Objective To evaluate the association between hypersensitive C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the incidence of acute kidney injury in subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) patients.Methods It retrospectively recruited 213 cases of computerized tomography validated SAH patients from the neurology ICU from Beijing Tiantan Hospital between January 2012 and January 2015.The average age was (56.29±11.95) years old,and the patients were divided into AKI and non-AKI groups according to Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) diagnosis standards, Clinical features of AKI and Non-AKI patients including serum levels of hs-CRP were compared and multi-logistic regression was applied to find the risk factors concerning with the incidence of AKI.Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve was also plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of hs-CRP towards the incidence of AKI.Results A total of 25 (11.74%) patients developed AKI.Average age of the SAH patients in both AKI and non-AKI groups were (63.60±12.21) years old vs.(55.31±11.60) years old(t=-3.33, P<0.05).The ratios of diabetics were were 28.00% vs.11.17% (χ2=5.47,P<0.05) and the ratio of proteinuria were 80.00% vs.34.57%, respectively (χ2=3.83, P<0.05).The median of serum creatinie were 63.72(51.45, 79.72)μmol/L vs.53.21(45.27, 65.62)μmol/L (P<0.05), and serum hs-CRP were (14.12±5.03)mg/L vs.(10.23±6.76)mg/L (P<0.05), and the ratios of antibiotics application were 84.00% vs.43.08% (P<0.05 for all).Multi-logistic regression analysis showed that serum hs-CRP was an independent risk factors for AKI after age, serum creatinine at admission were adjusted.[OR (95% CI) was 3.33(1.13, 9.85),P<0.05 for all].The area under curve of ROC was 0.69 (P<0.05), and the cut-off point of serum hs-CRP under the maximum Youden index was 13.85 mg/L.Conclusion Serum hs-CRP is an independent risk factor of theincidence of AKI in SAH patients, the significantly increase of serum hs-CRP might be an important predictor of the incidence of AKI in SAH patients.

Recently, avian viral diseases have become one of the main models to study mechanisms of viral infections and pathogenesis. The study of regulatory relationships and mechanisms between viruses and microRNAs has also become the focus. In this review, we briefly summarize the general situations of microRNAs encoded by avian herpesviruses. Also, we analyze the regulatory relationships between tumorigenicity of avian herpesviruses and microRNAs. Additionally, the possible applications for prevention and treatment of viral diseases (such as infectious bursal disease, avian influenza and avian leucosis) using the regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs are also discussed.
Animals ; Avian Leukosis ; Birds ; virology ; Birnaviridae Infections ; Herpesviridae ; genetics ; Influenza in Birds ; MicroRNAs ; genetics

Purpose To investigate the diagnostic utility of the immunohistochemical markers SALL4, D2-40 and Glypican-3 in prima-ry testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). Methods The expression of SALL4, D2-40 and Glypican-3 protein was detected by EnVi-sion immunohistochemical method in 56 cases of primary testicular germ cell tumors, including 5 intratubular germ cell neoplasms ( IT-GCNs) , 10 seminomas, 14 embryonal carcinomas ( ECs) , 14 yolk sac tumors ( YSTs) , 1 choriocarcinoma, 5 immature teratomas and 12 mature teratomas. 10 normal testicular tissues and 5 lymphomas were selected as control. Results All of ITGCNs, seminomas, YSTs and ECs were diffusely strongly positive for SALL4. Focal SALL4 staining was seen in choriocarcinoma, 3 of 5 immature terato-mas and 3 of 12 mature teratomas. All of ITGCNs, seminomas showed diffusely strong D2-40 staining. ECs (4/14) were focally posi-tive for D2-40, while choriocarcinoma, YSTs and teratomas were negative for D2-40. Glypican-3 was diffusely positive in YSTs (13/14), and focally weakly positive in ECs (2/14), respectively. ITGCNs, seminomas, choriocarcinoma and teratoma were negative for Glypican-3. In contrast, 10 normal testicular tissues and 5 lymphomas showed no SALL4, D2-40 and Glypican-3 staining. Conclu-sions SALL4 is a useful diagnostic marker with high sensitivity and specificity for TGCTs. Combination of SALL4, D2-40 and Glypi-can-3 is helpful to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis for TGCTs.

Objective:To treat the mixed and deeper infantile hemangioma with ladder dosage propranolol, and to explore its efficacy and safety.Methods:A total of 98 infants with hemangioma were treated by ladder treatment of propranolol.Before treatment,comprehensive assessments of electrocardiogram(ECG),heart color ultrasound, blood glucose,liver function,kidney function,myocardial enzymes and blood routine were conducted.After excluding contraindications,the dose of propranolol incrementally doubled from 0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1 to 4.0 mg·kg-1·d-1.Propranolol was taken 3 times a day.Before and after medication for 1 and 2 h,ECG was monitored.The changes of tumor size,texture,color and other changes or an onset of adverse reactions were dynamicly observed.The infants were visited every month.The efficacy was evaluated using Achauer system.Results: After medication,98 cases had different degrees of color changes or tumor consistency softening.After the dosage of propranolol was increased to 4.0 mg·kg-1·d-1,the change of tumor was the fastest.According to the 4-grade method, there were 84 cases(85.71%) as gradeⅣ (excellent),2 cases (2.04%) as grade Ⅲ (good),4 cases (4.08%) as gradeⅡ (medium)and 8 cases (8.16%) as gradeⅠ (poor).The curative effect of mixed hemangioma was better than that of deeper hemangioma(P<0.05).The recovery time of 74 cases of hemangiomas was 6 months.The major adverse reactions were heart rate decline(5/98,5.10%),drowsiness(3/98,3.06%),diarrhea(7/98,7.14%),loss of appetite (1/98,1.02%), and convulsions (2/98,2.04%).After treatment,all adverse reactions disappeared.Two months after drug withdrawal there were 4 cases of recurrence,and they were continously treated with propranolol.Conclusion: The efficacy of oral ladder dosage propranolol in treatment of mixed and deeper infantile hemangioma is increased significantly and there are no significant adverse reactions.

Objective To establish model of the chicken embryo transplantation of human colon cancer cells ,and investigate the effect of Solanine、VEGF antibody and Solanine combined with VEGF antibody on human colon cancer cells induce tumor angio‐genesis and tumor proliferation .Methods The model of the chicken embryo transplantation of human colon cancer HT‐29 cells were divided into three experimental group and control group .We added to the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane with Sola‐nine、VEGF antibody and Solanine+ VEGF antibody mixture ,PBS was added to the control group .Then we analysed picture through the stereomicroscope and IPP 6 .0 image analysis software ,using immunohistochemistry envision method to detect of CD34 antigen and ki‐67 antigen ,and observing effect of Solanine group ,VEGF antibody group ,Solanine+ VEGF antibody group and the effect on the tumor angiogenesis and tumor proliferation .Results The tumor angiogenesis ,CD34 antigen and ki‐67 antigen of Sola‐nine+VEGF antibody group were significantly better than those of VEGF antibody group and Solanine group(P<0 .01);VEGF antibody group had statistical significant difference with Solanine group(P<0 .01);the effect of other three groups were better than that of the control group(P<0 .01) .Conclusion Solanine、VEGF antibody and Solanine combined with VEGF antibody could in‐hibit tumor angiogenesis and tumor proliferation of human colon cancer cell line HT‐29 to induce .It provides a new way for anti‐an‐giogenes .

Abstract Allostatic load (AL) is related to stress. Adverse childhood experiences(ACEs), as a common stress in childhood, can make a serious and lasting impact on it. Allostatic load can reflect the wear and tear of an individual s physiological system. This article mainly reviews the functional changes of several systems of AL who have experienced ACEs, including neuroendocrine, metabolism, immune, and cardiovascular systems, as well as the different effects of the occurrence time and subtypes of ACES on AL, providing some theoretical basis for the development of early intervention plans in the future and reducing the occurrence and development of deleterious outcomes.

Objective: : This study aimed to investigate the changes and significance of microRNA155 levels in serum of patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). Methods: : Thirty patients with CSVD who met the inclusion criteria were selected and divided into eight patients with lacunar infarction (LI) group and 22 patients with multiple lacunar infarction (MLI) combined with white matter lesions (WML) group according to the results of head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thirty samples from healthy volunteers without abnormalities after head MRI examination were selected as the control group. The levels of serum microRNA155 in each group were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the correlation between microRNA155 in the serum of patients with CSVD and the increase of imaging lesions was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis. Results: : Compared with the control group, the serum microRNA155 level in the LI group, MLI combined with WML group increased, the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05); serum microRNA155 level was positively correlated with the increase of imaging lesions (p<0.05). Conclusion : The change of serum microRNA155 level in patients with CSVD may be one of its self-protection mechanisms, and the intensity of this self-protection mechanism is positively correlated with the number of CSVD lesions.

Objective:To predict the mechanism of Panacis Quinquefolii Radix- Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (PQ-AT) in the treatment of diabetes encephalopathy (DE) using network pharmacology combined with molecular docking; To conduct experimental verification.Methods:The active components and targets of PQ and AT were screened by TCMSP database. The GeneCards and Disgenet were used to collect DE related target genes. String database and Cytoscape software were used to structure PPI network and perform visualization analysis. The common targets were imported into Metascape platform for GO annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding ability of active components to core targets. Rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, and a low-dose group of PQ-AT (1.08 g/kg), a high-dose group of PQ-AT (2.16 g/kg), and a metformin group (0.18 g/kg) using a random number table. To establish the rat model of diabetes encephalopathy, intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin was used in addition to the blank group. After a 12-week drug intervention, TNF-α and Cyclooxygenase-2 (PTGS2) protein expression in the cerebral cortex of rats was detected using Western blot.Results:A total of 26 active components in PQ-AT and 107 related targets of DE were obtained, mainly including TNF, JUN, and PTSG2, which were mainly concentrated in TNF signaling pathway, cancer and other signal pathways. Molecular docking showed that the main active components of PQ-AT had relatively stable binding activity with TNF-α and PTGS2. Western blot results shows that compared with the model group, the expressions of PTGS2 and TNF-α significantly decreased in each administration group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion:PQ-AT can act on TNF, CASP3, JUN, STAT3, PTGS2 and other core targets to regulate signal pathways such as TNF, and inhibit inflammatory reaction to achieve the effect of treating DE.

Objective:To explore the effect of macrophage-derived exosomes on the activation of hepatic stellate cells and its possible mechanism.Methods:Differential ultracentrifugation was used to extract macrophage exosomes. The exosomes were co-cultured with the mouse hepatic stellate cell line JS1, and a control group was established with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Cell immunofluorescence was used to observe the expressional conditions of F-actin. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) was used to detect the survival rate of JS1 cells in the two groups. The activation indices of JS1 cells [collagen type Ⅰ (Col Ⅰ) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)] and its key signal pathway activation index expression level [transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smads, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)] in the two groups were determined using Western blot and RT-PCR. Data comparison between two groups was performed using an independent sample t-test.Results:The membrane structure of exosomes was clearly observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of exosome marker proteins CD63 and CD81 was positive, suggesting that exosomes were successfully extracted. Exosomes were co-cultured with JS1 cells. Compared with the PBS control group, there was no statistically significant difference in the proliferation rate of JS1 cells in the exosomes group ( P＞0.05). The expression of F-actin was significantly increased in the exosome group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of α-SMA and ColⅠwere significantly increased in exosome group JS1 cells (all P＜0.05). The mRNA relative expression levels of α-SMA in PBS and exosome group were 0.25±0.07 and 1.43±0.19, respectively, while that of ColⅠ was 1.03±0.04 and 1.57±0.06, respectively. The mRNA and protein expressions of PDGF were significantly increased in exosome group JS1 cells ( P＜0.05). The mRNA relative expression levels of PDGF in the PBS group and exosome group were 0.27±0.04 and 1.65±0.12, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the mRNA and protein expressions of TGF-β1, Smad2 and Smad3 between the two groups ( P＞0.05). Conclusion:Macrophage-derived exosomes significantly promote the activation of hepatic stellate cells. JS1 cells may be the underlying mechanism for the up-regulation of PDGF expression.

Objective To explore the risk factors and clinical outcomes of acute kidney injury(AKI) among subarachnoid hemorrhagic(SAH)patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed and analyzed the clini-cal data of 269 SAH patients from the neurology ICU between Jan. 2012 and Oct. 2013. Clinical features of AKI and non-AKI patients were compared.Multi-logistic regression was done to find the risk factors concerning with the incidence of AKI. Results A total of 39(14.5%)patients developed AKI.The patients with AKI appeared to be older at age,higher at NIHSS score,lower at GCS score than the non-AKI patients(P<0.05 for all).Moreover, the percentage of proteinuria,infectious complications and diuretics administration were significantly higher in the AKI patients(P<0.05 for all).Multi-logistic regression analysis showed that independent risk factors of AKI were age,GCS score and infectious complication[OR(95% CI)were 1.037(1.006,1.068),0.873(0.802,0.951), 3.624(1.543,8.514),respectively;P < 0.05 for all]. The AKI patients also had a higher hospital mortality rate (28.2%)vs.that in non-AKI(0.8%,P<0.01). Conclusions AKI has a higher incidence among SAH patients and AKI patients tend to have higher hospital mortality rate. Prevention of AKI seems to be very important among these patients.