Objective To evaluate the effects of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) therapy combined with conventional ventilation in the infants with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN).Methods NO inspiration was added for 22 infants with PPI-IN ventilated with FiO2≥0. 9,PIP≥30 cm H2O,PEEP≥3 cm H2O,RR≥50 bpm for 4～6 hours,with SpO2 still < 90% and PaO2 <55 mm Hg. The iNO concentration started at (10～20)×10-6 for 20 infants,and (20～40)×10-6 for 2 infants. The iNO would be stopped when the concentration reached 40×10 -6 without any sign of improvement. The SpO2 ,blood gas analyses,blood pressure, heart rate and NO: concentration were moraitored during therapy and the resulting data compared to readings before administration of int. Results Clinical situation were significantly improved in 20 (91%) of the infants with SpO2 gradually going up after 10 minutes of int. Before iNO,mean Fit2 was 0. 9±0. 1 ,SpO2 was(76. 3±13.3)% ,and Pat2 was (46. 4±10. 1 ) man Hg. From 1 to 6 hours after iNO,SpO2 increased to(95. 1±3.8)% ,Pat2 increased to(92. 8±24.7) mm Hg,FiO2 decreased to 0.6 s0. 1.The differences were significant (P < 0. 01 ). Eighteen of 22 (82%) infants surviving. Conclusion iNO is effective in alleviating PPHN in infants. There are no remarkable side effects. It is more beneficial to start the iNO concentration at (10～20)×10-6 while some infants may need NO concentration at up to (20～40)×10-6.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy of clarithromycin in the treatment of upper respiratory tract mycoplasmal infections(URTI)in children METHODS:68 cases were divided into two groups according to different therapeutic schemes:observation group(38 patients)received clarithromycin,10～15mg/(kg?d),bid,po,double the first dose;control group(30 patients) were treated with erythromycin,20～30mg/(kg?d),tid,po or iv drip qd for 7 days RESULTS:Observation group had significantly higher overall effective rate(P

Objective:This study evaluated two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound (US) features of congenital Hemangioma (CH), and to compare it with infantile hemangioma (IH).Methods:Between December 2015 and January 2019, ultrasound examination of IH and CH cases were carried out in the Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. US findings were retrospectively evaluated. On US images, the size, depth, echotexture, echogenicity, margin, vessel density, blood flow velocity and 3-dimension ultrasound pattern were recorded. Students’ t, variance analysis, K-W test and χ2 test were used for comparison. Results:A total of 93 CH cases and 94 IH ones were included in the study. There were 59 males and 34 females aged from 5 days to 3 years. Among 93 CH cases, 30 cases were rapid involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH), 42 cases were non involuting congenital hemangioma (NICH), and 21 cases were partial involuting congenital hemangioma (PICH). There were 98 lesions in 94 patients with IH, including 22 males and 72 females, aged from 1 month to 1 year.The maximum diameter and depth of CH was (4.12±2.36) cm and (1.02±0.61) cm respectively, the lesions were mixed echoic with hypo-echo and many visible vessels mainly with well-defined, sometimes calcification. The maximum diameter and depth of IH was (2.54±1.21) cm and (0.85±0.47) cm respectively, the lesions were mixed echoic with hyper-and hypo-echo, and hypoechoic mainly with well-defined. The vascular density of IH and CH was (5.32±1.40)/cm 2 and (6.01±1.10)/cm 2( t=-3.794, P<0.001)respectively with low arterial peak systolic velocity and low resistance index. The 3-dimension color Doppler revealed branch-shape blood flow for IH and CH. IH showed one supply artery and CH showed two( χ2=3.948, P=0.047). Compared with the three kinds of CH, NICH is mostly mixed echo, RICH is mostly hypoechoic, the maximum diameter and thickness of RICH and PICH lesions are larger than NICH ( t=3.411, P=0.002; t=4.200, P<0.001; t=2.552, P=0.015; t=3.016, P=0.015). The vascular density of NICH is higher than RICH and PICH ( t=-3.209, P=0.002; t=2.485, P=0.016). And the anechoic lumen of PICH lesions is wider than RICH and NICH ( t=2.911, P=0.005; t=2.717, P<0.001). Conclusions:CH lesion was larger than IH one, with visible vessels and calcification on ultrasound, and higher vascular density. The three-dimension color Doppler revealed that IH had one supply artery and CH had two. The maximum diameter and thickness of RICH and PICH lesions are larger than NICH, the vascular density of NICH is higher than RICH and PICH.

Objective:This study evaluated two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound (US) features of congenital Hemangioma (CH), and to compare it with infantile hemangioma (IH).Methods:Between December 2015 and January 2019, ultrasound examination of IH and CH cases were carried out in the Ninth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. US findings were retrospectively evaluated. On US images, the size, depth, echotexture, echogenicity, margin, vessel density, blood flow velocity and 3-dimension ultrasound pattern were recorded. Students’ t, variance analysis, K-W test and χ2 test were used for comparison. Results:A total of 93 CH cases and 94 IH ones were included in the study. There were 59 males and 34 females aged from 5 days to 3 years. Among 93 CH cases, 30 cases were rapid involuting congenital hemangioma (RICH), 42 cases were non involuting congenital hemangioma (NICH), and 21 cases were partial involuting congenital hemangioma (PICH). There were 98 lesions in 94 patients with IH, including 22 males and 72 females, aged from 1 month to 1 year.The maximum diameter and depth of CH was (4.12±2.36) cm and (1.02±0.61) cm respectively, the lesions were mixed echoic with hypo-echo and many visible vessels mainly with well-defined, sometimes calcification. The maximum diameter and depth of IH was (2.54±1.21) cm and (0.85±0.47) cm respectively, the lesions were mixed echoic with hyper-and hypo-echo, and hypoechoic mainly with well-defined. The vascular density of IH and CH was (5.32±1.40)/cm 2 and (6.01±1.10)/cm 2( t=-3.794, P<0.001)respectively with low arterial peak systolic velocity and low resistance index. The 3-dimension color Doppler revealed branch-shape blood flow for IH and CH. IH showed one supply artery and CH showed two( χ2=3.948, P=0.047). Compared with the three kinds of CH, NICH is mostly mixed echo, RICH is mostly hypoechoic, the maximum diameter and thickness of RICH and PICH lesions are larger than NICH ( t=3.411, P=0.002; t=4.200, P<0.001; t=2.552, P=0.015; t=3.016, P=0.015). The vascular density of NICH is higher than RICH and PICH ( t=-3.209, P=0.002; t=2.485, P=0.016). And the anechoic lumen of PICH lesions is wider than RICH and NICH ( t=2.911, P=0.005; t=2.717, P<0.001). Conclusions:CH lesion was larger than IH one, with visible vessels and calcification on ultrasound, and higher vascular density. The three-dimension color Doppler revealed that IH had one supply artery and CH had two. The maximum diameter and thickness of RICH and PICH lesions are larger than NICH, the vascular density of NICH is higher than RICH and PICH.

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous vertebroplasty is the most widely used method for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,and most studies have concluded that percutaneous vertebroplasty increases the probability of adjacent vertebral secondary compression fractures in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.However,controversy remains regarding the risk factors associated with adjacent vertebral re-fracture caused after percutaneous vertebroplasty. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the influencing factors of adjacent vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,in order to provide a certain reference for reducing the risk of its occurrence as well as formulating the corresponding treatment plan. METHODS:Using"osteoporosis,fracture,percutaneous vertebroplasty,adjacent vertebral compression fractures,risk factors"as the Chinese search terms,"osteoporosis,osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,percutaneous vertebroplasty,adjacent vertebral compression fractures,risk factors"as English search terms,computerized searches were conducted on CNKI,Wanfang Medical Network,VIP,PubMed,Springer,ScienceDirect,and Elsevier databases.The search timeframe focuses on January 2018 through September 2023,with the inclusion of a few classic forward literature.The literature was screened by reading the titles and abstracts,and 83 papers were finally included in the review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures are one of the most common complications of osteoporosis,placing elderly patients at a significant risk of disability and death.Percutaneous vertebroplasty is a practical and effective treatment for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.(2)With the popularity of percutaneous vertebroplasty,its secondary vertebral compression fractures have gradually increased,with adjacent vertebral compression fractures being the most common.(3)Previous studies have only discussed the effects of factors such as bone mineral density,multiple vertebral fractures,body mass index,age,sex,amount of bone cement,cement leakage,and anti-osteoporosis treatment on secondary compression fractures of adjacent vertebrae after percutaneous vertebroplasty,and summarized the number of vertebral fractures,timing of the operation,surgical approach,cement material,diffuse distribution of bone cement,recovery height of the injured vertebrae,and wearing of a support after surgery,which is not yet comprehensive.The analysis of the specific mechanisms of risk factor-induced adjacent vertebral fractures is relatively rare.(4)The results of the article showed that low bone mineral density,advanced age,perimenopausal women,multiple vertebral fractures,excessive recovery of the height of the injured vertebrae,cement leakage,comorbid underlying diseases,and poor lifestyle habits were the risk factors for secondary adjacent vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty,and that maintaining a normal body mass index,early surgery,bilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty,use of a new type of cement material,an appropriate volume of bone cement injection and uniform cement dispersion,regular anti-osteoporosis treatment,and postoperative brace wearing are protective factors for secondary adjacent vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty.