No abstract available.
Animals ; Horns* ; Pregnancy*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Horns* ; Pregnancy*

Invasive aspergilosis or mucormycosis of the paranasal sinuses involving the cranial cavity is termed'rhinocerebral' mycosis, which is often difficult to differentiate from malignancy. Prognosis of rhinocerabralmycosis: is diastrous and usually fatal. The authors herein report 6 cases of rhinocerebral mycosis: two of themwe mucormycosis and four were aspiergillosis histopathologically. Main CT featurs are nodular mucosal thickeningin the multiple sits of the paranasal sinuses that extend to orbital apex or cavernosu sinus through focaldestruction of bony wall. In spite of their invasiveness beyond bony boundary, destruction is not so remarkableand it is always accompained by bony sclerosis. Awareness of these diseases and CT patterns discussed in thisreport should be helpful in leading to early biopsy and treamtent.
4-Acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic Acid ; Aspergillosis ; Biopsy ; Mucormycosis ; Orbit ; Paranasal Sinuses ; Prognosis ; Sclerosis

It is known that the cardiovascular system is extremely sensitive to the effect of both exogenous and endogenous opiates. In rabbits, less than 1% of the usual morphine dose necessary to produce antinociception results in significant hypotension and bradycardia. The endozenous opiate, beta-endorphin, is stored along with pitulatary adrenocorticotorphin(ACTH), and the action of stressors seems to result in the release of both peptides. Therefore it seems likely that beta-endorphin is released during stress such as shock and that it might contribute to the hypotension. In order to probe this hypothesis, hypovolemic and endotoxin shock model were produced in rabbits. If these hemorrhage and endotoxin induced hypotension were mediated through the beta-endorphin release, the blockade of beta-endorphin should reverse such hypotension. Using the specific opiate antagonist, Naloxone-HCl, these hypotensions could be reversed and prevented as following results show, 1) As compared with the saline control, the hypovolemic shock experiment had a 36.49+/-14.44% increase in mean arterial pressure(MAP) within 2 to 3 minutes and the endotoxin shock had a 52.43+/-23.66% increase in MAP within 5 to 6 minutes after naloxone treatment (0.4mg/kg). 2) AS compared with the saline control, in both hypovolemic and endotoxin shock naloxone pretreatment(0.4mg/kg) could prevent the decrease of MAP significantly. 3) No significant difference were seen in heart rate between the control and both experimental groups. And plasma bets-endorphin was measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA), using beta-endorphin kit(Immunonucler corportion, Stillwater, Minnesota, USA) and Beckman 8,000 tau-Counter, in these shock model with following results. 1) Hemorrhage and endotoxin induced shock produced a significant increase in plasma beta-endorphin to about 3 times control and reversed by naloxone treatment(0.4mg/kg) significantly as compared with saline control. 2) AS compared with the saline control, in both hypovolemic and endotoxin experiments naloxone pretreatment(0.4mg/kg) could prevent the increase of plasma beta-endorphin significantly.
Rabbits ; Animals

BACKGROUND: The potential adverse effects of ketamine in neurosurgical anesthesia have been well established. However, the effects of ketamine on intracranial pressure (ICP) and hemodynamics during general anesthesia remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of ketamine on hemodynamics and ICP in anesthetized, ventilated rabbits. METHODS: Thirty rabbits were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n=10) received 1 ml/kg normal saline iv; Group 2 (n=10) received 0.5 mg/kg ketamine iv; Group 3 (n=10) received 1.0 mg/kg ketamine iv. After induction with thiopental, anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. During controlled ventilation, ICP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and heart rate (HR) were measured. The ICP was measured using Ladd ICP monitoring system. All variables were evaluated at baseline and for 30 min following ketamine. RESULTS: In group 1, ICP, MAP, CPP and HR were unchanged over the course of the study. In group 2, ICP, MAP and CPP were unchanged. HR increased at 1, 3 and 5 min (p<0.01), 10 and 20 min (p<0.05) after injection. In group 3, ICP, MAP and CPP increased at 1 and 3 min (p<0.01) after injection. HR increased at 1, 3 and 10 min (p<0.01), 5 min (p<0.05) after injection. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg of ketamine don't significantly affect the hemodynamics and ICP in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated rabbits.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Arterial Pressure ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics* ; Intracranial Pressure* ; Isoflurane ; Ketamine* ; Nitrous Oxide ; Oxygen ; Perfusion ; Rabbits* ; Thiopental ; Ventilation

Recently, there is seen frequently the tibial shaft fracture due to the increased traffic accident & the high industry, and this fracture has many problems in a treatment because of nonunion, malunion, and infection. And so the methods of treatment is variable according to physicion. Intramedullary nailings are prefered for treatment of tibial shaft fracture. Between June, 1990 and December, 1993, we treated fifty four fractures of the tibial shaft with Ender nails(33 cases) and Delta nails(21 cases). The authors analyzed the effects of these two methods, and we obtained the following resutls. 1) Average operating time was 107 minutes in Ender nail and 109 minutes in Delta nail. In the average full weight-bearing time, postoperatively, was 8.7 weeks in ender nail and 8.5 weeks in Delta nails. The mean bone union time was 16.5 weeks in Ender nail and 16.8 weeks in Delta nail, and so there was no significant difference in bone union time between two devices. 2) The complications are four cases of delayed union(12.1%), three cases of superficial infection(9.1%), two cases of angular deformity(6.1%), and one case of checkrein deformity(3.0%) in the 33 cases of Ender nail, and two cases of delayed union(9.5%), one case of angular deformity(4.8%), and one case of superficial infection(4.8%) in the 21 cases of Delta nail. 3) In the 30 cases of Ender nails(90.9%), the functional results were exellent or good, and 19 cases of Delta nails(90.5%) were excellent or good.
Accidents, Traffic ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing

The administration of nitrous oxide can cause bone marrow depression like that aasociated with vitamin B12 defieiency and hematologic abnormalities. We investigated whether the addition of nitrous oxide for up to 4 hours to isoflurane anesthesia causes injury to 40 healthy laminectomy patients. In each patient, serum vitamin B12, folate and hematologic parameters (RBC, Hb, MCV, MCHC, WBC, platelet, reticulocyte, neutrophil) were measured on preinduction and postoperative 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th day. Fourty patients divided into two groups randomly. In group 1 (n=20), 100% oxygen plus 1.0-2.0 vol% isoflurane was given; Group 2 (n=20), 50 % nitrous oxide, oxygen plus 1.0-2.0 vol% isoflurane was given. The results were as follows; 1) Comparing with the serum vitamin B12 and folate in both groups, there were no statistical signifieant changes between two groups until postoper- ative 7th day. 2) Nitrous oxide using 4 hours didn't influence on the hematologic parame ters until postoperative 7th day. This study suggests that the administration of nitrous oxide for up to 4 hours didnt influence on serum vitamin B12, folate and hematologic parameters until postoperative 7th day. But further studies may be necessary for more prolonged anesthetic time and methods regarding nitrous oxide.
Anesthesia ; Blood Platelets ; Bone Marrow ; Depression ; Folic Acid* ; Hematopoiesis* ; Humans ; Isoflurane ; Laminectomy ; Nitrous Oxide* ; Oxygen ; Reticulocytes ; Vitamin B 12* ; Vitamins*

We recently experienced an unexpected episode of bilateral vocal cord paralysis following endotracheal extubation after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and tonsillectomy in 64-year-old man. The patient had no any other clinical manifestations regarding larynx or vocal cord except sleep apnea syndrome prior to this operation. The surgical procedure lasted almost 120 minutes and surgery and anesthesia was uneventful. After restoration of his spontaneous respiration, we tried extubation as usual method. Regardless his effort of spontaneous respiration for several times, he was suddenly apneic and showed declining of arterial oxygen saturation on the pulse oximeter (SpO2). Then we tried reintubation as a decision of laryngeal spasm. This alternative episode of extubation and reintubation was tried again and the causative factor of this respiratory impairment was confirmed as bilateral vocal cord paralysis by fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination in the operating room. Almost two thirds of vocal cord function was restored after six months of operation.
Airway Extubation* ; Anesthesia ; Humans ; Intubation ; Laryngismus* ; Larynx ; Middle Aged ; Operating Rooms ; Oxygen ; Respiration ; Sleep Apnea Syndromes ; Tonsillectomy ; Vocal Cord Paralysis* ; Vocal Cords*

BACKGROUND: It is important to control of intracranial pressure(ICP) in patients with intracranial pathology. To decrease ICP and to attenuate the adverse cardiovascular reflexes associated with anesthetic induction and tracheal intubation, we are often administered potent opiates during anesthetic induction. A side effect of these agents when used in large doses is muscle rigidity. We investigated the effects of high dose fentanyl on ICP, central venous pressure (CVP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during fentanyl-induced rigidity in rabbits. METHODS: Under halothane anesthesia, polyethylene catheters were surgically inserted into the femoral artery and vein for measurement of MAP and CVP in 10 rabbits. ICP was measured between epidural and subdural space through the burr hole of the frontal bone by means of fiberoptic ICP monitor. The animals were mechanically ventilated to achieve normocarbia. Following instrumentation, halothane was discontinued and fentanyl 50 microgram/kg administered intravenously at the first movement during emergence from halothane anesthesia. RESULTS: In the seven rabbits that developed rigidity, ICP and CVP were increased significantly compared to control value (delta ICP 9.2+/-1.9 mmHg, delta CVP 5.0+/-0.9 cmH2O: P<0.05). But MAP was decreased significantly from 95+/-5 to 74+/-4 mmHg (P<0.05). These variables except MAP were returned to baseline when rigidity was abolished with vecuronium. In three rabbits that did not show rigidity, ICP and CVP did not change following injection of fentanyl. But MAP in the non-rigidity group was significantly decreased like the rigidity group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that rigidity should be prevented when opiates like fentanyl are used as an induction drug of patients with ICP problems.
Anesthesia ; Anesthetics ; Animals ; Arterial Pressure ; Catheters ; Central Venous Pressure ; Femoral Artery ; Fentanyl ; Frontal Bone ; Halothane ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure* ; Intubation ; Muscle Rigidity ; Pathology ; Polyethylene ; Rabbits* ; Reflex ; Subdural Space ; Vecuronium Bromide ; Veins

No abstract available.
Animals ; Horns* ; Kidney*