No abstract available.
Hypoglycemia*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Breast* ; Glucuronidase* ; Lipase* ; Milk, Human*

No abstract available.
Thrombasthenia*

A clinical observation was done on 38 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, who had been admitted to our pediatric department during past 3 years period, from January 1978 to September 1980. The following results were obtained: At the beginning of illness, 42% were in the age group of 3~7year, and male to female ratio was approximately 3:1 of male preponderance. During initial attack and subsequent relapses, pitting edema on extremities was noticed in all cases, followed in frequency by generalized edema in 71%, ascites and /or pleural effusion in 65.8% and GI trouble in 47.4%. Response to initial continuous steroid therapy showed complete remission(group 4) in 37.8%, partial remission(group 23) in 46% and no response(group 1) in 16.2%, Within 2 weeks after instiution of steroid therapy, both diuresis and disappearance of proteinuria were noted in 57.1%. Nephritic manifestations, eg. Hematruia, hypertension & azotemia, were seen in 21.6%, 10.8%, 24.3% respectively, and the majority of children with these manifestations showed poor response to steroid therapy. Nine out of 21 patients in whon follow-up could be done over 1 year, experienced one or more relapses, giving 43% relapse rate during the 1st year, and URI was accompanied in about half of these episodes. Percutaneous renal biopsy done on 17 patients who showed steroid dependency or no response to poor response toward steroid therapy showed the following results: Minimal change nephrotic syndrome in 8, membranous nephropathy in 3, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in 3, focal segmental sclerosis in 1 and focal proliferative glomerulonephritis in 2. And male to female ratio was 13:4. ?Pulse?therapy with bolus dosasge of methylprednisolone was tried on 9 patients, resulting in disappearance of relapse or significant improvement in blood chemistry & urinary finding in 5. And 2 out of 5 patients in whom immunosuppressant therapy with cytoxan was giveu due to poor response to steroid, experienced complete remission. During the same study period, secondary nephrotic syndrome was observed in 6 out of 54 patients with acute glomerulonephritis, and heavy proteinuria over 2 gm/m2/day, was seen in 6 patients with acute glomerulonephritis and 2 patients with congestive heart failure.
Ascites ; Azotemia ; Biopsy ; Chemistry ; Child* ; Cyclophosphamide ; Diuresis ; Edema ; Extremities ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glomerulonephritis ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; Nephrosis, Lipoid ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Pleural Effusion ; Proteinuria ; Recurrence ; Sclerosis

BACKGROUND: Increased glucose uptake, a process that is mediated by glucose transporter (Glut1) proteins, is an important metabolic feature in a variety of cancer cells. The overexpression of Glut1 in human cancers is known to be related to a variety of histopathological parameters, including histological grade, proliferation rate, and lymphatic invasion. The principal objective of this study was to evaluate Glut1 expression in the spectrum of pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors including typical carcinoid tumor (TC), atypical carcinoid tumor (AC), large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), and small cell carcinoma (SCC), and to characterize the relationship between Glut1 expression and the histologic grade of NE tumors. METHODS: 19 TC, 7 AC, 13 LCNEC, and 6 SCC patients were included in this study. The percentages of Glut1-positive tumor cells in these patients were determined. For statistical analysis, Glut1 expression was subdivided into a Glut1-low expression group (0-30%) and a Glut1-high expression group (31-90%). RESULTS: In our subgroup analyses, the histological grade of pulmonary neuroendocrine (NE) tumors was significantly correlated with Glut1 expression; TC (n=19, 3.6+/-4.2%), AC (n=7, 20.0+/-4.9%), LCNEC (n=13, 60.0+/-21.1%), and SCC (n=6, 74.2+/-16.9%). Glut1-high expression was significantly associated with high-grade NE tumors such as LCNEC and SCC (n=19, 62.6+/-21.0%) (p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study appear to indicate that Glut1 overexpression is a consistent feature of high-grade NE lung tumors.
Carcinoid Tumor ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Glucose ; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative ; Glucose Transporter Type 1 ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Neuroendocrine Tumors ; Proteins

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the public perception of laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) according to the age group. METHODS: An anonymous questionnaire about the desire for cosmesis and the preference for LESS in treatment of benign gynecologic diseases was provided to healthy volunteers (n=102). The survey participants were divided into two age groups (young women < or =40 years and middle-aged women >40 years). The desire for cosmesis was assessed using a validated scale, Body Image Scale. RESULTS: All of the participants completed the questionnaire. The Body Image Scale scores were not different between the two age groups (11.5+/-3.5 vs. 11.8+/-4.0, P=0.656). The most common fear of surgery was the risk of complications in both age groups (69% in the young age group and 65% in the middle-aged group). Unless the operative risk increased, most of the participants (61% to 67%) in both age groups preferred LESS. Their choice was influenced by reduced scarring (43% to 61%), more safety (20% to 39%), reduced postoperative pain (8% to 10%), and new technology (4% to 6%). CONCLUSION: Based on these results, there was no difference in the desire for cosmesis and perception of LESS according to the age. Therefore, physicians should discuss and consider LESS even in middle-aged women.
Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Body Image ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Genital Diseases, Female ; Gynecology* ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Pain, Postoperative

Objective: Dysphagia is a common clinical condition characterized by difficulty in swallowing. It is sub-classified into oropharyngeal dysphagia, which refers to problems in the mouth and pharynx, and esophageal dysphagia, which refers to problems in the esophageal body and esophagogastric junction. Dysphagia can have a significant negative impact one’s physical health and quality of life as its severity increases. Therefore, proper assessment and management of dysphagia are critical for improving swallowing function and preventing complications. Thus a guideline was developed to provide evidence-based recommendations for assessment and management in patients with dysphagia. Methods: Nineteen key questions on dysphagia were developed. These questions dealt with various aspects of problems related to dysphagia, including assessment, management, and complications. A literature search for relevant articles was conducted using Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and one domestic database of KoreaMed, until April 2021. The level of evidence and recommendation grade were established according to the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology. Results: Early screening and assessment of videofluoroscopic swallowing were recommended for assessing the presence of dysphagia. Therapeutic methods, such as tongue and pharyngeal muscle strengthening exercises and neuromuscular electrical stimulation with swallowing therapy, were effective in improving swallowing function and quality of life in patients with dysphagia. Nutritional intervention and an oral care program were also recommended. Conclusion This guideline presents recommendations for the assessment and management of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia, including rehabilitative strategies.