A case-control study was conducted to investigate the relationship between blood cadmium, blood zinc and cadmium/zinc ratio and hypertension. Eighty-three hypertensive and seventy-seven normotensive study subjects matched for age and sex were selected from the workers who had no history of job-related cadmium exposure, in Ulsan city and it's vincinity, Korea. The blood cadmium in hypertensive group was 2.90 etag/mL, which was significantly higher than that of control group, 1.99 etag/mL(P<0.01). After stratifing for smoking and age variables, the relationship was still remained. The blood cadmium/zinc ratio in hypertensive group was 2.46, which was significantly higher than that of control group, 1.65(P<0.01). After stratifing for smoking and age variables, the relationship was still remained. There was no significant difference in blood zinc between hypertensive and control group. On multiple logistic regression analysis, the blood cadmium/zinc ratio is highly significant than blood cadmium. In conclusion, there is the possible relationship between blood cadmium level which has been known to be within normal limits and hypertension. But, further cohort studies to define the effect of cadmium on human hypertension are required.
Blood Pressure* ; Cadmium* ; Case-Control Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Ulsan ; Zinc*

No abstract available.
Dental Offices* ; Dentists* ; Hair* ; Humans ; Scalp*

No abstract available.
Methionine*

No abstract available.
Arteries* ; Bronchopulmonary Sequestration*

The primary objective of this study is to estimate of the mesiodistal crown diameters of the unerupted permanent successors derived from the mesiodistal crown diameters of the deciduous teeth in Korean population. The subjects were 54 indiciduals (twenty nine boys and twenty five girls) with normal occlusion aged 6 to 13 years. The mesiodistal crown diameters of the deciduous and the successional permanent teeth were measured from the longitudinal dental cast models using the shding calipers (Mitutoyo Co.) From the study, the results are as follows, 1. Sex differences of mesiodistal crown diameters were less in the deciduous teeth, but male were more than that of female in the successional permanent teeth. 2. The mesiodistal crown diameters of the deciduous central incisors, lateral incisors, canines were smaller than that of the successional permanent teeth and the deciduous 1st molars, and 2nd molars were more larger than that of the successional permanent teeth. 3. Size differences between sum of the mesiodistal crown diameters of central meisors and lateral meisors in the decidous teeth and the successional permanrnt teeth were 7.20 +/- 1.79 mm in upper, 5.38 +/- 1.64 mm in lower and that of canine, 1st molar and 2nd molar in the deciduous teeth and the successional permanent teeth were 0.56 +/- 1.19 mm in upper, 2.22 +/- 1.19 mm in lower. 4. In male, the correlation coefficients between the upper deciduous central incisor and the successional permanent tooth (r=0.57) and in female, the correlation coefficients between the upper deciduous 1st molar and the successional permanent tooth (r=0.67) appeared the highest. 5. The regression constants were determined to estimate the mesiodistal crown diameters of the unerupted successional permanent teeth.
Crowns* ; Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Male ; Molar ; Sex Characteristics ; Tooth* ; Tooth, Deciduous

We report an autopsy case of the brain stem glioma that extended extensively in the brain stem itself and cephalad. This 18-year-old boy first presented with dizziness, vomiting and left side weakness with left facial palsy. Brain MRI revealed a diffusely infiltrative tumor involving whole medulla, pons and lower midbrain. A total of 4000 R was given with some alleviation of respiratory difficulty. He died one year after the onset. Autopsy revealed the tumor involving pons, a portion of medulla oblongata, and cerebellum. The tumor showed diffusely infiltrative pattern and extended along the periventricular area to the thalamus and corpus callosum. The cut surface was grayish white and solid. It also showed areas of myxoid degeneration and necrosis probably related to radiation therapy. Microscopically the tumor was a cellular and pleomorphic glioma that showed some astrocytic differentiation. It was diffuse without geographic necrosis.

No abstract available.
Blood Coagulation* ; Humans* ; Saliva*

Rapid maxillary expansion is widely used for the correction of anteroposterior discrepancies, constriction of the maxillary arch, etc. This experiment was undertaken to examine the serial changes in the osteogenesis as well as the collagen fiber bundles in the intermaxillary suture during the rapid maxillary expansion treatment. Four young female dogs aged 6 to 8 months old and not showing menarche yet were used for the experiment. The maxillary impression of dogs were taken, expansion device cast and Hyrax screw soldered at the midline in the 1st premolar area. RME device was delivered to the dogs and the activation of 0.25mm per quarter-tum was done 2 times per day for 10 days until 5mm separation was made. Separation of the maxilla was confirmed by X ?ray. The animals were sacrificed on 0, 15, 30, 60 days from the finish of maxillary separation and preparations for light microscopy and surface electron microscopy were made. The sutures were cut into frontal serial sections for examination of the histological reactions. The following results were obtained and the conclusions made. 1. The edges of the two palatal plates bordering the midpalatal suture which at the beginning of the retention period were mainly composed of compact bone, underwent extensive resorption followed by new bone formation and gradually became spongy bone rich in bone marrow which in the 60 day retention animal became the compact bone with short intermaxillary suture space. During this transformation, newly formed trabecular bone tissues were added to the original margin. 2. Throughout the expansion period, the collagen fibers underwent successive changes such as stretching, loss of polarity, and finally fibrillogenesis. Towards the end of the expansion procedure, sharpey's fiber formation in newly formed bones were observed. 3. Bony spicules were found in the initial stage of retention on occlusal topographic X -rays, which later were confirmed to have ossified. 4. Judging from the histological changes occuring during the experimental expansion, excessive expansion will cause an excessive bleeding, and retard the remodeling of intermaxillary suture. According to the above results, the bone remodeling after rapid maxillary expansion was preceded by the migration of migratory cells into the intermaxillary suture area. The bone remodeling phenomena were on-going during the 2 months retention sample.
Animals ; Bicuspid ; Bone and Bones ; Bone Marrow ; Bone Remodeling ; Collagen ; Constriction ; Dogs* ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hyraxes ; Infant ; Maxilla ; Menarche ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron ; Osteogenesis ; Palatal Expansion Technique* ; Sutures* ; Young Adult*

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: In order to recognize predictive factors of the recurrent seizure attacks with benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spike(BECCT), we have studied the factors such as age of seizure onset, sex of the patient, frequency and duration of seizure Prior to therapy, initial antiepileptic drug, which are presumed to influence the recurrence of seizure attack. METHODS: Among the children with BECCT, who visited the department of pediatrics, Chuncheon Sacred Heart hospital, Hallym University from Jan. 1985 to Dec. 1997, 52 patients who were followed up for more than 12 months after disappearance of the seizure, have been studied. The patients were divided into three groups, (group I; seizure duration is less than 3 months, groups II; seizure duration less than 12 months, group III; seizure duration more than 12 months) by duration of seizure recurrence, and compared with difference of seizure recurrence by predicting factor in each group. Data were analysed by using DBSTAT version 1.0 by ANOVA. RESULTS: 1) Age onset of seizure The age onset of seizure in group I is 8.6+/-2.0 years and 7.9 +/-3.5 years in group II, 6.2+/-1.7 years in group III. The younger the seizure standted, the more seizures recurred(p<0.05). Our study revealed no age differences of the seizure remission in 3 groups. 2) Sex : Among the 52 patients, 30 patients were male, 22 patients were female. The ratio of the male to female was 1:1(12/12) in group I, 1:1.5(2/3) in group II, 2.3: 1(16/7) in group III. The recurrence rate was higher in male than in female. But no statistically difference in recurrence rate by the sex was revealed. 3) Seizure duration and seizure frequency prior to therapy : In group I, pretreatment duration was 1.6+/-3.5 months, frequency of the attacks was 2.0+/-1.0. In group II, duration 1.3+/-1.2 months, frequency 3.2+/-0.5. In group III, duration 3.5+/-6.9 months, frequency 3.5+/-1.8. Our study revered statistically significant differences in values of frequencies and durations in each groups(p<0.05). 4) Initial anticonvulsant and seizure recurrence : Seizure recurred in 36% of patients treated by carbamazepine, and 55.6% of valproate, 66.7% of phenobarbital, 37.5% of diphenylhydantion. There was no significant relation between initial anticonvulsant and seizure recurrence in each group. CONCLUSION: Our data support that age onset and seizure frequency were predictive factor fort seizure recurrence. BECCT Is a age dependent genetic disorder with variable penetrance, having longer duration of seizure with earlier onset. Clinical seizures and abnormal EEG trait tend to remit at certain age, regardless of onset age and treatment.
Age of Onset ; Carbamazepine ; Child ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy ; Epilepsy, Rolandic* ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Heart ; Humans ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Penetrance ; Phenobarbital ; Recurrence* ; Seizures* ; Valproic Acid