Objective:To analyze the clinical symptoms and types of disc displacement of patients with anterior disc displacement (ADD) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and to explore the correlation between chewing side preference (CSP) and the clinical symptoms and types of disc displacement of ADD patients.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of the ADD patients diagnosed by clinical symptoms and MRI findings of TMJ in the Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA from January 2018 to December 2019. A total of 111 ADD patients [33 males and 78 females, aged (31.0±10.9) years old] were included. The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they had CSP: non-CSP group ( n=40) and CSP group ( n=71). The clinical symptoms and types of ADD were observed and recorded. According to the specific side of CSP in the CSP group, the patients were further divided into the ipsilateral side and the contralateral side of CSP. The pain, TMJ sounds and the ADD types were also observed. Chi square test was used to compare the pain, TMJ sounds, limited mouth opening and ADD types of the two groups. Binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the correlation between CSP and clinical symptoms and ADD characteristics. Results:The incidence of pain in the CSP group [89% (63/71)] was significantly higher than that in the non-CSP group [70% (28/40)] ( P<0.05). In CSP patients, the incidences of pain and joint sounds on the ipsilateral side of CSP were significantly higher than that on the contralateral side ( P<0.05). MRI showed that the incidence of bilateral ADD in the CSP group [58%(41/71)] was significantly higher than that in the non-CSP group [37%(15/40)] ( P<0.05).There were significant differences in the incidences of no disc displacement (DD), anterior disk displacement with reduction(ADDwR) and anterior disk displacement without reduction (ADDwoR) between ipsilateral and contralateral joints of the CSP patients ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidences of no DD, ADDwR and ADDwoR between left and right joints of the non-CSP patients ( P>0.05). The incidence of ADDwoR in ipsilateral side of the CSP patients was significantly higher than that in contralateral side ( P<0.05). Pain ( OR=3.375) and the side of disc displacement ( OR=2.278) in patients with ADD were positively correlated with CSP ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The clinical symptoms and types of disc displacement between patients with and without CSP were significantly different. The incidences of pain and bilateral disc displacement in the CSP group were significantly higher than those in the non-CSP group. In addition, the incidences of pain, TMJ sounds and anterior disk displacement without reduction on the ipsilateral side of patients with CSP were significantly higher than those on the contralateral side. The pain symptoms and side of disc displacement were positively related to CSP.

Objective:To investigate the clinical symptoms and cone-beam CT (CBCT) imaging characteristics of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) with chewing side preference (CSP).Methods:One hundred patients with TMJOA diagnosed in the Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of the Chinese PLA from January 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled, including 32 males and 68 females, with an median age of 27.5 years (16-71 years). According to the habit of CSP, 100 cases were divided into 71 cases of TMJOA with CSP group and 29 cases of TMJOA without CSP group. The clinical symptoms were observed, including pain, TMJ sounds, limited mouth opening as well as the radiograph imaging changes of condylar bone. When analyzing the radiograph imaging changes of condylar, the cases with bilateral TMJ symptoms were excluded and the remaining cases were divided into symptomatic sides and asymptomatic sides with CSP or without CSP according to the symptoms of the chief complaint. SPSS 25.0 was used to analyze the statistical data. Age data did not conform to normal distribution so that median and quartile spacing were used for description, and Mann-Whitney U test was used for nonparametric test. Qualitative data such as gender, clinical symptoms and condylar lesion types were described by composition ratio and chi-square test was performed. Results:There was no statistical significance in age and gender of TMJOA patients in the group with or without CSP ( P>0.05). The incidence of pain in CSP group [83.1% (59/71)] was marginally higher than that in non-CSP group [65.5% (19/29)] but without statistical difference (χ2 =3.71, P=0.054). There was also no significant difference in TMJ sounds and limitation of mandibular movement between the two groups (χ2 =0.11, P=0.742; χ2 =0.48, P=0.489). Among all of joints, the most common types of TMJOA were articular flattening and shortening and erosion. CBCT showed that erosion [65.0% (130/200)], flattening and shortening [73.0% (146/200)], subcortical sclerosis [42.0% (84/200)], osteophyte [30.5% (61/200)] and subcortical cystic [15.5% (31/200)]. According to the different groups of chief complaint sides, intra-group comparisons show that the proportion of erosion in symptomatic sides of CSP group [80.0% (40/50)] was significantly higher than that in asymptomatic sides of CSP group [50.0% (25/50)] (χ2=9.89, P=0.002). Inter-group comparisons show that the proportion of condyle flattening and shortening in symptomatic sides of CSP group [84.0% (42/50)] was significantly higher than that in bilateral joint of non-CSP group (8/15) (χ2=8.81, P=0.032). There was no significant difference in the proportion of subcortical sclerosis, osteophyte and subcortical cystic between the group with or without CSP ( P>0.05). Conclusions:TMJOA patients with CSP may be more prone to clinical symptoms of pain and CBCT imaging changes of condyle erosion as well as flattening and shortening. CSP may be a promoting factor for the development of TMJOA.

BACKGROUND:Recent studies have shown that research on naringin anti-osteoporosis mostly stays in in vitro and in vivo experiments.Understanding the mechanism of related signaling pathways and the expression of related proteins and some specific genes is an important way to deeply understand naringin anti-osteoporosis.At present,traditional Chinese medicine has been confirmed to have a significant role in anti-osteoporosis.Naringin is one of the main active ingredients in Rhizoma Drynariae.Its effectiveness and mechanism of action against osteoporosis have been gradually recognized by scholars,and its clinical and basic research has been gradually emphasized. OBJECTIVE:To analyze and summarize the research progress of naringin in anti-osteoporosis in vitro and in vivo,thereby providing some ideas for the next step to study its related mechanism of action. METHODS:The relevant literatures included in CNKI and PubMed database were searched with the Chinese search terms of"naringin,osteoporosis,traditional Chinese medicine compound,pathogenesis,signaling pathway,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,osteoblasts,osteoclasts"in Chinese and English,respectively.The corresponding criteria were established according to the research needs,and finally 69 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Naringin blocks the increase in the number of osteoclasts and adipocytes,the decrease in the number of osteocytes and osteocalcin(+)cells induced by fructose-rich diet,and promotes the secretion of Sema3A from osteoblasts and osteocytes,thereby enhancing local bone formation and inhibiting osteoclast production by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Naringin is an important way to induce autophagy of osteoblasts,but autophagy-related proteins participate in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation.Lack of autophagy in osteoblasts reduces mineralization and leads to an imbalance in the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts,which results in bone loss and decreased bone density.The composite scaffold loaded with naringin can be used as a necessary carrier for bone defect repair and has excellent bone repair properties.Naringin can also accelerate the growth of new bone tissue by increasing the local contents of bone morphogenetic protein 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor.Naringin can regulate bone metabolism and inhibit oxidative stress via ERK,PI3K/Akt and Wnt signaling pathways to improve osteoporosis,which can play a good role in preventing and controlling the disease.However,the depth and breadth of the relevant research is insufficient.Based on the mechanism of the current study,we should investigate the specific mechanisms by which naringin regulates different pathways and inter-pathway interactions in the future,which will be beneficial to the multifaceted development of naringin used in the treatment of osteoporosis..

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a modified sericin hydrogel scaffold loaded with dexamethasone(SMH-CD/DEX)scaffold for promoting bone defect healing by stimulating anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization.Methods The light-curable SMH-CD/DEX scaffold was prepared using dexamethasone-loaded NH2-β-cyclodextrin(NH2-β-CD)and sericin hydrogel and characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),biocompatibility assessment and drug release test.THP-1 macrophages incubated with the scaffold were examined for protein expressions of iNOS and Arg-1,mRNA expressions of IL-6,Il-10,Arg-1 and iNOS,and surface markers CD86 and CD206 using Western blotting,RT-qPCR,and flow cytometry.In a co-culture system of human periodontal ligament stem cells(HPDLSCs)and THP-1 macrophages,the osteogenic ability of the stem cells incubated with the scaffold was evaluated by detecting protein expressions of COL1A1 and Runx2 and expressions of ALP,Runx2,OCN and BMP2 mRNA,ALP staining,and alizarin red staining.In a rat model of mandibular bone defect,the osteogenic effect of the scaffold was assessed by observing bone regeneration using micro-CT and histopathological staining.Results In THP-1 macrophages,incubation with SMH-CD/DEX scaffold significantly enhanced protein expressions of Arg-1 and mRNA expressions of IL-10 and Arg-1 and lowered iNOS protein expression and IL-6 and iNOS mRNA expressions.In the co-culture system,SMH-CD/DEX effectively increased the protein expressions of COL1A1 and Runx2 and mRNA expressions of ALP and BMP2 in HPDLSCs and promoted their osteogenic differentiation.In the rat models,implantation of SMH-CD/DEX scaffold significantly promoted bone repair and bone regeneration in the bone defect.Conclusion The SMH-CD/DEX scaffold capable of sustained dexamethasone release promotes osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and bone defect repair in rats by regulating M2 polarization.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a modified sericin hydrogel scaffold loaded with dexamethasone(SMH-CD/DEX)scaffold for promoting bone defect healing by stimulating anti-inflammatory macrophage polarization.Methods The light-curable SMH-CD/DEX scaffold was prepared using dexamethasone-loaded NH2-β-cyclodextrin(NH2-β-CD)and sericin hydrogel and characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),biocompatibility assessment and drug release test.THP-1 macrophages incubated with the scaffold were examined for protein expressions of iNOS and Arg-1,mRNA expressions of IL-6,Il-10,Arg-1 and iNOS,and surface markers CD86 and CD206 using Western blotting,RT-qPCR,and flow cytometry.In a co-culture system of human periodontal ligament stem cells(HPDLSCs)and THP-1 macrophages,the osteogenic ability of the stem cells incubated with the scaffold was evaluated by detecting protein expressions of COL1A1 and Runx2 and expressions of ALP,Runx2,OCN and BMP2 mRNA,ALP staining,and alizarin red staining.In a rat model of mandibular bone defect,the osteogenic effect of the scaffold was assessed by observing bone regeneration using micro-CT and histopathological staining.Results In THP-1 macrophages,incubation with SMH-CD/DEX scaffold significantly enhanced protein expressions of Arg-1 and mRNA expressions of IL-10 and Arg-1 and lowered iNOS protein expression and IL-6 and iNOS mRNA expressions.In the co-culture system,SMH-CD/DEX effectively increased the protein expressions of COL1A1 and Runx2 and mRNA expressions of ALP and BMP2 in HPDLSCs and promoted their osteogenic differentiation.In the rat models,implantation of SMH-CD/DEX scaffold significantly promoted bone repair and bone regeneration in the bone defect.Conclusion The SMH-CD/DEX scaffold capable of sustained dexamethasone release promotes osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and bone defect repair in rats by regulating M2 polarization.