation and had relatively high scores for health-promoting lifestyle. However, one patient had a serious health problem. In addition, younger, longer period after donation, and the rare health examination of donors showed a lower health-promoting lifestyle. Designed and continuous health-care management after transplantation is needed for kidney donors.
Body Mass Index ; Dialysis ; Female ; Humans ; Ideal Body Weight ; Kidney Transplantation ; Kidney* ; Life Style* ; Living Donors* ; Nephrectomy ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Renal Insufficiency ; Telephone ; Tissue Donors

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand levels of both mental health literacy of depression and intention of help-seeking, and then to identify the relationship of them in Korean older adults. METHODS: Participants in this cross-sectional survey were 395 persons over 65 years old receiving customized home visiting health care services at Chungnam province. Data were collected through interviews by visiting nurses in 2011. RESULTS: The proportion of participants with depression was 61.8% (6.7+/-3.6). 78.2% of subjects appeared to have help-seeking intention for solving depression. The proportions of participants with ability to recognize depression was 69.1%. Although the level about knowledge and belief in self-help interventions were varied according to questionnaires, subjects understood self-help intervention of smoking accurately (86.3%) and physical activity (85.5%). Ability to recognize depression, knowledge and belief about self-help managements, and opinion of medication for treatment among health literacy variables measured in this study were related to help-seeking intention. In addition, women, visual impairment, and lower depression scores were related to help-seeking intention. CONCLUSION: Results demonstrate that it is necessary to improve depression health literacy to manage effectively depression of vulnerable elderly in communities. These results could be used in developing mental health literacy programs.
Aged ; Community Health Nursing ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Delivery of Health Care ; Depression ; Female ; Health Literacy ; House Calls ; Humans ; Intention ; Mental Health ; Motor Activity ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vision Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was designed to construct and test a structural equation modeling on specific domain health status and the Selection, Optimization, Compensation (SOC) strategy affecting successful aging in elderly people. METHODS: The model construction was based on the SOC model by Baltes and Baltes. Interviews were done with 201 elderly people aged 65 or older. Interview contents included demographics, functional health status, emotional health status, social health status, SOC strategies, and successful aging. Data were analyzed using SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 7.0. RESULTS: Model fit indices for the modified model were GFI=.93, CFI=.94, and RMSEA=.07. Three out of 7 paths were found to have a significant effect on successful aging in this final model. Functional health status had a direct and positive effect on successful aging. Emotional health status influenced successful aging through SOC strategies. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that interventions for improving functional health status and for strengthening SOC strategies are critical for successful aging. Continuous development of a variety of successful aging programs using SOC strategy is suggested.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/*psychology ; Anxiety ; Depression ; Emotions ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; *Models, Psychological ; Questionnaires ; Social Support

It has been reported that 2.5% povidone-iodine solution was an effective antimicrobial agent on the conjunctivae of newborns and caused less toxicity than silver nitrate eye drops. The effectiveness and the safety of 1% povidoneiodine solution, a lower concentration solution, were evaluated on ophthalmia neonatorum prophylaxis. A bacterial culture was taken from each conjunctiva of 70 neonates within 30 minutes after birth. A drop of each of the two agents, which were randomly chosen among 1% povidone-iodine solution, 2.5% povidone-iodine solution. and 1% silver nitrate eye drops, was placed on each conjunctiva. Conjunctival bacterial cultures were again taken two to four hours after birth. Before the first culture and at 24 hours after birth, the eyes were examined for toxic changes. To evaluate the effectiveness of the medications, the numbers of bacterial species and colonyforming units from each culture were compared. All three agents significantly reduced the numbers of species and colonyforming units(p<0.02). Two povidone-iodine solutions did not show significant ocular toxicity(p>0.7) but silver nitrate eye drop did(p<0.02). Therefore, it was found that 1% povidone-iodine solution as well as 2.5% povidone-iodine solution are effective antibacterial agents on the conjunctivae of newborns and cause less toxicity than silver nitrate eye drops.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Conjunctiva ; Endophthalmitis* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Ophthalmia Neonatorum* ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Parturition ; Povidone-Iodine* ; Silver Nitrate

PURPOSE: This study was performed to compare the effects of standardized peristomal skin care (SPSC) and crusting technique (CT) on the peristomal skin of ostomates. SPSC was developed by a consensus among the expert group based on a comprehensive review of the relevant literature and hospital protocols. METHODS: A randomized controlled pilot trial with 2 parallel arms was used. A total of 81 ostomates, who were recruited from a tertiary hospital, completed the baseline, 1-month, 2-month, and 3-month follow-up (SPSC group, n=45; CT group, n=36). SPSC consisted of water cleansing and direct application of ostomy appliances. CT involved crusting hydrocolloid powder and patting with water sponge or protective barrier liquid film. The outcomes of the study were assessed by skin problems, such as discoloration, erosion and tissue overgrowth; the domains of the evaluation tool used in examining the peristomal skin. A generalized estimating equation model was used to examine the effects according to time and group. RESULTS: In both SPSC and CT groups, the likelihood of occurrence of discoloration (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.61-2.46), erosion (OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.55-2.25) and tissue enlargement (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.36-2.77) increased with time. There was no significant difference in discoloration between the groups, whereas the probability of erosion (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.16-0.89) and tissue overgrowth (OR, 0.09; 95% CI, 0.02-0.55) was lower in the SPSC group than in CT group. CONCLUSION: SPSC was sufficient in preventing peristomal skin problems of ostomates compared to the CT.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Ostomy/*nursing ; Skin Care/instrumentation/*methods/standards ; Wounds and Injuries/etiology/prevention & control

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand the coping experience of nursing students in clinical practice. METHODS: In-depth interview was done with semi-structured questionnaire on 32 nursing students taking clinical practice. Data was analyzed through the grounded theory. RESULTS: Core category of coping experience of nursing students was ‘trying to be a meaningful presence’ while clinical practice. Students' coping strategies were ‘overcoming inexperience’, ‘receiving the recognition from the clinical instructors’, and ‘governing mind and body’. Helping components for their coping behaviors were ‘support from people’, ‘personal experience before clinical practice’, ‘dynamics with partners’. Through the coping experience during clinical practice, nursing students became mature and confirmed their identities as student nurses. CONCLUSION: Nursing students taking clinical practice tried to be a meaningful presence.
Adaptation, Psychological ; Grounded Theory ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze intervention studies related to Snoezelen (multisensory environment). METHODS: Studies related to Snoezelen (multisensory environment) published between 1995 and 2010 in both Korean and International journals were systematically reviewed, and analyzed following guidelines. Based on inclusion criteria, 23 studies including 5 Korean and 18 International articles were selected. RESULTS: Most studies were conducted in various area of research such as medicine, nursing, and occupational therapy. There was no publication related to Snoezelen (multisensory environment) in Korean nursing journals. In terms of target population, more than 65% of the study subjects were patients with dementia, mental retardation, and learning disability. Intervention was implemented mostly in less than 30 minutes, once a week for 2 to 4 weeks. The effects on behavior, physical, and psychological contexts were assessed as outcome indicators. There was more 'positive' than 'no effect' in self-stimulatory behaviors, problem behaviors, heart rate, pain, mood state, and anxiety, whereas more 'no effect' than 'positive' in blood pressure, respiration, enjoyment, and relaxation. CONCLUSION: Future studies are needed to develop the protocol and outcome indicators for effective use of this new intervention in Korea.
Anxiety ; Blood Pressure ; Dementia ; Health Services Needs and Demand ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; Clinical Trial ; Korea ; Learning Disorders ; Occupational Therapy ; Publications ; Respiration

Several studies have reported that heavy metals have a relation with osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. In this study, we investigated the association between heavy metal exposure status, as assessed by serum major heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) and bone mineral density (BMD) status among Korean adults. A total of 64 adults participated in this study and were assigned to one of three study groups based on the T-score of spine BMD: a normal group (n = 21, T-score > -1), osteopenia group (n = 29, -2.5 < T-score < or = -1) and osteoporosis group (n = 14, T-score < or = -2.5). We also assessed serum levels of heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Hg) by using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) and daily nutrient and food intakes for 3 days by using 24-hr recall method in the subjects. The mean age was significantly higher in the osteoporosis group compared with the osteopenia and normal groups (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in serum levels of Pb, Cd and Hg among the three groups after adjusting for age. Daily intakes of energy, nutrients were not significantly different among the three groups. The osteoporosis group consumed significantly higher fish and shellfish than the other groups (p < 0.05). In the correlation analysis controlling for age, sex, BMI, and BMD status, the serum Cd level was significantly negatively correlated with intake of cereals, milks and total food. In summary, we did not find a direct association between serum heavy metal levels and BMD status. However, negative relationships were found between serum heavy metal levels and intake of some foods.
Absorption ; Adult ; Bone Density ; Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Cadmium ; Edible Grain ; Eating* ; Humans ; Metals, Heavy* ; Milk ; Osteoporosis ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Shellfish ; Spine

PURPOSE: Surgery for thyroid gland requires skin incisions that can result in postsurgical neck scar. To overcome this, many surgeons performed a endoscopic thyroidectomy. But, this approach had a some problems. One of postoperative problems, iatrogenic cervical dystonia(CD) may occur. At common, CD is defined as a syndrome characterized by prolonged muscle contraction causing twisting, repetitive movements or abnormal posture. Botulinum toxin A(BTA, Botox(R), Allergan, Irvine, CA, USA) is well known treatment agent in the treatment of CD. So, the authors applied BTA injection in rare case with iatrogenic CD resulting in endoscopic thyroidectomy. METHODS: A 43-year-old female had endoscopic subtotal thyroidectomy operation 3 years ago. She had symptoms such as progressive cervical pain, abnormal neck posture, depression, and sleep difficulty. About 1 year later, the patient who had previous myomectomy of the clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid muscle, however, symptoms were not improved. And then the patient received BTA therapy in our department. The 2 units per 0.1mL solution was administered in a 1mL tuberculin syringe. RESULTS: The dose of BTA used in the patient was 36 units for vertical platysmal bands, superficially, and 10 units for ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle, intramuscularly. After 2 weeks, additional the dose of BTA used in the patient was 5 points for remained scar bands, superficially. Complications related to injection such as significant swallowing difficulties, neck muscle weakness, or sensory change were not observed. In 9 months follow-up, the patient maintained a good result from the method of BTA injection alone. CONCLUSION: The basic concept is selective denervation for the hyperactive individual muscles and scar bands. We conclude that BTA is an effective and safe treatment for CD despite the iatrogenic and complex presentation of this complication.
Adult ; Botulinum Toxins ; Cicatrix ; Deglutition ; Denervation ; Depression ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Head ; Humans ; Muscle Contraction ; Muscles ; Neck ; Neck Muscles ; Neck Pain ; Posture ; Skin ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroidectomy ; Torticollis ; Tuberculin

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to clarify the clinical significance of coagulation factor as a prognostic tool in patients with cardiac arrest treated with therapeutic hypothermia (TH). METHODS: We designed a retrospective case review study in one university hospital. All adult patients who suffered cardiac arrest from December 2011 to February 2014 were considered for inclusion in the study. Patients who did not undergo TH were excluded from the analysis. Patients with any hematologic disorder were also excluded. Patients were divided into two groups, the good outcome group and the poor outcome group depending on the final cerebral performance category (CPC). Serum D-dimer, FDP, PT, aPTT, anti-thrombin III, fibrinogen, Troponin T, CK-MB, Troponin-I, DIC score, NSE, and S-100 were taken within one hour after ROSC. Logistic regression was used for multivariable analysis. RESULTS: A total of 92 patients were included; 22 in the good outcome group, 70 in the poor outcome group. The median serum PT, aPTT, FDP, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels were grossly elevated in the poor outcome group. Only serum PT, D-dimer level showed significant association with poor outcome (PT: OR=1.577; 95% CI=1.08-17.49, D-dimer: OR=1.577; 95% CI=1.06-2.33). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) of PT, D-dimer, and S-100 for prediction of poor outcome was 0.822 (95% CI=0.72-0.89), 0.68 (95% CI=0.57-0.77), and 0.811 (95% CI=0.70-0.89), respectively. Other factors were not associated with prognosis. CONCLUSION: Increased PT and D-dimer levels are significantly associated with poor outcome. PT and D-dimer values have potential for use as new prognostic predictors along with the current prognostic factor, S-100 protein.
Adult ; Blood Coagulation Factors ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Dacarbazine ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac ; Fibrinogen ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Hypothermia* ; Logistic Models ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; S100 Proteins ; Survivors* ; Troponin I ; Troponin T