Objective To study the prevalence and risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among adults in Zhengzhou. Methods One thousand eight hundred and fifty five residents (≥ 20 years) from 4 communities in 4 districts of Zhengzhou city were randomly selected by using a stratified,multistage sampling. They were interviewed, and received physical examination and measurements of urine and blood for renal damage as well as risk factors. Results Eligible data of 1752 subjects were included in the study. After the adjustment of age and gender component, albuminuria was found in 5.78% of the subjects, hematuria in 8.19%, and reduced renal function in 1.58%. Male had lower prevalence of albuminuria and hematuria (4.37% vs 7.29%, X2=6.252, P=0.012; 5.08% vs 11.51%, X2=24.499, P＜0.01), but higher prevalence of reduced eGFR(2.26% vs 0.86%, X2=5.830, P=0.016) as compared with female. The prevalence of albuminuria and reduced eGFR increased with age. The crude prevalence of CKD was 14.50%, while the standardized rate was 13.57%. The prevalence of female was higher than that of male (17.83% vs 9.59%, X2=23.132, P＜0.O1), which also increased with age. The most common manifestations of CKD were hematuria and albuminuria. Gender, age, smoking, hypertension,diabetes mellitus, obesity and hyperuricaemia were independently associated with CKD. The awareness rate of CKD was 8.27% and only 7.09% of the subjects received treatment. Conclusions The prevalence of CKD is 13.57% and the recognition is 8.27% in urban adult population of Zhengzhou.lndependent risk factors associated with kidney damage are gender, age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and hyperuricaemia.

Objective To explore the prevalence of chronic kidney disease(CKD) and its related risk factors in the people aged 60 years or over in Zhengzhou.Methods One thousand two hundred and ninety-one residents aged 60 years or over were selected with stratified-multi-steps-cluster sampling method in 4 communities from 4 different districts in Zhengzhou city.The indicators of renal damage and its related factors were collected with questionnaires.Results Eligible data of 1247 subjects were collected.After adjustment for age and gender, the prevalence of albuminuria,hematuria and reduced eGFR were 13.3% ,6.0% and 2.0% respectively, and the prevalence of CKD was 17.5%.Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension, diabetes and overweight were independent risk factors for CKD.Conclusions The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the urban people aged 60 years or over in Zhengzhou is higher than in the non-elderly people and preventive measures should be adopted.

Objective To identify the metabolic alterations in the prefrontal lobe in male patients with schizophrenia by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (~1H-MRS), and to study the relationship between metabolic alterations and executive function. Methods The study was conducted in 26 male schizophrenics with medicine-free for at least 7 days and 28 normal controls. A multi-voxel ~1H-MRS on the prefrontal lobe was performed in all the subjects within 24 hours of admission. Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) was used to evaluate executive function. The NAA, Cho and Cr were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/(Cho+Cr) were calculated. Results Compared with normal controls, the patients demonstrated significantly lower NAA/Cr ratio (t=2.93, P<0.01) in the left prefrontal lobe and poorer performance in WCST (P<0.05). The NAA/Cr ratio in the left prefrontal lobe was positively associated with the responses errors and the perseverative errors of WCST(r=0.45, P＜0.05; r=0.47, P＜0.05)and negatively associated with the categories completed and conceptual level responses(r=-0.54, P＜0.01; r=-0.56, P＜0.01). Conclusions Abnormalities in neuronal function and/or integrity are present in the left prefrontal lobe of male schizophrenics. The neuron damage in the left prefrontal lobe of male schizophrenic may be the primary cause of cognition dysfunction.

Objective To compare the differences between the schizophrenics with negative and positive symptoms on prefrontal lobe and thalamus by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H-MRS). Methods 58 negative subtype and 51 positive subtype schizophrenics were examined at prefrontal lobe and thalamus by multivoxel 1H-MRS before antipsychotic treatment The N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds ( Cho), and creatine compounds (Cr) were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr were determined. Results On right thalamus,the NAA/Cr ratio in negative subtype patients ( 1.40 ± 0.29 ) demonstrated lower than that in positive subtype ( 1.62 ± 0.33 ), the same phenomenon were appeared on male, female, non-first-episode, with-medicine and without-medicine patients (P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01 ). The Cho/Cr ratio on right thalamus in negative subtype of female,non-first-episode,without-medicine schizophrenics were lower than those in positive subtype (P ＜ 0.05 ).On left prefrontal lobe,left thalamus and right thalamus, the NAA/Cr ratios both in negative subtype and positive subtype schizophrenics were significantly negatively related with age of onset(P＜0. 05 or 0.01 ). In negative subtype schizophrenics,the Cho/Cr ratio on right thalamus was positively related with age of onset ( r = 0. 25, P ＜0.05 ). In negative subtype schizophrenics of non-first-episode, without-medicine, the correlation was negative between the NAA/Cr ratio and the course of disease( r= -0.48, -0.46, P＜0.05 ) ,and was positive between Cho/Cr ratio and the course of disease on right thalamus( r= 0.58,0.56, P＜ 0.01 ). Conlusion Compared with positive subtype schizophrenics,negative subtype schizophrenics have greater impairments on 1 H-MRS on right thalamus. The course of disease has greater effects on 1 H-MRS in negative subtype schizophrenics.

Objective To identify the metabolite levels and to study the potential effects of risporidone tablets on prefrontal lobe and thalamus in male first-episode schizophrenia by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).Methods Twenty-two male first-episode schizophrenics were examined at prefrontal lobe and thalamus by multi-voxel 1H-MRS before and after 8 weeks' risperidone tablets treatment,and 30 normal controls were assessed once.The patients were also received positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS) and Wisconsin card sorting test (WCST) before and after treatment.The N-aeetylaspartate ( NAA ),Choline-congtaining compounds (Cho),and Creatine compounds (Cr) were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr were determined.Results On left prefrontal lobe and left thalamus,the NAA/Cr ratio in patients before treatment demonstrated lower than those in normal controls ( ( 1.37 ± 0.33 ) vs ( 1.61 ± 0.38 ),t =2.57,P ＜ 0.05 ; ( 1.46 ± 0.35 ) vs ( 1.71 ± 0.38 ),t =2.36,P ＜ 0.05 ).There were no significant differences in both the ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr between pre- and post-treatment (P＞0.05 ).The changes of NAA/Cr on left prefrontal lobe post-treatment were negatively related with the alterations of the total score of PANSS ( r =- 0.46,P ＜ 0.05 ),the score of negative symptoms ( r =- 0.48,P ＜ 0.05 ),the responses errors ( r =- 0.42,P ＜ 0.05 ) and the porseverative errors ( r =- 0.40,P ＜ 0.05 ),meanwhile,positively related with the alterations of the categories completed ( r =0.44,P ＜0.05 ) and the conceptual level responses ( r =0.42,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Abnormalities in neuronal function and/or integrity presented on prefrontal lobe and thalamus maybe exist in male first-episode schizophrenics.Short-term antipsvchotic treatment with risperidone tablets may have no effects on measures of prefrontal lobe and thalamus.

ortant risk factor for chronic kidney diseases.

Objective To identify the activity of HCV IRES translation differences and identify the relationship between HCV IRES translation activity and ROS in different concentrations of ferric ammonium citrate ( FAC) in-duction.Methods 1 ) Expression plasmid pCI-Rluc-HCV IRES-Fluc was confirmed by endonuclease digestion as well as luciferase transient expression in Huh-7 cell;2) Controlled by dual-luciferase reporter assay, the differ-ent translation activity of HCV internal ribosomal entry site ( IRES ) was examined in a concentration of 50 μmol/L and 300μmol/L of FAC induction;ROS fluorescent staining method was used to detect the activity of ROS in Huh-7 cells, Western blot method was used to detect the protein expression changes of Nrf2 in Huh-7 cells;3) On the basis of the above experiments, 100 μmol/L DPI was added in 300 μmol/L FAC experimental group, to analyse the changes of HCV replication and ROS production after joining DPI.Results The generation of ROS and the activity of luciferase in the model group were significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05 ) .FAC can enhance the expression of HCV IRES and increase the production of ROS , then causing Nrf2 expression in Huh-7 cell.However,after adding ROS inhibitor DPI, the above functions in Huh-7 cell were weakened.Conclusions The increase of HCV IRES expression induced by FAC is related to excessive ROS pro-duction induced by FAC in Huh-7 cells.

Objective To assess the risk factors of the in-hospital mortality of acute type A aortic dissection after operation. Method From January 2003 to June 2008,185 patients, 144 males and 41 females, with acute type A aortic dissection operated on were enrolled. The average age of patients was (49.46 ± 11.04 ) years old.The patients' demographics, history, clinical features, and some laboratory examinations were reviewed. Univariate and multivariate analysis followed by logistic regression analysis were carried out to identify the predictors of inhospital mortality. Results The in-hospital mortality rate was 9.1%. The results of univariate and multivariate analyses as follows: pre-operation positive neurological symptom (Univariate OR = 5.084,95%CI:1.792 -14.426, P = 0.002; Multivariate OR = 5.538,95%CI: 1.834 - 16.721, P = 0.002, respectively), hypotension (Univariate OR = 6.986,95%CI:1.510- 32.323,P =0.013; multivariate OR = 1.998,95%CI:0.315-12.679,P = 0.463, respectively) and renal failure (Univariate OR = 3.594,95%CI:1.237 - 10.438,P =0.019; Multivariate OR = 3.254,95%CI:1.034- 10.242, P= 0.044, respectively). Conclusions There are two predictors, pre-operation positive neurological symptom and renal failure, of pre-hospital mortality found in current analyses. Our results may improve the regimen made by cardiac surgeons and emergency doctors so as to help patients and their relatives to make correct decision.

Objective To identify the metabolite levels in prefrontal lobe and thalamus in patients of schizophrenia with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Methods Twenty-six schizophrenics with medicine-free for at least 7 d and 28 normal controls were assessed in this study. All subjects underwent examination of multi-voxel 1H-MRS on prefrontal lobe and thalamus within 24 h. The NAA, Cho and Cr were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr and NAA/(Cho+Cr) were determined. Results Compared with the controls, the NAA/Cr ratio of schizophrenics was significantly lower in left prefrontal lobe and bilateral thalamus (all P＜0.05). No statistical difference of NAA/(Cho+Cr) ratio and the Cho/Cr ratio was found between two groups. Conclusion Abnormalities in neuronal function and/or integrity are present at left prefrontal lobe and bilateral thalamus simultaneously in schizophrenics.

Objective:To analyze the clinical and imaging characteristics of pulmonary artery sling (PAS) in children and to explore its diagnosis and treatment strategies and risk factors.Method:s A retrospective study was performed in 98 pediatric patients with PAS who were admitted to Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, from January 2011 to October 2018.All their clinical features, imaging examination, treatment and prognosis were reviewed and analyzed.Result:s (1) Among the 98 patients with PAS, 56 cases were male and 42 cases were female.The age range of onset was 0-19 months with the median age of 2 months, and the age range of diagnosis was 0-84 months with the median age of 4 months.(2) The main clinical manifestations were cough (61/98 cases, 62.24%), recurrent wheezing(47/98 cases, 47.96%), shortness of breath (43/98 cases, 43.88%), cyanosis (19/98 cases, 19.39%), and laryngeal stridor (8/98 cases, 8.16%) and so on.(3) Ninety-six patients underwent cardiac ultrasonography, and the diagnostic rate was 87.50%(84/96 cases), and 62 cases (62/96 cases, 64.58%) of them were found to be associated with other congenital cardiovascular anomalies, among which atrial septal defect was the most common (32/96 cases, 33.33%). (4) Chest CT and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed in 92 PAS children, and the diagnostic rate was 100.00%.Airway stenosis was mainly in the middle and lower sections of the main bronchus (76/92 cases, 82.61%), and bronchobridge was found in 13 cases (13/92 cases, 39.13%). Bronchoscopy was performed in 77 children with PAS, showing complete tracheal cartilage ring in 43 cases (43/77 cases, 55.84%), and tracheobronchomalacia in 13 cases (13/77 cases, 16.88%). (5) Among 67 cases who had received left pulmonary artery (LPA) reimplantation, 5 cases died after operation because of airway stenosis and weaning failure (LPA reconstruction was performed in 1 case, and both LPA reconstruction and tracheal intervention were performed in the other 4 cases), 24 cases lost to follow-up, 38 cases survived, and the respiratory symptoms were improved in 2 to 96 months of follow-up.There were 31 cases of non-surgical treatment, of which 18 cases died of respiratory failure, 7 cases lost to follow-up, and the rest 6 cases showed respiratory symptoms of different degrees in the follow-up period.(6) Multivariate regression analysis showed that conservative treatment was an independent risk factor affecting the prognosis of PAS ( OR=7.45, 95% CI: 1.23-48.68). Conclusions:The combination of cardiac ultrasound, chest CT and bronchoscopy is important to the diagnosis of PAS.LPA reconstruction is the main method to treat PAS, which can improve respiratory symptoms, but its fusion with tracheal intervention poses a high risk of death.Conservative treatment is an independent risk factor that affects the prognosis of PAS children.