ObjectiveTo determine the median effective dose (ED50) of intrathecal (IT) hyperbaric and hypobaric ropivacaine for elective cesarean section.MethodsForty parturients aged 20-40 yr at full term undergoing elective cesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were randomized to receive IT 0.5 ％ hyperbaric (group HR) and hypobaric ropivacaine (group LR) ( n =20 each).The initial dose was 9 mg and the dose was increased/decreased by 1 mg in the next parturient using an up-and-down sequential allocation technique.Analgesia was considered acceptable if adequate analgesia reached T7 or higher in response to pin prick until 20 min after IT ropivacaine and no supplemental epidural analgesic was required during the operation.ED50 and 95％confidence interval (CI) were calculated.ResultsThe ED50 and 95 ％ CI were 9.34 mg (95 ％ CI 8.34-10.46mg) for 0.5％ hyperbaric ropivacaine and 9.64 mg (95％ CI 8.90-10.44 mg) for 0.5％ hypobaric ropivacaine.ConclusionBaricity has no effect on the efficacy of IT ropivacaine for cesarean section.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of extending the administration time of meropenem in the treatment of moderate and severe bacterial infections in surgical intensive care uint(SICU) patients.METHODS Fifty patients with moderate and severe bacterial infections admitted to SICU were randomized to two groups: meropenem 30 min infusion group(n=25) and meropenem 3 h infusion group(n=25),the clinical efficacy and side-effects were observed between two groups.RESULTS Twenty-five patients were enrolled in meropenem 30 min infusion group with an effective rate of 48%,bacterial clearance rate of 26.9%.On the other hand,twenty-five patients were enrolled in meropenem 3 h infusion group with an effective rate of 60%,bacterial clearance rate of 43.5%.There were no significant differences between two groups(P=0.375,P=0.224,separately).CONCLUSIONS There are no significant differences between two groups on effective rate and bacterial clearance rate.

Objective To investigate the relationship between preoperative albumin level and postoperative acute kidney injury(AKI)following off-pump coronary artery bypass(OPCAB)surgery;to confirm albumin cut-off value associated with AKI. Method This was a retrospective cohort study. data from patients who accepted OPCAB surgery in last two years in our hospital and AKI was diagnosed according to KIDGO-AKI criteria. Results Generalized additive model and multivariable logistic regression analysis have shown that the higher preoperative albumin level is related with the lower the incidence of AKI after OPCAB surgery. By generalized additive model,multivariable logistic regression analysis and ROC curve,we confirmed the albumin cut-off value associated with AKI between 39~40 g/L. Conclusion For patients undergoing OPCAB surgery,the higher preoperative albumin level ,the lower the incidence of AKI. In order to reduce the incidence of AKI in OPCAB surgery patients,preoperative albumin level higher than 40 g/L should be maintained.

Objective To identify the influence of early postoperative delirium on long-term morbidity ,mortality and quality of life(QoL) .Methods 261 patients admitting to SICU after noncardiac surgery were prospectively included .The clinical data were collected .Delirium was diagnosed clinically by Confusion Assessment Method-Intensive Care Unit(CAM-ICU) .The patients were followed 2 years after the surgery and the quality of life was assessed by three scales .Results The incidence of early PD was 21 .8% .Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that increasing age ,shorter educational time ,preoperative diabetes melli-tus ,high ASA grades and high APACHE II score on SICU admission were the independent predictors for early PD .The cumulative survival in 24 months was 66 .5% in patients without delirium and 57 .3% in patients with delirium ,there was no statistical differ-ence between two groups(P=0 .187) .Multivariable Cox model showed that male patients ,tumor stage ≥3 and high ASA grades were the independent predictors for postoperative death .The long-term QoL in delirious patients were significant poorer than that in non-delirious patients in mainly four domains :physical function ,role-physical ,social function and cognitive function .Conclusion Early postoperative delirium significantly deteriorate the long-term quality of life in severe patient after noncardiac surgery in mainly four domains :physical function ,role-physical ,social function and cognitive function .

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of supinator syndrome.Methods 11 patients with supinator syndrome definitely diagnosed were treated with conservation treatment, 4 ineffective cases with conservation treatment were treated with operation. The following-up was performed for 6～12 months to evaluate the therapeutic effect.Results Among the total 7 patients received conservation treatment, 5 cases recovered completely, the other 2 cases recovered partially; among the total 4 patients who received operations, 3 cases recovered completely, and the other one recovered partially.Conclusion At present, supinator syndrome can be diagnosed definitely according to the clinical symptom, and the examination with electromyogram is beneficial to diagnose this disease, but it has not specificity. Most patients of supinator syndrome often get satisfactory effects after conservation treatment, and the ones who are failed can get the improvement from surgical treatment timely.

Objective To analyze the diagnosis and treatment of cervical spinal cord injury without fracture or dislocation.Methods 38 patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results and Conclusion According to the manifestation of MRI and the symptoms,6 cases accepted conservation treatment,and the other 32 cases accepted surgery with different styles.All the patients recovered in some degrees.

Objective:To observe the effects of 0.4 μg/(kg·h)dose of dexmedetomidine on intra-operative wake-up test in children patients undergoing scoliosis surgery.Methods:Sixty patients for pos-terior scoliosis correction (ASA Ⅰ -Ⅱ,aged 5 -16 years)from March 2013 to April 2015 were en-rolled in this prospective,double-blinded,randomized,placebo-controlled study,The patients were ran-domly classified into two groups to receive dexmedetomidine (group RD,n =30)or saline solution (group R,n =30).In group RD,dexmedetomidine [0.4 μg/(kg·h)]was administered after tracheal intubation,while the equal volume saline solution was given instead in group R.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,propofol,sufentanyl and cisatracurium,and anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane inhalation and a continuous intravenous infusion of remifentanil in the both groups.BIS(bispectral index, BIS)value was maintained at 40 -60,and mean arterial pressure (MAP)was maintained at ≥ 60 mm-Hg before the wake-up test.When the wake-up test was performed,immediately the dexmedetomidine and remifentanil infusion were stopped,and the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was adjusted to 0. Mean arterial pressure,and heart rate (HR)were recorded before anesthesia and at 5-minute intervals during the wake-up test.The wake-up test time,arousal quality and sedation scores were recorded also. In addition,the data were also gathered on the dosage of ephedrine and atropine were used,as well as the intraoperative awareness in the patients who were followed up on the first day after the operation.Re-sults:There were no differences between group RD and group R with regard to HR and MAP at getting into the operation room (t =-1.460,P =0.150; t =-1.015,P =0.315 ).In group RD,no evi-dence was found for a difference in HR and MAP at awakening up versus at getting into the operation room (t =0.974,P =0.340;t =-1.449,P =0.161),while in group R,an increase in HR and MAP occurred at awakening versus at getting into the operation room (t =-2.106,P =0.044;t =-2.352, P =0.026).There were no significant differences in sedation scores and wake-up test time between the two groups(t =1.986,P =0.052;t =0.392,P =0.697).The wake-up test quality was significantly bet-ter in group RD than in group R (t =-2.098,P =0.041).HR in group RD was significantly lower than that in group R at any time point during the wake-up test (P <0.05).Four patients had awareness oc-currence during the operation in group R,and no awareness occurrence in group RD.Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine,when administered at a rate of 0.4 μg/(kg·h)as an adjuvant of sevoflurane inhala-tional anesthesia,could improve the wake-up test quality,and maintain hemodynamic stability during scoliosis surgery.

Objective To study the effects of isoflurane anesthesia on the medium- and longterm cognitive function in mice at different months of age. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice at ages of 4 month (n =45)and 20 month (n 45) were randomly assigned to control group,short- term anesthesia and long term anesthesia groups,respectively (n=15 per group).Inhalation anesthesia was applied with 3％ isoflurane for induction and 1.2 ％ isoflurane for maintain in 30 ％ oxygen,and control group received 30％ oxygen only for 60 min.Short- and long- term anesthesia group anesthesia was maintained for 30 min and 60 min,respectively.Cognitive function was determined by alternative behavior and water maze.Alternative behavior was assessed at 1 d before ancsthesia and 7,14 and 28 d after anesthesia,and water maze was assessed from 7 d to 8 d,9 d,10 d,11 d and 28 d after anesthesia. Results The correct rate of alternative behavior at age of 4 month in long-term anesthesia group [(58=6)％] was lower than relative control [(69±9)％] (t=4.26,P＜0.01) at 28 d.The number of arm entries at age of 20 month in short- term anesthesia group (31 ± 6) was increased than control(24±6) and long-term anesthesia group (24±8)(F=5.34,P＜0.01) at 14 d after anesthesia,while the number in long-term anesthesia group (24± 6) was decreased than control (29±7) and short term anesthesia group(30±6)(F=3.29,P＜0.05) with no significant difference in correct rate at 28 d after anesthesia.There was no difference in latent time of water maze between groups at age of 4 month.The ratios of spent time in the target quadrant to the whole time at age of 4 month at 11 d and 28 d after anesthesia in short-term anesthesia group[( 36.6 ± 14.4)％,(34.7 ±9.5)％] and long term anesthesia group [( 36.8 ± 16.4)％ ,(31.8± 12.0)％] were reduced as compared with control [(49.5±8.8) ％,(42.8±12.2) ％] (F=3.31,3.30,all P＜0.05).The latent time of mice at age of 20 month at 11 d after anesthesia in short-term anesthesia[(31±6)s] and longterm anesthesia group [(30±7)s ] were longer than control [(23±6)s](F =3.34,P＜0.05).There were no differences in the ratios of spent time in the target quadrant to the whole time and the number of cross -platform among the groups. Conclusions Isoflurane anesthesia may impact the mediumand long- term cognitive funclion in mice at ages of 4 month and 20 month.

Objective To evaluate the effect and safety of small dose ketamine combined with morphine for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients undergoing total knee replacement.Methods Sixty-two elderly (≥ 65 years old) patients undergoing total knee replacement under combined spinal-epidural anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups.In group MK,morphine (0.4 mg/ml) and ketamine (0.4 mg/ml) were used for postoperative analgesia.While in group MO,only morphine (0.4 mg/ml) was used for postoperative analgesia.Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score,comfort level,Ramsay sedation level,cumulative morphine consumption,changes in vital signs (blood pressure,heart rate,respiration,blood oxygen saturation,etc) and occurrence of side-effects (pruritus,nausea and vomiting,psychiatric symptoms,etc) were recorded up to 48 h after surgery.Results The VAS pain scores were significantly lower in group MK than in group MO at time points of 4,8,12,24,36,48 h (Wald x2=16.713,P＜0.05),while the comfort levels were significantly higher in group MK than in group MO after surgery (Wald x2 11.238,P＜0.05).The total morphine consumption after 48 h was significantly lower in group MK than in group MO (t=3.807,P＜0.001).The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in group MK than in group MO (x2 =4.356,P＝0.036).There were no significant differences in sedation level (Wald x2＝ 3.303,P＞0.05) and changes in vital signs (P＞0.05) between the two groups.No case with psychiatric symptoms was found in both groups.Conclusions When used for postoperative intravenous analgesia in elderly patients after total knee replacement,small-dose ketamine combined with morphine can provide better analgesic effects,decrease total consumption of morphine and the incidence of side-effects.

Audiology ; methods ; Hearing Tests ; methods ; Humans ; Time Factors