Objective To investigate the effects of small tidal volume combined with PEEP on extravascular lung water during one-lung ventilation (OLV) in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Methods Forty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes aged 45-80 yr undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer were randomly assigned into 2 groups (n = 20 each):group Ⅰ IPPV (VT 9 ml/kg ,RR 12 bpm) and group Ⅱ IPPV +PEEP (VT 6 ml/kg, RR 15 bpm, PEEP 5 cm H-2O). FiO2 was 100% and I:E 1:2 in both groups. Anesthesia was induced with fentanyl 3-5 μg/kg, propofol 1.0-1.5 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.10-0.15 mg/kg and maintained with continuous infusion of propofol 4-7 mg· kg- 1 · h - 1 and vecuronium 0.07-0.08 mg- kg- 1 · h - 1 and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl. Double lumen endobronchial tube was inserted. Correct position was confirmed by bronchoscopy. Right internal jugular vein was cannulated. A 4F thermodilution catheter was inserted into right femoral artery and connected to PICCO monitor. Extravascular lung water (EVLW), EVLW index (EVLWI),pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI), cardiac output (CO) and oxygenation index (OI) were recorded before anesthesia (T0, baseline), at 30 min of two lung ventilation (T1), 30 min and 1 h of OLV (T2, T3),before extubation (T4) and 18 h after operation (T5). Airway peak pressure (Ppeak) was recorded at T1-4. Results EVLWI and PVPI were significantly higher in group IPPV + PEEP than in group IPPV. There was no significant difference in Ppeak, CO and OI at any time point between the 2 groups. In group IPPV there was no significant change in EVLW and EVLWI during and after mechanical ventilation, while PVPI was significantly increased at T1 as compared with the baseline before anesthesia. In group IPPV + PEEP EVLW was significantly increased at T2 and PVPI was significantly increased at T1 and T2 compared with the baseline at T0. Conclusion OLV with IPPV + PEEP results in more EVLW and it exerts no significant effect on lung function.

The changes in the tau protein phosphorylation and expression of bcl-2, and bax in rat parietal cortex neurons after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) were explored, and the relationship between the tau protein phosphorylation and the expression of bax or apoptosis was clarified in order to elucidate the relationship between cerebral infarction and Alzheimer's disease. The rat focal cerebral I/R model was induced by occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery using the intraluminal suture method. The level of tau protein phosphorylation at Ser396, Ser404, Tyr231, Ser199/202 sites and the expression of bcl-2, bax and total tau 5 in rat parietal cortex during focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion were detected by Western blot. The relationship between the tau protein phosphorylation and the expression of bax, or apoptosis was examined by TUNEL method and double-labeling immunofluorenscence method. The results showed that the level of tau hyperphosphorylation at Ser199 / 202, Ser396, Ser404, Tyr231 sites and the expression levels of bcl-2, and bax were significantly higher in I/R group than in the sham group, but the ratio of bcl-2/bax was decreased. Neuronal apoptosis, bax expression and the tau protein hyperphosphorylation were co-localized. It is suggested that Alzheimer's disease-like pathological changes occur after cerebral I/R. The highly abnormal phosphorylation of tau protein plays a key role in cerebral I/R-induced apoptosis. The cerebral infarction may contribute to Alzheimer's disease occurrence and development.

To study the inhibitory effect of Nogo-A shRNA on cell line PC12, the Nogo-A shRNA (short hairpin RNA, or shRNA) was designed and synthesized. The annealed shRNA template was inserted into plasmid pGenesil-1 containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene by gene cloning technique to generate eukaryotic expression vector. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into PC12 cells by lipofecamine2000 and the mRNA and protein expression level of Nogo-A gene was detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting 48 h after the transfection. Gene sequencing showed that that the Nogo-A shRNA eukaryotic expression vector was successfully constructed. No significant change was found in the Nogo-A mRNA and protein expression level in empty vector-transfected group as compared with controls (P>0.05), while the expression level in shRNA-transfected group decreased significantly (P<0.05). It is concluded that the pGenesil-1/Nogo-AshRNA recombinant plasmid can effectively suppress the expression of Nogo-A gene in PC12 cells.
Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Knockdown Techniques/*methods ; Genetic Vectors ; Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics ; Myelin Proteins/*genetics ; Myelin Proteins/metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Plasmids ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Transfection

This study investigated the effect of TNP-470 in combination with carmustine (BCNU) on the growth of subcutaneously implanted human glioblastoma xenografts in nude mice. Human glioblastoma U-251 cells (1×10(7)) were injected into 24 nude mice subcutaneously. The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into 4 groups on the seventh day following tumor implantation: TNP-470 group, in which TNP-470 was given 30 mg/kg subcutaneously every other day 7 times; BCNU group, in which 20 mg/kg BCNU were injected into peritoneal cavity per 4 days 3 times; TNP-470 plus BCNU group, in which TNP-470 and BCNU were coadministered in the same manner as in the TNP-470 group and the BCNU group; control group, in which the mice were given 0.2 mL of the mixture including 3% ethanol, 5% acacia and 0.9% saline subcutaneously every other day 7 times. The tumor size and weights were measured. The tumor microvessel density (MVD) was determined by immunostaining by using goat-anti-mouse polyclonal antibody CD105. The results showed that on the 21th day following treatment, the volume of xenografts in the TNP-470 plus BCNU group was (108.93±17.63)mm(3), markedly lower than that in the TNP-470 group [(576.10±114.29)mm(3)] and the BCNU group [(473.01±48.04)mm(3)] (both P<0.01). And the xenograft volume in these 3 treatment groups was even much lower than that in the control group [(1512.61±470.25) mm(3)] (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the volume of xenografts between the TNP-470 group and the BCNU group (P>0.05). The inhibition rate of the tumor growth in the TNP-470 plus BCNU group was (92.80±11.37)%, notably higher than that in the TNP-470 group [(61.91±6.29)%] and the BCNU group [(68.73±9.65)%] (both P<0.01) on the 21th day following treatment. There was no significant difference in the inhibition rate of tumor growth between the TNP-470 group and the BCNU group (P>0.05). The MVD of xenografts in the TNP-470 plus BCNU group was decreased significantly as compared with that in the TNP-470 group or the BCNU group (both P<0.05). The MVD of xenografts in the 3 treatment groups was markedly reduced as compared with that in the control group (all P<0.05). No significant changes in weights were observed before and after the treatment in each group (all P>0.05). It was concluded that the combination of TNP-470 and BCNU can significantly inhibit the growth of human glioblastoma xenografts in nude mice without evident side effects.

This study established superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled nerve growth factor-beta (NGF-beta) gene-modified spinal cord-derived neural stem cells (NSCs). The E14 rat embryonic spinal cord-derived NSCs were isolated and cultured. The cells of the third passage were transfected with plasmid pcDNA3-hNGFbeta by using FuGENE HD transfection reagent. The expression of NGF-beta was measured by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. The positive clones were selected, allowed to proliferate and then labeled with SPIO, which was mediated by FuGENE HD transfection reagent. Prussian blue staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to identify the SPIO particles in the cells. The distinctive markers for stem cells (nestin), neuron (beta-III-tubulin), oligodendrocyte (CNPase) and astrocyte (GFAP) were employed to evaluate the differentiation ability of the labeled cells. The immunocytochemistry and western blotting showed that NGF-beta was expressed in spinal cord-derived NSCs. Prussian blue staining indicated that numerous blue-stained particles appeared in the cytoplasma of the labeled cells. TEM showed that SPIO particles were found in vacuolar structures of different sizes and the cytoplasma. The immunocytochemistry demonstrated that the labeled cells were nestin-positive. After differentiation, the cells expressed beta-III-tubulin, CNPase and GFAP. It was concluded that the SPIO-labeled NGF-beta gene-modified spinal cord-derived NSC were successfully established, which are multipotent and capable of self-renewal.
Cells, Cultured ; Dextrans/*diagnostic use ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Magnetics ; Magnetite Nanoparticles/*diagnostic use ; Nerve Growth Factor/*genetics ; Nerve Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Neural Stem Cells/*cytology ; Spinal Cord/*cytology ; Transfection

Objective To investigate the effect of Miao medicine Jinwu Jiangu decoction containing serum freeze-dried powder on levels of IL-17,ACT1 and TRAF6 in human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast like synoviocytes (RA-HFLS).Methods Rabbits were randomly divided into blank control group (recieving normal saline of the same volume),Jinwu Jiangu decoction high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose group (intragastrically administrated with Jinwu Jiangu decoction at doses of 14.4,4.8 and 2.4 g·kg-1,respectively),tripterygium glycosides group and prednisone group (treated with human equivalent dosage).RA-HFLS primary cell model was established in the experiment.ELISA method was used to detect effect of lyophilized powder on IL-17 secretion.Expression of ACT1,TRAF6 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.Results Compared with the blank control gorup,IL-17 in the supernatant of each medication administration group was significantly decreased (all P<0.01),and it was decreased most significantly in Jinwu Jiangu decoction high-dose and medium-dose group.IL-17 was down-regulated more significantly in high-dose group than that in tripterygium glycosides group (P<0.01).Compared with the blank control group,TRAF6 and ACT1 mRNA expression level of each medication administration group were significantly decreased (all P<0.01),and in the high-dose group that were decreased most significantly,but not significantly different as compared with tripterygium glycosides group and prednisone group (P>0.05).Conclusion Freeze-dried powder of Jinwu Jiangu decoction can decrease the secretion of IL-17 and down-regulate expression of ACT1,TRAF6 with RA-HFLS.

To investigate the anti-vasculature effects and the anti-glioma effects of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain expressing VEGFR2 (flk-1) gene, plasmid pcDNA3.1-flk1 was constructed and electro-transfected into live attenuated Salmonella typhimurium strain SL7207. Mouse models of intracranial G1261 glioblastoma were treated with an orally administered attenuated Salmonella typhimurium expressing flk-1 gene. The survival period was recorded and vessel density was observed by immunofluorescence. CTLs activity was measured by MTT assay. Our results showed that attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain expressing flk-1 gene could significantly inhibit glioblastoma growth, reduce vessel density, prolong the survival period and improve the survival rate in these mice. The flk-1 specific CTLs activity was increased obviously after the vaccination. Our study showed that attenuated Salmonella typhimurium vaccine strain expressing flk-1 gene could break peripheral immune tolerance a in glioma gainst this self-antigen and kill endothelial cells by the orally administered vaccine and can be used for both prophylactic and therapeutic purposes.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain Neoplasms ; blood supply ; therapy ; Female ; Glioma ; blood supply ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Salmonella Vaccines ; immunology ; pharmacology ; Salmonella typhimurium ; immunology ; Transformation, Genetic ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; genetics ; immunology ; pharmacology ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ; genetics ; immunology

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics,gene mutations,diagnosis and treatment of chil-dren with dopa-responsive dystonia due to tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)deficiency.Methods Five patients(3 boys and 2 girls)with dopa-responsive dystonia due to TH deficiency were diagnosed and followed up from January 2002 to October 2017.The clinical manifestations,laboratory findings,treatment and TH gene mutations associated with TH defi-ciency were analyzed.Results Five patients came from different families.They had the onset at the age of 8 months to 20 months with dystonia,paroxysmal muscular hypertonia and normal intelligence or mild mental retardation.All of them had been misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy.Two cases with floppy limbs presented with fatigue and tremor.One case with floppy limbs presented with seizures. Complex heterozygous mutations were found in TH gene of all patients,which helped to confirm the diagnosis.Eight mutations were identified in TH gene.Six of them were reported.Two novel muta-tions,c.1077C>A(p.C359X)and c.1228C>T(p.R410C)were detected.After the treatment by levodopa[2.2-5.4 mg/(kg·d)],significant improvement was observed.Three patients recovered their intellectual and motor activi-ties.Two patients were dramatically improved but with slightly uncoordinated movements.Conclusion The patients of dopa-responsive dystonia due to TH deficiency usually have the onset around one year of age with almost normal inte-lligence,motor retardation and dystonia.The patients are likely misdiagnosed as cerebral palsy.The treatment with levo-dopa can dramatically improve the symptoms.The etiological diagnosis is very important.

Objective To investigate the clinical,biochemical and genetic features of hereditary hypomagnesaemia with secondary hypocalcaemia.Methods Two boys came from different Chinese families.They were hospitalized at the Peking University First Hospital between 2014 and 2016 at the age of 9 years and 1 year and 2 months because of epilepsy and psychomotor retardation.Clinical investigation,laboratory examination,and medical imaging were performed for the etiological study.Whole-genome sequencing was used for the genetic analysis of the patients.Mutations of TRPM6 gene were confirmed by means of Sanger sequencing.Results Patient 1 presented with recurrent seizures and psychomotor retardation from the age of 3 months.Vision loss and psychomotor regression were noticed from the age of 9 years,accompanied with hypertension.Serum magnesium and total calcium were significandy decreased to 0.13-0.15 mmol/L and 1.43-2.00 mmol/L,respectively in patient 1.Serum potassium was reduced to 1.85-3.25 mmol/L.Blood parathyroid hormone was also decreased.On the TRPM6 gene of patient 1,2 novel non-sense mutations,c.2771G ＞ A (p.Trp924Ter) and c.115C ＞ T (p.Gln39Ter) were identified.Patient 2 presented with seizures and psychomotor retardation at the age of 2 weeks.Both of his serum magnesium (0.17-0.35 mmol/L) and serum total calcium (1.32-1.34 mmol/L) were significantly decreased.Blood parathyroid hormone was decreased.Two novel mutations (c.1239G ＞ A,p.W413X and c.146G ＞ A,p.C49Y) were found in the TRPM6 gene of patient 2.Severe hypomagnesaemia,hypocalcaemia and TRPM6 gene mutations confirmed the diagnosis of hereditary hypomagnesaemia with secondary hypocalcaemia in the 2 patients.After the large-dose supplement of magnesium sulfate,progressive clinical improvements were observed in the 2 patients.However,because of the severe brain damage,patient 1 still had psychomotor retardation.Patient 2 completely recovered.Conclusions Hereditary hypomagnesaemia with secondary hypocalcaemia is a severe inherited metabolic disease.Early diagnosis and large-dose magnesium supplement are the key to the good prognosis of the patients.In this study,2 Chinese children with the clinical onset of epilepsy and psychomotor retardation are reported.The diagnosis is made by way of blood biochemical assay and gene analysis.Four novel mutations on their TRPM6 gene are identified.

Objective The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN are a group of severe lysosomal storage diseases.The patients present with clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders.This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and the gene mutations of a rare Chinese family with 3 siblings affected by CLN7.Methods The proband,a 5-year-old girl,visited us because of intermittently seizures and mental retardation for 2 years and a half in December,2015.Clinical investigation,brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),biochemical and the gene analysis were performed for the etiological study.Results The proband had seizures at the age of 2 and a half years,with the progressive motor deterioration,speech disturbance,mental regression and vision loss.Her brain MRI showed diffusive cerebral atrophy.The blood aminoacids,acylcarnitine and urine organic acid profiles were normal.Lysosomal palmitoyl protein thioesterase and tripeptidyl peptidase activities of peripheral leukocytes were normal.A compound heterozygous mutation of c.1351-1G ＞ A and c.300T ＞ G was detected on her MFSD8 gene,supporting the diagnosis of CLN7.Both of the 2 mutations were novel.Each of her parents carried one of the mutations.Two brothers of the proband had similar clinical process.Her elder brother died at the age of 7 due to severe encephalopathy of unknown etiology.The younger brother showed dyskinesia from the age of 2 years and seizures from the age of 4 years.A compound heterozygous mutation on MFSD8 gene,c.1351-1G ＞ A and c.300T ＞ G,was found from the younger brother,as same as the proband.Conclusions CLN7 is a rare disorder of CLN.In this study,the diagnosis of the 3 siblings with similar clinical process were much delayed.Gene analysis was key for the diagnosis.Two novel mutations were found on MFSD8 of the family.There is still no effective treatment for neurol ceroid lipofuscinosis.The prognosis is poor.Based on the mutation diagnosis,prenatal diagnosis for the next sibling is possible to the prevention of the disease.