Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of depression, anxiety, somatization disorder, and adjustment disorder in older patients diagnosed with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to evaluate the relationship between exudative AMD and psychological disease. Methods: The 2016 Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-Aged Patient Sample was applied in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups: AMD patients undergoing intravitreal injection treatment and a control group. Comorbidities were evaluated using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Results: A total of 1,319,052 subjects were selected, of which 3,134 were in the exudative AMD group receiving intravitreal injections. The average age of the subjects was 74.7 ± 6.7 years, and 41.8% were male. In patients with exudative AMD, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, somatization disorder, and adjustment disorder were 16%, 20%, 0.5%, and 0.4%, respectively; in particular, the prevalence of depression and adjustment disorder were significantly higher than in the control group. In multivariate regression analysis, exudative AMD was a significant factor of depression (odds ratio [OR] 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.31, p < 0.001) and adjustment disorder (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.47-4.18, p < 0.001). However, the association between AMD and anxiety or somatization disorder was not statistically significant. Conclusions Exudative AMD showed a significant association with psychiatric disease, such as depression, and requires close clinical attention.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of depression, anxiety, somatization disorder, and adjustment disorder in older patients diagnosed with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to evaluate the relationship between exudative AMD and psychological disease. Methods: The 2016 Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-Aged Patient Sample was applied in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups: AMD patients undergoing intravitreal injection treatment and a control group. Comorbidities were evaluated using the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Results: A total of 1,319,052 subjects were selected, of which 3,134 were in the exudative AMD group receiving intravitreal injections. The average age of the subjects was 74.7 ± 6.7 years, and 41.8% were male. In patients with exudative AMD, the prevalence of depression, anxiety, somatization disorder, and adjustment disorder were 16%, 20%, 0.5%, and 0.4%, respectively; in particular, the prevalence of depression and adjustment disorder were significantly higher than in the control group. In multivariate regression analysis, exudative AMD was a significant factor of depression (odds ratio [OR] 1.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.31, p < 0.001) and adjustment disorder (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.47-4.18, p < 0.001). However, the association between AMD and anxiety or somatization disorder was not statistically significant. Conclusions Exudative AMD showed a significant association with psychiatric disease, such as depression, and requires close clinical attention.

Purpose: To analyze the incidence rate and risk factors of intraocular lens dislocation in South Korea from 2002 to 2020 using Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data. Methods: This study included 15% of patients aged > 40 years had pseudophakia or intraocular lens primary implantation codes during 2002-2020 (737,606 patients). The annual incidence rate and risk factors of intraocular lens dislocation during 2002-2020 were analyzed. Results: The mean annual incidence rate of intraocular lens dislocation during 2002-2020 was 0.20 ± 0.7%. The annual incidence rate increased significantly from 0.17% in 2002 to 0.34% in 2020 (p < 0.001). The annual mean incidence rate for women was 0.1 ± 0.05%, and there was no increasing trend (p > 0.05). The annual mean incidence rate for men was 0.35 ± 0.13% and an increasing trend was found (p < 0.001). High myopia, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and previous vitreoretinal surgery significantly increased the risk of intraocular lens dislocation (p < 0.001). Hemodialysis and hypertension were not significant risk factors (p > 0.05). Conclusions The mean annual incidence rate of intraocular lens dislocation in South Korea was 0.2 ± 0.7%, and it showed an increasing trend, among men. High myopia, uveitis, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and previous vitreoretinal surgery significantly increased the risk of intraocular lens dislocation.

BACKGROUND: Repeated 24 hour recall has been considered as a preferred method for obtaining accurate dietary information while time and cost for coding and data processing have been a major barrier for their use in large studies. This burden can be resolved by automating the interview and data processing. However, there has been no report about a computerized interview system for dietary survey in a free-living population in Korea. METHODS: This study attempts to test the feasibility of a newly-developed web-based dietary assessment program, Diet Evaluation System (DES) for subjects in a mixed region of urban and rural areas via wireless internet. We conducted total of 134 interviews, twice for each of 67 subjects of various age. As another aspect of feasibility, the group discussion among interviewers was done. RESULTS: Success rate of total attempted interviews was about 70%. Major reasons for problem with DES were instability of wireless internet and consequent inefficient booting of laptops in some areas. It took 14 minute 56 seconds on average to complete an interview and data processing conducted automatically. Subjects' age and internet environment influenced the DES interview time. The group discussion revealed that one-stop system with DES is fast and convenient assuming good wireless internet environment. CONCLUSIONS: Web-based dietary assessment was feasible in this community nutrition survey. To confirm the feasibility in large scale, studies with more comprehensive area and subjects are needed with various wireless condition.
Automatic Data Processing ; Clinical Coding ; Diet ; Diet Surveys ; Feasibility Studies ; Internet ; Korea* ; Methods ; Nutrition Surveys*

A 13-year-old spayed female Miniature Schnauzer was presented with complaints of intermittent syncope. Pericardial effusion was confirmed based on the physical examination, thoracic radiographs and echocardiography. Subsequently, prompt pericardiocentesis was performed. Clinical abnormalities were immediately improved after pericardiocentesis. However, the clinical signs associated with acute collapse recurred. After the second pericardiocentesis, thoracic radiographs revealed pleural effusion, and the clinical signs resolved rapidly. The dog underwent pleural aspiration. Analysis of pleural fluid revealed almost similar features as the previous pericardial fluid. It was possible that a pericardial-pleural fistula was created during the pericardiocentesis. The pericardial and pleural effusion disappeared after the procedures.
Adolescent ; Animals ; Cardiac Tamponade ; Dogs ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Fistula ; Humans ; Pericardial Effusion ; Pericardial Fluid ; Pericardiocentesis ; Physical Examination ; Pleural Effusion ; Syncope ; Thoracentesis

A 49-year-old man visited the emergency room of Korea University Ansan Hospital with hematochezia starting the day before the visit. Recently, he was on anti-platelet medication due to hypertension. The patient had no definite symptoms other than hematochezia. Digital rectal exam was positive and laboratory tests showed severe anemia. Sigmoidoscopy was initiated and almost no fecal material was observed in the intestinal tract, allowing insertion into the cecum. Active bleeding from the appendiceal opening was noted. On abdominal CT, contrast enhancement was observed at the tip of the appendix. Under suspicion of acute appendicitis, we consulted with a surgeon. The patient underwent appendectomy with partial cecal resection. Pathologic examination revealed a diagnosis of appendix bleeding due to acute suppurative appendicitis. The patient had no further bleeding after surgery and was discharged in a stable state. Careful observation by the endoscopist is necessary for accurate diagnosis of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Appendiceal hemorrhage is very rarely reported, but it has various pathophysiologies. CT scan is useful when appendiceal hemorrhage is confirmed by endoscopic findings. Surgical treatment was needed in almost all cases reported worldwide. If bleeding from the appendix is confirmed, surgical treatment should be considered for both therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.
Anemia ; Appendectomy ; Appendicitis* ; Appendix ; Cecum ; Colonoscopy ; Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage* ; Gyeonggi-do ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Sigmoidoscopy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

The pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics analysis software NONMEM(R) output provides model parameter estimates and associated standard errors. However, the standard error of empirical Bayes estimates of inter-subject variability is not available. A simple and direct method for estimating standard error of the empirical Bayes estimates of inter-subject variability using the NONMEM(R) VI internal matrix POSTV is developed and applied to several pharmacokinetic models using intensively or sparsely sampled data for demonstration and to evaluate performance. The computed standard error is in general similar to the results from other post-processing methods and the degree of difference, if any, depends on the employed estimation options.
Bays

Purpose: We assessed prognostic implication of bone marrow uptake on baseline F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) in patients with advanced-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 140 patients with stage III and IV DLBCL, who underwent baseline F-18 FDG PET/CT at diagnosis. Bone marrow uptake on F-18 FDG PET/CT (BM FDG) was compared with findings on bone marrow biopsy (BMB), and patients were grouped based on these results: BMB-positive and BM FDG-positive (group 1), BMB-positive and BM FDG-negative (group 2), BMB-negative and BM FDG-positive (group 3), and BMB-negative and BM FDG-negative (group 4). The prognostic value of clinicopathologic factors and BM FDG for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Differences in PFS and OS were examined by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: BMB was the only significant indicator in predicting PFS, and age, IPI score higher than 3, and BM FDG significantly predicted OS. Group 1 showed inferior PFS than group 2 (median PFS, 7.4 vs. 13.9 months; p = 0.04). In contrast, there was no significant difference either in PFS or OS between group 2 and group 3. Conclusion We showed that BM FDG-positive predicted a poorer survival in patients with advanced stage DBLCL. We also found that BMB-negative and BM FDG-positive patients had similar PFS or OS to BMB-positive and BM FDG-negative patients. Further study in a larger population is needed to clarify clinical significance of BM FDG in these patients.

A 13-year-old spayed female Miniature Schnauzer was presented with complaints of intermittent syncope. Pericardial effusion was confirmed based on the physical examination, thoracic radiographs and echocardiography. Subsequently, prompt pericardiocentesis was performed. Clinical abnormalities were immediately improved after pericardiocentesis. However, the clinical signs associated with acute collapse recurred. After the second pericardiocentesis, thoracic radiographs revealed pleural effusion, and the clinical signs resolved rapidly. The dog underwent pleural aspiration. Analysis of pleural fluid revealed almost similar features as the previous pericardial fluid. It was possible that a pericardial-pleural fistula was created during the pericardiocentesis. The pericardial and pleural effusion disappeared after the procedures.