OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and resistance characteristic of Escherichia coli in order to provide reference for the clinical application of drugs.METHODS The strains of E.coli were detected and their sensitivity to antibiotics was determined by VITEK automatic bacterium identifying and drug sensitivity analyzing systems,then the specimens in which E.coli was detected and the result of sensitivity to antibiotics were analyzed.RESULTS Among 210 specimens in which E.coli was detected,the urine was the most frequent.There were 46 strains which produced extended-spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs),the ESBLs-producing rate of E.coli was 21.9%,the drug resistance of ESBLs producers was more serious than that of nonproducers.The resistant rate of ESBLs producers against penicillins was 100%,but the susceptibility rate was 19.6-84.8% while combined with the ?-lactamases inhibitors.The susceptibility rates of ESBLs producers to the antibiotics from the first generation cephalosporins to the third generation ones were 0.0-45.6%.The susceptibility rates of ESBLs producers to cefepime,cefoxitin,ciprofloxacin and Cotrimoxazole were 60.9%,34.8%,10.9% and 13.0%,respectively,whereas amikacin,imipenem,and meropenem were more effective against the bacteria,the susceptibility rates of ESBLs producers were 89.1%,97.8% and 97.8%,respectively.while all the nonproducers were susceptible to them.The ESBLs producers had high sensitivity to imipenem,meropenem,amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam,and had high resistance to the other antimicrobial drugs,they showed multi-drug resistance.CONCLUSIONS It is rather serious the resistance of E.coli to usual antibiotics,and that of ESBLs producers is more serious.It should be cautious to use cephalosporins to treat infections caused by E.coli,carbapenem,amikacin and some of complex antibiotics containing ?-lactamases inhibitor are very effective to treat infections caused by ESBLs producers.It is very important to select rational drugs correctly for clinical treatment of the infections according to the results of antibiotics susceptibility tests.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristic of clinical distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in lower respiratory tract infection. METHODS Bacterial culture of the lower respiratory tract samples collected from patients who were admitted from Jan to May 2008 was done.The bacteria identification and drug sensitivity tests were done by VITEK bacterium identifying and drug sensitivity analyzing system. RESULTS A total of 502 pathogens were isolated,in which 340 strains of Gram-negative bacteria(67.7%),32 strains of Gram-positive cocci(6.4%)and 130 strains of fungi(25.9%).Of all the 372 strains of bacteria,the most common pathogens in turn were Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli,respectively.Non-fermenters were the dominant pathogens in intensive care unit(ICU)and the surgery wards,Enterobacteriaceae and fungi were the dominant pathogens in the non-operation wards.Of A.baumannii strains,the antibiotic resistant rates to imipenem and meropenem were 7.5% and 8.8%,respectively,the resistant rates to the other antibiotics were high(53.8%-100.0%,respectively).Of P.aeruginosa strains,the antibiotic resistant rates to imipenem,meropenem,polymyxicn E,ciprofloxacin,amikacin,tobramycin and gentamicin were 11.1%-27.0%,respectively,The resistant rates to the other antibiotics such as penicillins,cephalosporins and the complex antibiotics containing ?-lactamases inhibitor were 38.1%-100.0%.The ESBLs-producing rate of K.pneumoniae strains(71.7%)was higher than that of E.coli strains(29.1%).K.pneumoniae strains and E.coli strains were all sensitive to imipenem and meropenem,and both of their resistant rates against amikacin were the same(10.9%),but against the other antibiotics the resistance of E.coli strains were more serious than that of K.pneumoniae strains. CONCLUSIONS In our area,non-fermenters are mainly isolated from ICU and the surgery wards.Enterobacteriaceae and fungi are mainly isolated from the non-operation wards.The major pathogens show multi-drug resistance except imipenem,meropenem and amikacin.It′s important to prevent hospital acquired lower respiratory tract infection during the clinical therapy,and it is urgent for rational use of antimicrobial agents according to the results of antibiotics susceptibility tests.

AIM:To investigate the effect of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 ( STAT 1 ) on proliferation and interferon-β(IFN-β) sensitivity of human non-small-cell lung cancer H1299 cells.METHODS:STAT1 or EGFP gene was transfected into H1299 cells by the lentiviral vectors system.The cell number was counted under a mi-croscope and cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay.In addition, the cells transfected with STAT1 and EGFP were trea-ted with IFN-βand cell viability was measured by MTT assay.The protein levels of p-STAT1, ICAM-1 and PCNA were de-tected by Western blot.RESULTS: Over-expression of STAT1 inhibited H1299 cell proliferation (P<0.05).H1299 cells transfected with STAT1 gene had a higher sensitivity to IFN-βthan the control cells transfected with EGFP ( P <0.05).Overexpression of STAT1 increased the protein level of p-STAT1, and reduced IACM-1 expression in H1299 cells. Moreover, STAT1 enhanced STAT1 phosphorylation and downregulated the expression of PCNA in H1299 cells treated with IFN-β.CONCLUSION:STAT1 inhibits the proliferation and enhances the IFN-βsensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer H1299 cells.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of class Ⅲ β-tubulin protein expression in tumor tissue for the efficacy of taxol combined chemotherapy in stage Ⅲ s/Ⅳ gastric carcinoma patients.Methods Tumor biopsy samples were obtained and class Ⅲ β-tubulin protein expression were examined by immunohistochemical staining before chemotherapy.According to different expression of class Ⅲ β-tubulin,the patients were divided into two groups,group A(low expression of class Ⅲ β-tubulin),group B(high expression of class Ⅲ β-tubulin).The patients were assigned to be received 4 to 6 cycles of Taxol and S-1 chemotherapy regimens and followed up until death or lost.Response rate(RR),overall survival(OS)and time to tumor progression(TTP)were assessed.Results There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics among patients with different expression rate.The RR was higher and TIP was longer in group A than in group B(53.3 ％ vs 36.7 ％,198 days vs 146 days,P ＜ 0.05 respectively),and no significant differences of OS in two groups(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The expression level of class Ⅲ β-tubulin in tumor tissue is probably a predictor for the efficacy of taxol in gastric cancer patients,taxol combined chemotherapy is more suitable for patients with lower expression of class Ⅲ β-tubulin.

Background To explore the relationship between polymorphism of APOE gene in traumatic brain injury(TBI)patients suffering from traffic accident and the outcome of TBI.Methods TBI patients were randomly selected in this study with caxe-wntrol trial. The genotype of APOE allele was tested by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR-RFLP), and the association between different genotypes of APOE alleles and outcome of TBI patients, were analyed.Results In TBI group frequency of APOE ε2 allele was 0. 1010, and frequency of APOE ε2/ε3 was 0. 1596.Both of these results were significantly higher than that in normal people (APOE epsilon 2 was 0. 0050, APOE ε2/ε3 was 0. 0100) (P＜0.05). Frequency of APOE ε2 and APOE ε2/ε3 in TBI group who died was 0. 1970 and 0. 2727. These were significantly high compared to TBI patients who had good recovery.Conclusions APOE allele ε2 and APOE genotype ε2/ε3alleles indicate a poor prognosis of traumatic brain injury patients.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum lipids, apolipoprotein and breast cancer. Methods A survey on the prevalence of breast cancer was conducted in out hospital from March 2012 to March 2014. The data of 82 subjects with histologically confirmed breast cancer and 80 healthy control subjects were analyzed. Serum TC, TG, Apo-A, Apo-B, HDL-C, LDL-C were tested at the same time. The grouped according to tumor size, lymph node metastasis, the degree of tissue differentiation, measured values were compared. Results The levels of serum TC,TG, LDL-C, Apo-B in the breast cancer group were (6.20±0.24) mmol/L, (2.45±0.12) mmol/L, (4.58±0.20) mmol/L, (1.25±0.15)g/L respectively, while those in the control group were (4.00±0.20) mmol/L, (0.67±0.17) mmol/L, (2.14±0.22) mmol/L, (0.86±0.24) g/L respectively.All above parameters of the breast cancer group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum HDL-C, Apo-A in the breast cancer group were (0.90±0.11) mmol/L and (1.20±0.22) g/L, and those in the control group were (1.98±0.21) mmol/L and (1.36±0.20) g/L, which was signifi-cantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The serum TC level were significantly higher in the lump≥2 cm group than that of < 2 cm group (P<0.05). There was not significant difference between patients with lymph node metastasis and non-metastasis for the levels of serum TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, Apo-A and Apo-B. The levels of serum TG in the breast cancer poorly differentiated group were higher than those in the well differentiated group (P<0.05). And in the well differentiated group, but the serum HDL-C, Apo-A were significantly lower than in poorly differentiated group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Abnormal elevated of the serum TC, TG, LDL-C, Apo B and HDL-C, Apo-A decline is related to the tumors accruing and development of breast cancer.

To explore how to create and optimize a promotion index system of medical quality evaluation, this article focuses on the hospital visiting process from patients, using analyzing collected those index system from couples of Grade Ⅲ hospitals in Beijing, and combining the results of literal study, field study and specialist consult, according to the different situation of general hospitals and specially hospitals, with the spirit of "maintaining the patients benefits, safeguarding the patients safety,and enhancing the medical quality", introduces the framework of the promotion index system, the rules to select the indicator, and so on, and discusses several problerns related to creating the index system.

Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a well-validated drug target and its inhibitors are potential drugs for treating leukotriene-related disorders. Our previous work on structural optimization of the hit compound 2 from our in-house collection identified two lead compounds, 3a and 3b, exhibiting a potent inhibitory profile against 5-LOX with IC50 values less than 1 µmol/L in cell-based assays. Here, we further optimized these compounds to prepare a class of novel pyrazole derivatives by opening the fused-ring system. Several new compounds exhibited more potent inhibitory activity than the lead compounds against 5-LOX. In particular, compound 4e not only suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in brain inflammatory cells and protected neurons from oxidative toxicity, but also significantly decreased infarct damage in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia. Molecular docking analysis further confirmed the consistency of our theoretical results and experimental data. In conclusion, the excellent in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities of these compounds against 5-LOX suggested that these novel chemical structures have a promising therapeutic potential to treat leukotriene-related disorders.

The passing of ethical review is a necessary conditions and prerequisite for the development of life science and medical research involving humans. At present, some medical and health institutions have no or insufficient ethical review capabilities. The lack of ethical review ability has become a bottleneck restricting the development of life science and medical research involving humans. According to documents such as Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Review and Approval System and Encouraging the Innovation of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices, Opinions on Strengthening the Ethical Governance of Science and Technology, institutions can entrust competent institutional ethics review committees or regional ethics review committees in writing to conduct ethical review. Entrustment ethical review provides a viable solution for institutions that need to carry out life science and medical research involving humans but do not have an ethics (review) committee or the ethics (review) committee is not competent to review. To conduct the entrustment ethical review, the entrustment between the principal and the trustee is required. According to The Measures for Ethical Review of Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans, if medical and health institutions and their ethical review committees do not accept the formal entrustment to provide the ethical review opinions for other institutions, the local health authorities at or above the county level will impose administrative penalties and sanctions on the relevant institutions and personnel in accordance with the law. Signing the entrustment ethical review contract, implementing legal compliance entrusted ethical review to protect the rights and interests of the trustee and the principal, and protect the research participants.