No abstract available.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Hamartoma*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hydroxyapatite has biocompatibility and bioactivity and similar to bone of in human body. The purpose of this study is to evaluate osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) in PLGA Scaffold added various ratio of hydroxyapatite (HAp). METHODS AND RESULTS: PLGA and PLGA/HAp scaffold were prepared using solvent casting/salt-leaching method. BMSC was seeded on the PLGA and PLGA/HAp scaffold and the samples were cultured in 37degrees C incubator with 5% CO2 for 28 days. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was carried out to evaluate alkaline phosphatase activity at 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14 days. Alizarin Red S stating was performed to identify calcium in scaffold at 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Compressive strength was measured to evaluate mechanical property of scaffold. To confirm cell viability, MTT was carried out at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. RT-PCR was performed to verify specific marker expression of osteoblast and stem cell at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. CONCLUSIONS: Osteogenic differentiation of BMSC was confirmed through ALP, RT-PCR, and alizarin red S staining in this study. These results suggest that HAp helps osteogenic differentiation of BMSC.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Anthraquinones ; Bone Marrow ; Calcium ; Cell Survival ; Compressive Strength ; Durapatite ; Human Body ; Incubators ; Lactic Acid ; Osteoblasts ; Polyglycolic Acid ; Seeds ; Stem Cells

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder that can affect individuals across their lifespan. It is characterized by the core symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. ADHD develops as a result of the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. Children and adults with ADHD usually suffer concomitantly from other psychiatric comorbidities, including both externalizing and internalizing disorders. It is associated with functional impairment and poor long-term outcomes. This review aims to summarize the key findings from recent research into ADHD and its prevalence, core symptoms, cause and comorbidities from childhood to adulthood.
Adult ; Child ; Comorbidity* ; Humans ; Impulsive Behavior ; Prevalence

Background: The present study investigated the role of synergistic interaction between hyperuricemia and abdominal obesity as a risk factor for the components of metabolic syndrome. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study using the data of 16,094 individuals from the seventh Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016 to 2018). The adjusted odds ratios of metabolic syndrome and its components were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The presence of synergistic interaction between hyperuricemia and abdominal obesity was evaluated by calculating the additive scales—the relative excess risk due to interaction, attributable proportion due to interaction, and synergy index (SI). Results: There was a synergistic interaction between hyperuricemia and abdominal obesity in hypertriglyceridemia (men: SI, 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.98; women: SI, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.69), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (men: SI, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.41 to 2.91; women: SI, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.95). There was no significant synergistic interaction between hyperuricemia and abdominal obesity for the risk of high blood pressure (men: SI, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.85 to 1.77; women: SI, 1.53; 95% CI, 0.79 to 2.97), and hyperglycemia (men: SI, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.47; women: SI, 1.39; 95% CI, 0.75 to 2.57). Conclusion Hyperuricemia and abdominal obesity synergistically increased the risk of hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C in both sexes.

Objective: We investigated arthralgia and myalgia associated with the use of oral bisphosphonate (BP) by conducting a survey of patient. Methods: The pharmacists conducted a survey between 1 Oct 2019 and 30 Sep 2020 among patients who were dispensed BP in community pharmacies to assess their demographic and medical characteristics, and their experiences with, and process for pain. Logistic regression analyses were performed to find the risk factors associated with the pain, and the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined. Results: A total of 160 patients who used BP participated in the survey (74 [46.3%] used risedronate; 61 [38.1%] used alendronate; 23 [14.4%] used ibandronate), and 20 (12.5%) of them experienced pain. Significant statistical differences of the characteristics between patients who experienced pain or not were observed regarding menopause, and parity. Compared with women who had one or two parity, women who had more than three parity were associated with the decreased risk of pain (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.04-0.98). Moreover, steady exercise was associated with the decreased risk of pain compared to less exercise (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14-0.98). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the risk of pain in BP-treated patients might be different regarding the different ingredients of BP, and dosing frequency. This survey highlights a need for a further safety research to understand the factors influencing the pain associated with the BP treatment.

Objective: We investigated arthralgia and myalgia associated with the use of oral bisphosphonate (BP) by conducting a survey of patient. Methods: The pharmacists conducted a survey between 1 Oct 2019 and 30 Sep 2020 among patients who were dispensed BP in community pharmacies to assess their demographic and medical characteristics, and their experiences with, and process for pain. Logistic regression analyses were performed to find the risk factors associated with the pain, and the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined. Results: A total of 160 patients who used BP participated in the survey (74 [46.3%] used risedronate; 61 [38.1%] used alendronate; 23 [14.4%] used ibandronate), and 20 (12.5%) of them experienced pain. Significant statistical differences of the characteristics between patients who experienced pain or not were observed regarding menopause, and parity. Compared with women who had one or two parity, women who had more than three parity were associated with the decreased risk of pain (OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.04-0.98). Moreover, steady exercise was associated with the decreased risk of pain compared to less exercise (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14-0.98). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the risk of pain in BP-treated patients might be different regarding the different ingredients of BP, and dosing frequency. This survey highlights a need for a further safety research to understand the factors influencing the pain associated with the BP treatment.

Background: The ratio of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) based on cystatin C and creatinine (eGFRcystatin C/eGFRcreatinine ratio) is related to accumulating atherosclerosis-promoting proteins and increased mortality in several cohorts. Methods: We assessed whether the eGFRcystatin C/eGFRcreatinine ratio is a predictor of arterial stiffness and sub-clinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, who were followed up during 2008 to 2016. GFR was estimated using an equation based on cystatin C and creatinine. Results: A total of 860 patients were stratified according to their eGFRcystatin C/eGFRcreatinine ratio (i.e., <0.9, 0.9–1.1 [a reference group], and >1.1). Intima-media thickness was comparable among the groups; however, presence of carotid plaque was frequent in the <0.9 group (<0.9 group, 38.3%; 0.9–1.1 group, 21.6% vs. >1.1 group, 17.2%, P<0.001). Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was faster in the <0.9 group (<0.9 group, 1,656.3±333.0 cm/sec; 0.9–1.1 group, 1,550.5±294.8 cm/sec vs. >1.1 group, 1,494.0±252.2 cm/sec, P<0.001). On comparing the <0.9 group with the 0.9–1.1 group, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of prevalence of high baPWV and carotid plaque were 2.54 (P=0.007) and 1.95 (P=0.042), respectively. Cox regression analysis demonstrated near or over 3-fold higher risks of the prevalence of high baPWV and carotid plaque in the <0.9 group without chronic kidney disease (CKD). Conclusion We concluded that eGFRcystatin C/eGFRcreatinine ratio <0.9 was related to an increased risk of high baPWV and carotid plaque in T2DM patients, especially, those without CKD. Careful monitoring of cardiovascular disease is needed for T2DM patients with low eGFRcystatin C/eGFRcreatinine ratio.

Objectives: To investigate the association between serum uric acid (UA) and relative hand grip strength (HGS) in comparison with metabolic syndrome components. Methods: We analyzed the data of 5247 Korean adults aged ≥ 20 years (2422 men and 2825 women) who participated in the KNHNES VII (2018). Results: Among women, relative HGS was significantly lower in participants with hyperuricemia (1.65 ± 0.04) than in those without (1.95 ± 0.01) and was significantly decreased in the highest quartile (4Q: 1.77 ± 0.02) of serum UA compared with that in the lowest quartile (1Q: 1.98 ± 0.02). Among men, relative HGS was lower in participants with hyperuricemia (3.09 ± 0.04 vs. 3.16 ± 0.02) and decreased in 4Q (3.08 ± 0.03) of serum UA compared with that in 1Q (3.15 ± 0.03); however, these results were not statistically significant. In age- and multivariate-adjusted analyses in men, relative HGS was significantly lower in 4Q compared with that in 1Q in model 1 (adjusted for age), but there were no significant differences in model 2 (adjusted for age, BMI, and waist circumference) and model 3 (adjusted for age, BMI, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Meanwhile, in women, relative HGS was significantly decreased in 4Q compared with that in 1Q in all models. Conclusions A significant inverse correlation was observed between serum UA levels and relative HGS in women, and their significance was maintained even after adjusting for age and metabolic syndrome components.