OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and resistance characteristic of Escherichia coli in order to provide reference for the clinical application of drugs.METHODS The strains of E.coli were detected and their sensitivity to antibiotics was determined by VITEK automatic bacterium identifying and drug sensitivity analyzing systems,then the specimens in which E.coli was detected and the result of sensitivity to antibiotics were analyzed.RESULTS Among 210 specimens in which E.coli was detected,the urine was the most frequent.There were 46 strains which produced extended-spectrum ?-lactamases(ESBLs),the ESBLs-producing rate of E.coli was 21.9%,the drug resistance of ESBLs producers was more serious than that of nonproducers.The resistant rate of ESBLs producers against penicillins was 100%,but the susceptibility rate was 19.6-84.8% while combined with the ?-lactamases inhibitors.The susceptibility rates of ESBLs producers to the antibiotics from the first generation cephalosporins to the third generation ones were 0.0-45.6%.The susceptibility rates of ESBLs producers to cefepime,cefoxitin,ciprofloxacin and Cotrimoxazole were 60.9%,34.8%,10.9% and 13.0%,respectively,whereas amikacin,imipenem,and meropenem were more effective against the bacteria,the susceptibility rates of ESBLs producers were 89.1%,97.8% and 97.8%,respectively.while all the nonproducers were susceptible to them.The ESBLs producers had high sensitivity to imipenem,meropenem,amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam,and had high resistance to the other antimicrobial drugs,they showed multi-drug resistance.CONCLUSIONS It is rather serious the resistance of E.coli to usual antibiotics,and that of ESBLs producers is more serious.It should be cautious to use cephalosporins to treat infections caused by E.coli,carbapenem,amikacin and some of complex antibiotics containing ?-lactamases inhibitor are very effective to treat infections caused by ESBLs producers.It is very important to select rational drugs correctly for clinical treatment of the infections according to the results of antibiotics susceptibility tests.

Objective:To investigate the effect of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) by intra-bone marrow (IBM) or intravenous (IV) on the incidence of graft-versus-host disease(GVHD) after allogeneic peripheral hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT).Methods:Female C57BL/6 mice as recipients received total body irradiation (TBI) on day 0,followed by injection of peripheral hematopoietic stem cells from mobilized male BALB/c with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF),and DLI was performed via IV or IBM.The extent of GVHD was compared in recipients received allogeneic IBM-DLI with those received IV-DLI.The percentage of donor-derived cells and CD4~+CD25~+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) was detected by flow cytometry.14 days after DLI,the levels of IL-4 and interferon (IFN)-γ were tested by ELISA.Results:It was found that the frequency and severity of GVHD were reduced in IBM-DLI compared with that of IV-DLI (P＜0.01).7 days after transplantation,the percentage of H-2~d-positive cells was over 95% in all surviving transplanted mice;and 14 days after transplantation,the percentage of Tregs detected as CD4~+CD25~+ was significantly higher in recipients treated with IBM-DLI than those treated with IV-DLI(P＜0.01).Compared with that of the recipients in IBM-DLI group,the level of IL-4 was significantly decreased,while the level of IFN-γ were elevated in group IV-DLI (P＜0.01).Conclusion:IBM-DLI could induce the proliferation of Tregs and the Th polarizing to Th2,resulting in decreasing the incidence and alleviating severity of GVHD after allo-PBSCT.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristic of clinical distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in lower respiratory tract infection. METHODS Bacterial culture of the lower respiratory tract samples collected from patients who were admitted from Jan to May 2008 was done.The bacteria identification and drug sensitivity tests were done by VITEK bacterium identifying and drug sensitivity analyzing system. RESULTS A total of 502 pathogens were isolated,in which 340 strains of Gram-negative bacteria(67.7%),32 strains of Gram-positive cocci(6.4%)and 130 strains of fungi(25.9%).Of all the 372 strains of bacteria,the most common pathogens in turn were Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli,respectively.Non-fermenters were the dominant pathogens in intensive care unit(ICU)and the surgery wards,Enterobacteriaceae and fungi were the dominant pathogens in the non-operation wards.Of A.baumannii strains,the antibiotic resistant rates to imipenem and meropenem were 7.5% and 8.8%,respectively,the resistant rates to the other antibiotics were high(53.8%-100.0%,respectively).Of P.aeruginosa strains,the antibiotic resistant rates to imipenem,meropenem,polymyxicn E,ciprofloxacin,amikacin,tobramycin and gentamicin were 11.1%-27.0%,respectively,The resistant rates to the other antibiotics such as penicillins,cephalosporins and the complex antibiotics containing ?-lactamases inhibitor were 38.1%-100.0%.The ESBLs-producing rate of K.pneumoniae strains(71.7%)was higher than that of E.coli strains(29.1%).K.pneumoniae strains and E.coli strains were all sensitive to imipenem and meropenem,and both of their resistant rates against amikacin were the same(10.9%),but against the other antibiotics the resistance of E.coli strains were more serious than that of K.pneumoniae strains. CONCLUSIONS In our area,non-fermenters are mainly isolated from ICU and the surgery wards.Enterobacteriaceae and fungi are mainly isolated from the non-operation wards.The major pathogens show multi-drug resistance except imipenem,meropenem and amikacin.It′s important to prevent hospital acquired lower respiratory tract infection during the clinical therapy,and it is urgent for rational use of antimicrobial agents according to the results of antibiotics susceptibility tests.

Objective To investigate the effect of donor lymphocyte infusion(DU) by intra-bone marrow(IBM)or intravenous(Ⅳ)on the incidence of graft-versus-host disease(GVHD)and graft-versus-leukemia(GVL)after allogeneic peripheral hematopoietic stem cen transplantation(allo-PBSCT).Methods Female C57BL/6 mice as recipients received total body irradiation (TSr) Oil day 0,followed by injection of peripheral hematopoietic stem cells from mobilized male BALB/e with the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor(rhG-CSF),and DLI Was performed via Ⅳ or IBM.The extents of GVHD and GVL were compared in recipients received IBM-DLI with those received IV-DLI.The percentages of donor-defived cells and CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ regulatory T cells(Treg) were detected by flow cytometry.Results It Was found that the frequency of GVHD and GVL were reduced in IBM-DLI compared with that of IV-DLI(P

OBJECTIVEThis research aimed to investigate the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) in mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH) and to explore the mechanism by which PTH promotes DO.

METHODSA rabbit mandibular DO model was established. The rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. The former were subcutaneously injected with different doses of PTH on alternate days, the latter was injected with normal saline every other day. Serum OPG levels were detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The OPG and RANKL expression levels in the DO-induced formation of a new bone tissue were examined through immunohistochemistry staining.

RESULTSThe serum OPG levels gradually increased during distraction. At the end of the stretch, the OPG expression in the experimental group was significantly stronger than that in the control group. As the fixed period was extended, the OPG expression in the new bone gradually decreased, but the RANKL expression increased.

CONCLUSIONIntermittent subcutaneous PTH injection can upregulate the OPG expression and accelerate bone metabolism. Thus, this procedure promotes the early generation of a new bone in the mandible through DO.

Animals ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Mandible ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; methods ; Osteoprotegerin ; metabolism ; Parathyroid Hormone ; metabolism ; RANK Ligand ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation

AIM:To investigate the effect of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 ( STAT 1 ) on proliferation and interferon-β(IFN-β) sensitivity of human non-small-cell lung cancer H1299 cells.METHODS:STAT1 or EGFP gene was transfected into H1299 cells by the lentiviral vectors system.The cell number was counted under a mi-croscope and cell proliferation was tested by MTT assay.In addition, the cells transfected with STAT1 and EGFP were trea-ted with IFN-βand cell viability was measured by MTT assay.The protein levels of p-STAT1, ICAM-1 and PCNA were de-tected by Western blot.RESULTS: Over-expression of STAT1 inhibited H1299 cell proliferation (P<0.05).H1299 cells transfected with STAT1 gene had a higher sensitivity to IFN-βthan the control cells transfected with EGFP ( P <0.05).Overexpression of STAT1 increased the protein level of p-STAT1, and reduced IACM-1 expression in H1299 cells. Moreover, STAT1 enhanced STAT1 phosphorylation and downregulated the expression of PCNA in H1299 cells treated with IFN-β.CONCLUSION:STAT1 inhibits the proliferation and enhances the IFN-βsensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer H1299 cells.

Ideal blood glucose control requires accurate insulin injections under the guidance of frequent glucose monitoring.Artificial pancreas (AP),the closed-loop control system can adjust the input amount of insulin automatically with the body's blood glucose levels.The AP allows diabetics to control blood glucose ideal,then get the benefit of prevention of complications and bring convenience and safety in clinical application.Accuracy is the key issue of the AP.To improve the accuracy of such a system need to improve the detection accuracy and reliability,increase speed and accuracy of the output control,and improve the accuracy of the system regulation model.

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) was developed to identify the absorbed parent components and metabolites in rat bile, plasma and urine after oral administration of Radix Paeoniae Alba extract (RPAE). A total of 65 compounds were detected in rat bile, plasma and urine samples, including 11 parent compounds and 54 metabolites. The results indicated that glucuronidation, hydroxylation and methylation were the major metabolic pathways of the components of RPAE. Furthermore, the results of this work demonstrated that UPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with MetaboLynx? software and mass defect filtering (MDF) could provide unique high throughput capabilities for drug metabolism study, with excellent MS mass accuracy and enhanced MSE data acquisition. With the MSE technique, both precursor and fragment mass spectra can be simultaneously acquired by alternating between high and low collision energy during a single chromatographic run.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum lipids, apolipoprotein and breast cancer. Methods A survey on the prevalence of breast cancer was conducted in out hospital from March 2012 to March 2014. The data of 82 subjects with histologically confirmed breast cancer and 80 healthy control subjects were analyzed. Serum TC, TG, Apo-A, Apo-B, HDL-C, LDL-C were tested at the same time. The grouped according to tumor size, lymph node metastasis, the degree of tissue differentiation, measured values were compared. Results The levels of serum TC,TG, LDL-C, Apo-B in the breast cancer group were (6.20±0.24) mmol/L, (2.45±0.12) mmol/L, (4.58±0.20) mmol/L, (1.25±0.15)g/L respectively, while those in the control group were (4.00±0.20) mmol/L, (0.67±0.17) mmol/L, (2.14±0.22) mmol/L, (0.86±0.24) g/L respectively.All above parameters of the breast cancer group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The levels of serum HDL-C, Apo-A in the breast cancer group were (0.90±0.11) mmol/L and (1.20±0.22) g/L, and those in the control group were (1.98±0.21) mmol/L and (1.36±0.20) g/L, which was signifi-cantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The serum TC level were significantly higher in the lump≥2 cm group than that of < 2 cm group (P<0.05). There was not significant difference between patients with lymph node metastasis and non-metastasis for the levels of serum TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, Apo-A and Apo-B. The levels of serum TG in the breast cancer poorly differentiated group were higher than those in the well differentiated group (P<0.05). And in the well differentiated group, but the serum HDL-C, Apo-A were significantly lower than in poorly differentiated group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Abnormal elevated of the serum TC, TG, LDL-C, Apo B and HDL-C, Apo-A decline is related to the tumors accruing and development of breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the value of automatic segmentation of carotid vessel wall in multicontrast MR images using U?Net neural network. Methods Patients were retrospectively collected from 2012 to 2015 in Carotid Atherosclerosis Risk Assessment (CARE II) study. All patients who recently suffered ischemic stroke and/or transient ischemic attack underwent identical, state?of?the?art multicontrast MRI technique. A total of 17 568 carotid vessel wall MR images from 658 subjects were included in this study after inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria. All MR images were analyzed using customized analysis platform (CASCADE). Randomly, 10 592 images were assigned into training dataset, 3 488 images were assigned into validating dataset and 3 488 images were assigned into test dataset according to a ratio of 6∶2∶2. Data augmentation was performed to avoid over fitting and improve the ability of model generalization. The fine?tuned U?Net model was utilized in the segmentation of carotid vessel wall in multicontrast MR images. The U?Net model was trained in the training dataset and validated in the validating dataset. To evaluate the accuracy of carotid vessel wall segmentation, the sensitivity, specificity and Dice coefficient were used in the testing dataset. In addition, the interclass correlation and the Bland?Altman analysis of max wall thickness and wall area were obtained to demonstrate the agreement of the U?Net segmentation and the manual segmentation. Results The sensitivity, specificity and Dice coefficient of the fine?tuned U?Net model achieved 0.878,0.986 and 0.858 in the test dataset, respectively. The interclass correlation (95% confidence interval) was 0.921 (0.915-0.925) for max wall thickness and 0.929 (0.924-0.933) for wall area. In the Bland?Altman analysis, the difference of max wall thickness was (0.037±0.316) mm and the difference of wall area was (1.182±4.953) mm2. The substantial agreement was observed between U?Net segmentation method and manual segmentation method. Conclusion Automatic segmentation of carotid vessel wall in multicontrast MR images can be achieved using fine?tuned U?Net neural network, which is trained and tested in the large scale dataset labeled by professional radiologists.