Objective To evaluate the changes of urodynamics in female patients with diabetic cystopathy.Methods Fifty six female patients with diabetic cystopathy were enrolled in the study , including 31 cases with diabetic course <15 years ( groupⅠ) and 25 cases with diabetic course ≥15 years ( group Ⅱ) .Urodynamic examination was performed in all patients and the urodynamic parameters were compared between two groups.Results The average residual urine volume , the volume of first bladder sensation and the max bladder capacity in groups ⅠandⅡwere (35 ±16)ml and (65 ±24) ml,(220 ± 76)ml and (330 ±88) ml, (380 ±92) ml and (580 ±122) ml, respectively; 3 out 31 and 16 out of 25 patients in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed low compliance .The above indexes between two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.01).Conclusion Urodynamics can indicate the severity of functional damage of urinary bladder in patients with diabetic cystopathy .

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between serum mRNA level of heparin binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) occurrence. Methods: Our research included in 2 groups: ACS group,n=50 patients and Control group,n=100 normal subjects. Serum HB-EGF mRNA level was examined by RT-PCR and the relationship between HB-EGF mRNA and ACS occurrence was assessed by Logistic regression analysis. Results: Compared with Control group, the serum HB-EGF mRNA level of ACS group was higher (0.22±0.73) vs (0.46±0.14),P<0.05. With adjusted meaningful factors of hypertension, smoking, TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and BMI by single factor analysis, multi Logistic regression analysis indicated that serum HB-EGF mRNA was related to ACS occurrence (OR=5.813, 95% CI 2.342-14.426,P<0.001) which meant that upon 0.1 grey value of HB-EGF mRNA elevation, the risk of ACS occurrence may increase 4.813 folds accordingly. Conclusion: Serum HB-EGF mRNA level was related to ACS occurrence.

Objective To assess the risk factors of the in-hospital mortality of acute type A aortic dissection after operation. Method From January 2003 to June 2008,185 patients, 144 males and 41 females, with acute type A aortic dissection operated on were enrolled. The average age of patients was (49.46 ± 11.04 ) years old.The patients' demographics, history, clinical features, and some laboratory examinations were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analysis followed by logistic regression analysis were carried out to identify the predictors of inhospital mortality. Results The in-hospital mortality rate was 9.1%. The results of univariate and multivariate analyses as follows: pre-operation positive neurological symptom (Univariate OR = 5.084,95%CI:1.792 -14.426, P = 0.002; Multivariate OR = 5.538,95%CI: 1.834 - 16.721, P = 0.002, respectively), hypotension (Univariate OR = 6.986,95%CI:1.510- 32.323,P =0.013; multivariate OR = 1.998,95%CI:0.315-12.679,P = 0.463, respectively) and renal failure (Univariate OR = 3.594,95%CI:1.237 - 10.438,P =0.019; Multivariate OR = 3.254,95%CI:1.034- 10.242, P= 0.044, respectively). Conclusions There are two predictors, pre-operation positive neurological symptom and renal failure, of pre-hospital mortality found in current analyses. Our results may improve the regimen made by cardiac surgeons and emergency doctors so as to help patients and their relatives to make correct decision.

Chitosan has natural abundance, unique bioactivity and attractive physicochemical properties. Recent years, the synthesis of chitosan-based metal nanomaterials has attracted increasing attention. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles utilizing biomolecular or organism offers a mild medium, and thus a greater degree of control over the nanoparticles produced, along with higher reproducibility. In particular, preparation of metal nanoparticles based on biomolecular or organism has its unique facility in integrating "minimum feature sizes" into labile biological components to an excellent synergy and bifunctional effect and consequently a more broad application. Herein, we review the new development of chitosan, chitosan-based synthesis of metal nanomaterials, and their application.
Catalysis ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Metal Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction

Objective To establish and interpret of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2025 Edition),to determine particulate matter in pharmaceutical packaging materials,and to provide further guidance and support for the later use of the standard.Methods By reviewing the existing problems in the use of Chinese pharmaceutical packaging materials standards(YBB standards)standards combined with the construction of new standard system for pharmaceutical packaging materials in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China,also about the validation data of the pharmaceutical packaging materials,the scope、testing methods、requirements and the experimental parameters of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China determination of particulate matter in pharmaceutical packaging materials are studied and interpreted in detail.Results Compared with the current YBB standard,the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China-determination of particulate matter in pharmaceutical packaging materials has solved the problems of incomplete application scope and unreasonable requirements and parameters in the YBB standard.Conclusion The content of the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(2025 Edition)determination of the particulate matter in drug packaging materials method is more scientific、applicable and operable.This method can standardize the determination of a particulate matter in drug packaging materials and can also play a supporting role in the construction of the standard system to promote industrial development.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and potential mechanism of the compatibility of Astragali Radix-Puerariae Lobatae Radix on ferroptosis of liver cells in type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） insulin resistance （IR） rats. METHODS Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group （12 rats） and modeling group （48 rats）. The modeling group was fed with a high- fat diet for 4 consecutive weeks and then given a one-time tail vein injection of 1% streptozotocin to establish T2DM IR model. The model rats were randomly divided into model group， the compatibility of Astragali Radix-Puerariae Lobatae Radix group [QG group， 4.05 g/（kg·d）， intragastric administration]， ferroptosis inhibitor ferrostatin-1 group [Fer-1 group， 5 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection， once every other day]， the compatibility of Astragali Radix-Puerariae Lobatae Radix+ferroptosis inducer erastin group [QG+erastin group， 4.05 g/（kg·d） by intragastric administration+erastin 10 mg/（kg·d）， intraperitoneal injection]. After 4 weeks of intervention， serum fasting blood glucose （FBG） and fasting insulin （FINS） were measured in each group of rats， and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR） and the natural logarithm of insulin action index（IAI） were calculated； the serum levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， aspartate transaminase （AST） and alanine transaminase （ALT）， Fe2+ and Fe content， glutathione （GSH）， malondialdehyde （MDA） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） levels， NADP+/NADPH ratio and reactive oxygen species （ROS） were determined. The pathological morphology of its liver tissue was observed； the protein expressions of glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4）， ferritin heavy chain 1 （FTH1）， long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 3 （ACSL3）， ACSL4， ferritin mitochondrial （FTMT）， and cystine/glutamate anti-porter （xCT） in the liver tissue of rats were detected. RESULTS Compared with control group， the liver cells in the model group of rats showed disordered arrangement， swelling， deepened nuclear staining， and more infiltration of inflammatory cells， as well as a large number of hepatocyte vacuoles and steatosis； FBG （after medication）， the levels of TC， TG， LDL-C， AST， ALT， FINS， MDA and ROS， HOMA-IR， Fe2+ and Fe content， NADP+/NADPH ratio and protein expression of ACSL4 were significantly increased or up-regulated， while the levels of HDL-C， GSH and SOD， IAI， protein expressions of GPX4， FTH1， ACSL3， FTMT and xCT were significantly reduced or down-regulated （P＜0.01）. Compared with the model group， both QG group and Fer-1 group showed varying degrees of improvement in pathological damage of liver tissue and the levels of the above indicators， the differences in the changes of most indicators were statistically significant （P＜0.01 or P＜0.05）. Compared with QG group， the improvement of the above indexes of QG+erastin group had been reversed significantly （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS The compatibility decoction of Astragali Radix-Puerariae Lobatae Radix can reduce the level of FBG in T2DM IR rats， and alleviate IR degree， ion overload and pathological damage of liver tissue. The above effects are related to the inhibition of ferroptosis.

Objective:To determine the content of the released nickel ion through the 7 extraction media to extract the Ni-Ti wires and to plot the curve of the released nickel ion so as to identify a leaching medium that can be substituted for blood for in vitro Ni release evaluation. Methods:The release of Ni through microwave digestion/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the goat serum was determined. Because of the high content of Ni release, it could be determined by diluting the extraction medium, and other extraction media could be determined directly. Ni release standard curves were plotted by the release amount and different time point variables. Though the different extraction media Ni release curves confirm the specificity of extraction media instead of blood.Results:By analyzing the Ni release curves of seven leaching media, it was found that none of these seven extraction media was suitable for the evaluation of Ni release in in vitro leaching media. Considering the safety of the leaching medium and the simplicity of preparation, hydrochloric acid solution was chosen as the leaching medium, but the concentration needed to be diluted accordingly. Finally, a hydrochloric acid solution was created as an alternative to blood for the in vitro study of Ni release from Ni-Ti alloy cardiovascular products, with a volume fraction of 0.005%. Conclusions:The in vitro leaching medium that can replace blood was found to be hydrochloric acid for the time being, but its concentration was too high, resulting in too much Ni release as well, which deviated from the actual situation. Therefore, the hydrochloric acid solution was diluted step by step, and the Ni release curve was examined until it was close to the clinical release level, and the actual concentration was determined, thus laying a solid foundation for the subsequent evaluation of the safety and risk.

In this report, a series of novel piperidine-substituted thiophene[3,2-]pyrimidine derivatives were designed to explore the hydrophobic channel of the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors binding pocket (NNIBP) by incorporating an aromatic moiety to the left wing of the lead . The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV potency in MT-4 cells and inhibitory activity to HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited broad-spectrum activity toward wild-type and a wide range of HIV-1 strains carrying single non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI)-resistant mutations. Especially, compound exhibited the most potent activity against wild-type and a panel of single mutations (L100I, K103N, Y181C, Y188L and E138K) with an EC ranging from 6.02 to 23.9 nmol/L, which were comparable to those of etravirine (ETR). Moreover, the RT inhibition activity, preliminary structure-activity relationship and molecular docking were also investigated. Furthermore, exhibited favorable pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles and with a bioavailability of 33.8%. Taken together, the results could provide valuable insights for further optimization and compound holds great promise as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

Indolylarylsulfones (IASs) are classical HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) with a unique scaffold and possess potent antiviral activity. To address the high cytotoxicity and improve safety profiles of IASs, we introduced various sulfonamide groups linked by alkyl diamine chain to explore the entrance channel of non-nucleoside inhibitors binding pocket. 48 compounds were designed and synthesized to evaluate their anti-HIV-1 activities and reverse transcriptase inhibition activities. Especially, compound R₁₀L₄ was endowed with significant inhibitory activity towards wild-type HIV-1 (EC_50(WT) = 0.007 μmol/L, SI = 30,930) as well as a panel of single-mutant strains exemplified by L100I (EC₅₀ = 0.017 μmol/L, SI = 13,055), E138K (EC₅₀ = 0.017 μmol/L, SI = 13,123) and Y181C (EC₅₀ = 0.045 μmol/L, SI = 4753) which were superior to Nevirapine and Etravirine. Notably, R₁₀L₄ was characterized with significantly reduced cytotoxicity (CC₅₀ = 216.51 μmol/L) and showed no remarkable in vivo toxic effects (acute and subacute toxicity). Moreover, the computer-based docking study was also employed to characterize the binding mode between R₁₀L₄ and HIV-1 RT. Additionally, R₁₀L₄ presented an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile. Collectively, these results deliver precious insights for next optimization and indicate that the sulfonamide IAS derivatives are promising NNRTIs for further development.