Objective To study the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on knee hyperextension in patients withstroke. Methods 60 patients with stroke were divided into treatment and control groups (30 cases each group). Both groups accepted medicineand routine rehabilitation, while the treatment group accepted PNF of knee additionally. Results The incidence of knee hyperextensionwas 7 (23.3%) in treatment group and 18 (60.0%) in control group (P<0.01) 3 months after treatment. The timed "up & go" improved morein the treatment group than in the control (P<0.01). Conclusion PNF of the knee at early stage of stroke can prevent knee hyperextensionand improve the walking.

OBJECTIVES: Shift work is a stressful situation. It is important to know the factors associated with the ability to adapt to a shift work schedule. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between sleep, as well as personality variables, and the resilience of shift work nurses. METHOD: Self-report questionnaires were administered to 95 nurses who worked in one national university hospital. Connor-Davidson resilience scale, hospital anxiety and depression scale, morningness-eveningness scale, Pittsburgh sleep quality index, other sleep-related questionnaires, and Korean defense style questionnaires were used. RESULTS: Age, shift work duration, off-day oversleep, depression, anxiety, adaptive defense style, and self-suppressive defense style were significantly associated with resilience (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that age (beta = 0.34, p < 0.05), depression (beta = -0.25, p < 0.05), adaptive defense style (beta = 0.45, p < 0.001), and self-suppressive defense style (beta = -0.19, p < 0.05) significantly predicted the resilience of shift work nurses. Concerning individual defense mechanisms, resignation (beta = -0.20, p < 0.05), sublimation (beta = 0.19, p < 0.05), omnipotence (beta = 0.19, p < 0.05), and humor (beta = 0.20, p < 0.05) significantly predicted the resiliency. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that a specific defense style and other mechanisms were associated with the resilience of shift work nurses. A future prospective study with more participants could further clarify the relationship between sleep-related variables, as well as personality factors, and resilience of shift work nurses.
Anxiety ; Appointments and Schedules ; Defense Mechanisms ; Depression ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sublimation

The main reason of invalidation of prosthetic hip joint is the prostheses flexibility and shift, dislocation and disjunction. Promoting the long time stability of the prostheses is the key of improving the long term hip joint replacement effect. Former research work was focused on the upper segment of femur, and assumed the acetabulum cup to be a spheric concave, and the external form of acetabulum prostheses was basically semi spheric. This paper presents a method of acquiring the point data on the surface of the hip bone using the reverse engineering technology. By analyzing the acetabulum surface fitting error we use rotating elliptical surface to fit the acetabulum surface, together with the optimal technique to build up the CAD model of acetabulum surface. We compare the fitting error between the sphere fitting and rotating elliptical surface fitting and get the result that the rotating elliptical surface fitting error is smaller than the sphere fitting error, and the rotating elliptical surface can describe the shape of the acetabulum better.
Acetabulum ; anatomy & histology ; Anthropometry ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Computer Simulation ; Computer-Aided Design ; Hip Joint ; anatomy & histology ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Models, Anatomic ; Prosthesis Design

By using the reverse engineering (RE) technology, the mesh surface model of acetabulum was reconstructed by triangulation. Based on this kind of model, the local morphological analysis (LMA) and global morphological analysis (GMA) could be processed. The fitting minimal quadric surface method was applied to calculate the curvature of any point on the acetabulum bony surface, the local morphological character of its surface could be acquired, and its global surface character could be determined by GMA. The results showed that the acetabulum bony surface is elliptical surface, and its three eigenvalues (lambda1, lambda2, lambda3) relations on the three axes (x, y, z) are as follows: lambda1 is short than lambda2 and lambda3, lambda2 is close to lambda3.
Acetabulum ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Models, Anatomic

Organoids show great potential in clinical translational research owing to their intriguing properties to represent a near physiological model for native tissues. However, the dependency of organoid generation on the use of poorly defined matrices has hampered their clinical application. Current organoid culture systems mostly reply on biochemical signals provided by medium compositions and cell-cell interactions to control growth. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, cell-ECM interactions, and mechanical signals for organoid expansion and differentiation. Thus, several hydrogel systems prepared using natural or synthetic-based materials have been designed to recreate the stem cell niche in vitro, providing biochemical, biophysical, and mechanical signals. In this review, we discuss how recapitulating multiple aspects of the tissue-specific environment through designing and applying matrices could contribute to accelerating the translation of organoid technology from the laboratory to therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications.

Good sleepers tend to more resilient than poor sleepers. As sleep and resilience may have a bidirectional relationship, it is important to explore the relationship between healthy sleep and resilience. Objectively and subjectively measured sleep quality showed positive association with resiliency. In one study, more resilient adolescents had higher sleep efficiency, less light sleep, more slow-wave sleep, and a smaller number of awakenings after sleep onset. Circadian typology, jetlag and circadian misalignment may be associated with the capacity to deal with adversity. Eveningness, exposure to chronic jetlag and circadian misalignment might be risk factors for development of psychological problems and mental disorders. Additional studies are needed to evaluate whether promoting healthy sleep behaviors results in increased resilience.
Adolescent ; Circadian Rhythm ; Humans ; Jet Lag Syndrome ; Mental Disorders ; Mental Health ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVES: Suicide is one of the leading causes of death among young adults. We investigated whether anxiety level and sleep quality were related to suicide ideation among university students. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed to 1094 students at a local college. The scale for suicide Ideation, the Hospital Anxiety-Depression scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Morningness-eveningness questionnaires were used. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between these variables and suicide ideation. RESULTS: Among the 292 students who answered the suicide ideation questionnaire, 31 students had a high suicide ideation score and 261 patients had a low suicide ideation score. Demographic variables that showed significant differences between the two groups were gender, exercise, chronotype, sleep quality, depression and anxiety. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that suicidal ideation increased as the level of sleep quality decreased. There was no significant relationship between depression and suicidal ideation. Another multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between sleep quality sleep related factors. This suggested the quality of sleep decreased as weekend oversleep increased. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that when anxiety was higher and the quality of sleep was lower, the more suicide ideation increased. Therefore, improving sleep quality and reducing anxiety are important strategies for reducing suicidal ideation.
Anxiety* ; Cause of Death ; Depression ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Suicidal Ideation* ; Suicide ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether the resilience of males with probable bipolar depression (PBD) can be strengthened and compared it to that of males with probable unipolar depression (PUD). METHODS: Prospective data for 198 participants (PBD: 66, PUD: 66, normal control: 66) were analyzed. The participants' resilience, bipolarity and severity of depressive symptoms were evaluated at baseline and after 5 weeks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measure ANOVA was performed for comparing resilience between three groups through a basic military training. RESULTS: The PBD group demonstrated more resilience than the PUD group at baseline. Participants with PBD became significantly more resilient than participants with PUD after 5 weeks (p<0.01, F=6.967, η²(p)=0.052). CONCLUSION: The study indicates that interventions that strengthen resilience need to be developed for males with PBD and that such interventions are more effective for males with PBD than PUD.
Bipolar Disorder* ; Depression ; Depressive Disorder* ; Humans ; Male* ; Military Personnel ; Prospective Studies

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the smoking behaviors in adolescents from monocultural and multicultural families and to evaluate the associations between their smoking behavior and number of suicide attempts. METHODS: The data used in this study was collected from The Tenth Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. The differences in the sociodemographic characteristics between the adolescents in the multicultural and monocultural families were analyzed through the χ2-test, and a logistic regression was conducted to evaluate the relationships between the smoking behavior and number of suicide attempts of the adolescents in multicultural families. The process involved an analysis using a complex sample design. RESULTS: There was significant difference in the weighted rates of the current smoking behavior (13.3% vs. 8.4%, p<0.001), experience of violence (6.8% vs. 2.3%, p<0.001), and number of suicide attempts (5.4% vs. 2.7%, p<0.001) between the adolescents from the multicultural and monocultural families. In both groups, the current smoking behavior was associated with the number of suicide attempts (multicultural families OR=6.5, p=0.005; monocultural families OR=1.5, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the percentage of current smokers in the adolescents from multicultural families was higher than that in the monocultural families and that current smoking behavior is related to the number of suicide attempts in both groups, after adjustment for age, sex, socioeconomic status, academic achievement, current smoking behavior, depressive mood and experience of violence.
Adolescent* ; Humans ; Korea* ; Logistic Models ; Risk-Taking ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Social Class ; Suicide ; Violence

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of social support on metabolic syndrome (MetS) among elderly population in a city in Korea. METHODS: A total of 352 people all over 60 years of age were analyzed from the data of the Korean Longitudinal Study on Cognitive Aging and Dementia. This study was started in 2010 and is in progress till date. We compared the documented diagnoses of MetS and Medical Outcome Study Social Support Survey at the baseline of the study and two years later. RESULTS: 315 were normal, 37 were developed after two years among subjects without MetS at baseline. When the level of social support was compared at baseline and then at the time of the reassessment two years later, the level had increased in the normal group and the level had not significantly changed for the MetS group. The findings documented at the two year mark indicate that the higher and stronger the level of social support, the lower the risk of developing MetS (odds ratio=0.053, p=0.040). CONCLUSION: The elderly with good social support are noted to be at lower risk in developing MetS as opposed to those with poor social support. It is apparent that adequate social support shows reduced prevalence of MetS among the elderly. Methods to identify strategies in improving social support networks are needed to expand public health resources and to better accommodate the community-based care of the elderly.
Aged* ; Cognitive Aging ; Dementia ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea* ; Longitudinal Studies ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Prevalence ; Public Health