The executive supervision mechanism of IRBs in U.S.A and China are compared and analyzed.Based on the specific situation and realities in China,the plan of adopting good experiences of American peers to perfect the current Chinese IRBs' executive mechanism is also conceived.

Through analyzing on the statistics of published-year distribution and published-journal distribution of the research paper of China Ethical Committee,the progress and limits of the research from China Ethical Committee during past two decades are summarized.

AIM:To investigate the expression and clinical significance of PAK4 in the cell lines and tissues of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS:PAK4 expression in human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, NSCLC cell lines, NSCLC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry, real-time PCR and Western blot.Prognostic value of PAK4 expression was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression.RE-SULTS:PAK4 was over-expressed in the NSCLC cell lines at both mRNA and protein levels compared with HBE cells ( P<0.05).PAK4 was over-expressed in the NSCLC tissues at both mRNA and protein levels compared with adjacent non-tumor tissues (P<0.05).PAK4 was over-expressed in the metastatic NSCLC tissues compared with the primary NSCLC tissues (P<0.05).Higher PAK4 staining scores were positively correlated with differentiation, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and clinical stage.Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank test showed that overall survival was significantly different between the patients with up-regulated PAK4 and the patients with down-regulated PAK4 ( P<0.05) .PAK4 over-expression was associated with NSCLC progression.CONCLUSION:Increased PAK4 expression was associated with tumor invasion, metastasis and prognosis in the patients with NSCLC.PAK4 is an important prognostic marker and potential ther-apeutic target in NSCLC.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and side effects of MINE regimen, as a salvage regimen, in treating patients with recurrent and refractory intermediate grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL).Methods 45 patients failing to CHOP or CHOP-like regimen were treated with MINE regimen and every patient had received 2-6 cycles of treatment. IFO 15 g/m2, ivgtt on d1-3, combined with mesna 400 mg iv for3 times on Oh, 4h, 8h after IFO ivgtt; MIT 10 mg/m2 ivgtt on dl; VP1665 mg/m2 ivgtt on d1-3. 21-28 daysconsisted of one cycle. The therapeutic effects and side effects were evaluated according to the WHO criteria.Results In all 45 patients, 53.3 % of overall response rate were achieved CR for 9 cases, 15 cases PR, 13 cases SD and 8 cases PD. Main side effects were myelosuppression, nausea, vomit, alopecia, etc. Conclusion MINE regimen is an effective and safe salvage regimen in treating patients with recurrent and refractory intermediate grade NHL. Further clinical study on the application of MINE regimen is recommended.

Objective To understand the microorganism pollution in the indoor air in the campus of Liaocheng University. Methods In April and May, 2004, the content of airborne microbes in the indoor air in Liaocheng University campus was determined by the gravity plate method. Results The average content of bacteria in the indoor air was 2.39?103 cfu/m3, the average content of mildew was 0.62?103 cfu/m3. The predominant microorganism in the internet bars in the campus was bacteria. Conclusion In general, the indoor air quality in Liaocheng University campus is at comparative clear level.

A questionnaire survey aimed to explore the ECs'current status is conducted in three-level hospitals of Tianjin, the existing questions and reasons of ECs in China are analyzed.

Objective To analyze the molecular epidemiology characteristic of neonatal deafness susceptibility genes .Methods Hearing screening and deafness susceptibility genes screening were performed in 1 674 cases of newborn to analyze the epidemiolog‐ical characteristics .Results Among 1 674 cases of neonatus ,37 cases were with deafness susceptibility gene abnormalities ,inclu‐ding 2 cases of 176 del 16 mutations ,5 cases of 299 del AT heterozygous mutation ,16 cases of 235 del C mutation ,9 cases of IVS7‐2A>G heterozygous mutations ,1 case of 2168A> G mutation ,2 cases of 538C> T heterozygous mutation ,2 cases of 1494C> T mutation ,and the positive rate was 2 .21% .Conclusion Hearing screening combined with deafness susceptibility gene screening could detect possible hearing loss children from molecular level ,providing favorable reference for the early detection ,predict and in‐terventions .

Objective:To investigate effects of depside salt from salvia miltiorrhiza(DSSM)on the dental pulp of rats under repeated exposure to +Gz acceleration.Methods:27 male SD rats were randomly divided into 9 groups(n =3).The rats in negative control group was only fixed with rats kept-keeling device,in positive control group were exposed to +5 Gz and +10 Gz respectively for 30 s each time,5 times per day,4 days per week,for 3 consecutive weeks.The rats in other groups were respectively given DSSMat 2,6 and 18 mg/kg respectively 30 min before each +Gz exposure.The rats in negative and positive control groups were injected with 0.9%sodium chloride solution 30 min prior to +Gz exposure.After the experiment,The pulp changes were observed by HE staining.Real time qPCR was applied to determine the relative expression of heat sheck protein(HSP70)mRNA.Results:+Gz exposure decreased the activity degree of the rats,and resulted in damage of rat dental pulp.With the increase of +Gz value,the relative expression of HSP70 mRNA was increased(P ＜0.05).HSP70 mRNA expression in drug groups was less than that in their own positive control groups,but showed statistical significance only in the 18 mg/kg and +10 Gz group(P ＜0.05).Conclusion:+Gz exposure may dam-age dental pulp.DSSMhas certain protective effect under +Gz exposure.

Objective To estimate the effect of berberine on the proliferation of and expressions of apoptosisrelated factors Bax and Bcl-2 in a human skin squamous cell carcinoma cell line A431.Methods A431 cells were cultured in vitro,and classified into various groups to be treated with berberine at different concentrations (12.5,25,5,100 mg/L) or cisplatin at 250 mg/L (positive control group) for different durations (12,24,48 and 72 hours).The A431 cells remaining untreated served as the negative control group.Subsequently,methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate cell growth,and inverted microscopy to observe cell morphology.Real time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and an immunofluorescence assay were conducted to measure the mRNA and protein expressions of Bax and Bcl-2 respectively.Statistical analysis was done by multi-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the software SPSS 13.0.Results MTr assay showed that berberine inhibited the growth of A431 cells,and the inhibitory effect increased with the increase in concentration (F =1118.312,P ＜ 0.001) and treatment duration (F =510.927,P ＜ 0.001) of berberine.Moreover,there was a significant interaction between the concentration and treatment duration of berberine (F =70.239,P ＜ 0.001).Inverted microscopy revealed that when the concentration of berberine increased,cell density was reduced,and cell morphology changed from polygonal to round with cell body shrinkage.The ratio of bax to Bcl-2 mRNA was elevated with the increase in treatment duration and concentration of berberine,and there were significant differences in the mRNA ratio among cells treated with berberine for different time durations at same concentrations (F =226.231,1300.636,4325.139 for berberine at 25,50 and 100 mg/L respectively,all P＜ 0.001).Immunofluorescence staining indicated that the fluorescence intensity of Bax was enhanced,while that of Bcl-2 was weakened after berberine treatment.Conclusions Berberine inhibits the growth of A431 cells in a dose-and timedependent manner,and may induce the apoptosis of A431 cells via regulating the expressions of Bax and Bcl-2.

Purpose To investigate the correlation between promoter methylation of RKIP and the clinicopathological features of gastric carcinoma and to analyze the correlation between promoter methylation of RKIP and expression of RKIP. Methods The protein ex-pression and promoter methylation of RKIP were detected in 45 cases of surgically resected gastric carcinoma specimens and 21 cases of corresponding normal tissues using the immunohistchemistry SP method and methylation-specific PCR ( MSP) . Results The positive rate of promoter methylation of RKIP was 48. 89% in gastric carcinoma tissues and 4. 8% in adjacent tissues (P<0. 05). The positive rate of the expression of RKIP protein was 42. 22% in gastric carcinoma tissues and 90. 48% in adjacent tissues (P<0. 05). The pro-tein expression and promoter methylation of RKIP were correlated with the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis ( P<0. 05) . Expression of RKIP protein in gastric carcinoma was associated with promoter methylation of RKIP. Conclusions Promoter abnormal methylation of RKIP may be one reason of the deletion of expression of RKIP protein, which correlates with occurrence and development of gastric carcinoma.