Objective To establish a method for the determination of berberine and salvianolic acid B in Fuyankang En- ema.Methods The chromatograhie separation was performed on a Kromasil C_(18) column (250 mm?4.6 mm,5?m) with a gradient elution of acetonitrile-0.04 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution containing 0.1% phosphoric acid.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and column temperature was set at 30℃.The detection wavelength was 230 nm.Results There was a good linearity in the range of 0.0924～2.3100?g (r=0.999 9) for berbeine,and 0.1000～2.5000?g (r=0.999 9) for salvianolic acid B.The average recoveries of berberine at high,middle and low concentra- tions were 100.40 %,99.51% and 99.15 % respectively with RSD being 0.59 %,0.67 %and 1.02 % (n=3) re- spectively.The average recoveries for salvianolic acid B were 101.52 %,99.32 % and 98.68 % respectively with RSD being 0.60 %,0.92 % and 1.00 % (n=3),respectively.Conclusions This method is convenient,specific and re- producible for the determination of berbeine and salvianolic acid B in Fuyankang Enema by HPLC.

Objective To compare the influence of different extraction technology on the pharmacodynamic actions of drug pair of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Radix Paeoniae Alba.Methods The influences of water extraction,alcohol extraction,and SFE-CO2 extraction on pharmacodynamic actions of drug pair of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Radix Paeoniae Alba were evaluated by mice intestine propulsive motility test,rats repelling acute gastric mucosa damage test,mice twisting test and hot-plate test.Results The paired drugs extracted by SFE-CO2 combining with water extraction or alcohol extraction had better pharmacological actions.Conclusion This study provides a scientific basis for optimizing the extraction technology of drug pair of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae and Radix Paeoniae Alba.

Objective: To establish an optimal extraction process of the total glycoalkaloids in Solanum tuberosum L. and then study the anti-inflammatory activity. Methods:The extraction process of the total glycoalkaloids was optimized by orthogonal design. Compared with that of the total glycoalkaloids in Rhizoma Dioscoreae Melanophymatis and fresh potato pieces, the anti-inflammatory ac-tivity of the total glycoalkaloids in Solanum tuberosum L. was evaluated by mouse ear swelling model induced by xylene, rat paw swell-ing model induced by carrageenan, granuloma model caused by cotton and blood capillary permeability experiments. Results:The opti-mal extraction conditions were as follows:the extraction temperature was 65℃, 10-fold amount of methanol was used for twice extrac-tion with 45 min per time. The total glycoalkaloids from the optimal extraction had obvious anti-inflammatory activity,and the effect was related to the content ofα-chaconine. Conclusion:The results show that the order of different factors affecting the extraction rate is ex-traction temperature> extraction time, and the total glycoalkaloids in Solanum tuberosum L. has good anti-inflammatory effects in mice and rats.

Objective To study the effects of ganoderma spore oil on Friend murine leukemia virus(Fr.MuLV)and its mechanism.Methods The BALB/C female mouse was infected with Fr.MuLV,body weight,spleen index,thymus index,the percentages of CD4+,CD8+,and CD4+/CD8+ were mea-sured.Results Compared to the control group,body weight extenuation,splenomegaly,and atrophy of thymus gland severely in the model group,the percentages of CD4+,CD8+,and CD4+/CD8+ were significantly decreased in the model.Body weight,spleen index,and thymus index(P

Objective To establish the HPLC fingerprint for the quality control of Yanhuanglian Injections.Methods HPLC Chromatography method was used.The conditions included a Shim-pack CLC-ODS column(250 mm?6.0 mm,5 ?m),the gredient elution was adopted with acetonitrile-buffer solution(1∶1),the detection wavelength was at 285 nm,and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The Operating Standard of Similarty Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Chinese Materia Medica(Version 2004A)was used to calculate.Results Similarity of 13 batches of injections was over 0.95,the fingerprint of Yanhuanglian Injections was established,and 12 common peaks were indicated.Conclusion This method can be applied to the quality control of Yanhuanglian Injections.

Objective To study the FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) gene, NPM1 gene and c-kit gene mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by extracting DNA from the storage of bone marrow slides, and to investigate the relationship between the three gene mutations and clinical features in AML. Methods The bone marrow slides of 55 patients diagnosed with AML were enrolled in this study. The PCR, DNA sequencing and molecular cloning were used to detect and analyse the FLT3-ITD, NPM1 and c-kit gene mutations. Patients' remission, progression and survival time were also recorded. Results The DNA was successfully extracted from the bone marrow slides with -20 ℃ frozen storage without Wright stained, chemically fixed, and room temperature storage Wright stained discoloured by phenol ∶ chloroform ∶ isoamyl alcohol method, which can be used in PCR, direct sequencing and molecular cloning sequencing analysis. 10 of the 55 cases (18.2 %) were FLT3-ITD positive, including 9 cases with heterozygous mutations and 1 case with homozygous mutation. FLT3-ITD positive group had lower complete remission (CR) rate, shorter event-free survival (EFS) time and overall survival (OS) time than the negative group (P< 0.05). 9 of the 55 cases (16.4 %) had NPM1 heterozygous gene mutations, all belonging to type A. The EFS rate of the patients with NPM1 mutation was higher in 10 months and the OS rate was higher in 19 months (P< 0.05). 3 of 9 NPM1 mutations patients were FLT3-ITD positive. The CR rates of the four groups after initial remission induction therapy in order were NPM1+FLT3-ITD-, NPM1-FLT3-ITD-, NPM1-FLT3-ITD+, NPM1+FLT3-ITD+(P<0.05). Besides, NPM1-FLT3-ITD+was a risk factor affecting the OS (RR=1.250, P=0.005). 2 of the 55 cases (3.6 %) had c-kit gene mutations, namely mutant D816H and mutant D816V. The c-kit gene mutations were not found in patients with FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations. Conclusions The FLT3-ITD mutation is a poor prognosis molecular marker in AML, and NPM1 mutation is a good factor for the prognosis. NPM1-FLT3-ITD+is a risk factor affecting OS. The rate of c-kit gene mutation is low in AML, without the overlap of FLT3 and NPM1 mutations.

OBJECTIVETo study whether As(2)O(3) has an apoptotic effect on human solid tumor cells, and the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms of this treatment using human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells (EC8712) as a model.

METHODSDNA microarray, biochemical and cytological analyses were used.

RESULTSThe growth and survival of EC8712 cells were markedly inhibited by As(2)O(3) treatment at a concentration of 1, 2 and 4 micromol/L. EC8712 cells were obviously arrested at G2/M phase with As(2)O(3) treatment and apoptosis induced at micromolar As(2)O(3) concentrations, as shown by morphology, histogram related nuclear DNA contents, and DNA gel electrophoresis. As(2)O(3) activated caspase-3, which might be involved in the process of As(2)O(3), induced apoptosis in EC8712 cells.

CONCLUSIONSAs(2)O(3) changes the expression of many genes at transcription level. The regulation of expression of many genes might be involved in the process of As(2)O(3) inducing apoptosis. These results suggest that As(2)O(3) can be clinically useful for solid tumor treatment.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Adhesion ; drug effects ; Cell Division ; drug effects ; DNA Fragmentation ; drug effects ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; drug effects ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Oxides ; pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; drug effects ; ultrastructure

A 14-year-old boy presented with coma and convulsion following a 3-day high fever of unknown origin was initially diagnosed with a central nervous system infection with uncertain pathogen. Direct microscopic examination of wet slides of cerebrospinal fluid cytology revealed active amoeboid trophozoites with different shapes. The amoeba trophozoite could be seen at high magnification after Wright′s-Giemsa staining. A diagnosis of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis was made according to the cellular morphology results of the cerebrospinal fluid, imaging data, and clinical symptoms. After high-throughput gene detection targeting the infection pathogen and specific PCR verification of amoeba species, it was confirmed that the infection was caused by Naegleria fowleri. Timely antiamoebic treatment and other related treatments were implemented, but the patient progressed to brain death after 50 days, leading to the discontinuation of treatment by the family.

Objective To discuss primary experience the clinical use of "All-seeing needle set" combined with Holmium laser to treat the single renal stone lesser than 2 cm in diameter through a super minimal tract (F12).Methods From January 2015 to December 2016,43 patients were enrolled into this retrospective study.There were 23 males and 20 females who were diagnosed as single renal stone less than 2 cm in diameter(age range from 23-65 years).There were 8 upper pole renal stones,13 lower pole renal stones and 22 renal pelvis stones.The mean stone size was (1.63 ± 0.32) cm in diameter (range from 1.2 cm to 2.0 cm)."All-seeing needle system" was applied during percutaneous puncture.After building a F12 minimal tract by fascia dilator,all patients received lithotripsy with Holmium laser.Indwelling catheters for 3 days and an F6 double-J tube was left for 2 weeks without a tube in the percutaneous tract after operation.Finally,KUB and/or urinary CT were used to check the results on day 1.Result All operations were completed successfully.The operation time was 23-65min [averaged (31.0 ±9.2) min].41 cases' renal stones were store free,and the 2 stone residues was clear with later extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.No severe complications occurred.Conclusion As an alternative to standard procedures for treatment of renal stones less than 2 cm in diameter,adopting "All-seeing needle set" with Holmium laser through a super minimal tract (F12) is safe,minimally invasive,fast and effective with a low complication rate.

Inflammatory cytokines can mediate many biological processes and are tightly regulated by the body. Loss of control can trigger a range of diseases such as autoimmune inflammation and cancer. Therefore, a number of biological agents that can effectively regulate the biological effects of inflammatory cytokines such as recombinant anti-inflammatory cytokines, cytokine receptors and neutralizing antibodies have been extensively used in the treatment of related diseases caused by the imbalance of inflammatory cytokines. In recent years, in particular, a number of new innovative biological agents for blocking and regulating cytokine activities are emerging. In this article, we review the recent development and clinical use of the biologics targeting TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-17, and point out their inherent limitations and clinical risks. Finally, based on the research findings of our own and other scholars, we suggest some approaches and methods for reducing their side-effects and clinical risk. We consider that using modern biotechnology to improve the tissue specificity to inflammatory site and tumor will be an important development direction of such biologics.
Biological Products ; metabolism ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Inflammation