Objective To evaluate the changes of urodynamics in female patients with diabetic cystopathy.Methods Fifty six female patients with diabetic cystopathy were enrolled in the study , including 31 cases with diabetic course <15 years ( groupⅠ) and 25 cases with diabetic course ≥15 years ( group Ⅱ) .Urodynamic examination was performed in all patients and the urodynamic parameters were compared between two groups.Results The average residual urine volume , the volume of first bladder sensation and the max bladder capacity in groups ⅠandⅡwere (35 ±16)ml and (65 ±24) ml,(220 ± 76)ml and (330 ±88) ml, (380 ±92) ml and (580 ±122) ml, respectively; 3 out 31 and 16 out of 25 patients in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ showed low compliance .The above indexes between two groups were statistically significant ( P<0.01).Conclusion Urodynamics can indicate the severity of functional damage of urinary bladder in patients with diabetic cystopathy .

Objective To investigate the expression of oxidative stress related factors,such as,superoxide dismutase (SOD),heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1),malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) and explore the possible role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of IMN.Methods Serum,urine and renal tissue of 40 patients with IMN,20 patients with secondary membranous nephropathy (SMN),and 20 patients with minimal change nephropathy (MCD) were collected from the nephrology department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.All of them were diagnosed by renal biopsy from January 2016 to June 2016.Serum,urine and renal tissue of 20 healthy persons were collected as the normal control (NC).The expressions of SOD,HO-1,and 8-OHdG in renal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry.The levels of SOD,HO-1,MDA and 8-OHdG in serum and urine specimens were detected by ELISA.The relationship between oxidative stress related factors and proteinuria in IMN was investigated as well.Results The expressions of SOD,HO-1 and 8-OHdG were significantly higher than those in MCD group and NC group in renal tissue;the expression of SOD in IMN group was significantly higher than that in MCD group and NC group in serum (all P ＜ 0.01).The expressions of HO-1,MDA and 8-OHdG in the serum and urine of the IMN group were significantly higher than those of the MCD group and the NC group (all P ＜ 0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between the urine expression of 8-OHdG and MDA and proteinuria in the IMN group.Conclusions Oxidative stress-related factors in IMN patients are elevated,which is closely related to clinical manifestations.In that sense,it is confirmed that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of IMN.

Chitosan has natural abundance, unique bioactivity and attractive physicochemical properties. Recent years, the synthesis of chitosan-based metal nanomaterials has attracted increasing attention. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles utilizing biomolecular or organism offers a mild medium, and thus a greater degree of control over the nanoparticles produced, along with higher reproducibility. In particular, preparation of metal nanoparticles based on biomolecular or organism has its unique facility in integrating "minimum feature sizes" into labile biological components to an excellent synergy and bifunctional effect and consequently a more broad application. Herein, we review the new development of chitosan, chitosan-based synthesis of metal nanomaterials, and their application.
Catalysis ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Metal Nanoparticles ; chemistry ; Oxidation-Reduction

The purpose of the study was to investigate the influencing factors of mortality rate in the bone marrow transplantation in mice. The recipient mice receiving whole-body irradiation of gamma-ray were infused with the same strain of bone marrow cells or the mixture of the bone marrow cells and splenocytes respectively. Experiments were carried out in four batches, with different strains of mice used, respectively. The manifestations and the appearance of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were observed, as well as the mortality rate within 35 d of the transplantation in the recipient mice. The mortality rate of the first group of recipient mice was the lowest, the mortality rate of the second group of recipient mice was the highest and the obvious GVHD performance was observed before death. In the third group, the mortality rate declined and there was statistical significance compared to that of the second group. The mortality rate of the fourth group of mice was higher than that of the third group, but still lower than that of the second group of mice and there is a statistical significance. This evidence suggested that mouse genetic purity, splenocytes, the ratio of the bone marrow cells and splenocytes and the week-old of the mouse could be the important influencing factors of the mortality rate in mouse bone marrow transplantation.
Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; mortality ; Cell Transplantation ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; immunology ; mortality ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Mice, Transgenic ; Spleen ; cytology ; Survival Rate ; Whole-Body Irradiation

Objective:To evaluate the teaching effect of moral education materials implied in scientific research cases in the teaching of "Experimental Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)".Methods:The moral education materials implied in scientific research cases of "Experimental TCM" were extracted and skillfully integrated into the teaching of professional knowledge. A questionnaire survey was conducted with questions as "whether it is good to demonstrate the potential humanistic spirit by case teaching, whether this helps improve your interest in science and whether this teaching form affects your study, life and work attitude in the future" "Ten specific items from scientists' moving deeds that touch students and their recognitions" to assess the teaching effect.Results:95.8 percent of students affirmed this teaching form and thought it helped improve their interest in scientific exploration. 87.5 percent of students considered the humanistic spirit would affect their study, life and work in the future. 77.1-89.6 percent of students held a positive attitude to the ten items derived from the scientists' moving stories. Among these items, the percentages of the two items, "the spirit of being able to endure loneliness, work hard to make contributions selflessly without seeking for rewards or reputations" and "having respect forpeople and their scientific research achievements with courage to challenge the authorities of scientific research" are the lowest and highest, respectively.Conclusion:It is good to apply the moral education materials implied in the scientific research cases in the teaching of "Experimental TCM", which basically achieves the teaching goal, but there is still room for improvement.

Experimental Traditional Chinese Medicine is an emerging discipline that plays an important role in cultivating innovative talents of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In recent years, with the rapid development of TCM and the new requirements of positioning, and also combined with the college students' cognitive characteristics, we have revised and republished the "Experimental TCM" (Third Edition) textbook, which focuses on introducing knowledge by adopting relevant scientific research cases. This test book was used in the teaching of undergraduates of batch 2013 in the eight-year program in Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. After-class questionnaires showed that this teaching mode, guided by scientific research case, is not only helpful for students to develop their quality and ability of adopting modern experimental methods initially in the study and development of TCM, but also able to spread the great achievements of TCM researches. The teaching mode is also conducive to enhancing students' sense of responsibility for the modernization of TCM. Therefore, it is suggested that the course of Experimental TCM should be promoted in the colleges and universities of TCM.

Objective To analyze the diagnostic values of H2FPEF and HFA-PEFF scores for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF)and HFpEF complicated with atrial fibrillation(HFpEF-AF)in Chinese patients and explore the related factors.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted.A total of 835 consecutive HFpEF patients treated in the Department of Geriatric Cardiology,the First Hospital of Lanzhou Uni-versity from 2009 to 2020 were selected and assigned to a HFpEF-AF group(n =267)and a HFpEF group(n = 568)according to the presence of AF or not.HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores were used for retrospective diagnosis and the diagnostic consistency of the two scores was assessed.One hundred and thirty-six healthy volunteers with age and sex matching the patients during the same period were selected as healthy controls.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were established for H2FPEF and HFA-PEFF scores in diagnosing HFpEF-AF and HFpEF,on the basis of which the diagnostic performance of the two scores was evaluated.Results There was no difference in the HFA-PEFF score between the two groups(P =0.070).However,the HFpEF-AF group had higher mean H2FPEF score and higher proportion of patients with the score no less than 6 than the HFpEF group(P<0.001).According to the ROC curves,HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores demonstrated high perform-ance in diagnosing all HFpEF patients,with the area under the curve(AUC)of 0.892 and 0.922 and the opti-mal cut-offs of 4 and 4,respectively.The HFA-PEFF score showed similar performance in diagnosing HFpEF and HFpEF-AF,with the AUC of 0.899 and 0.911,respectively.The H2FPEF score had higher performance in di-agnosing HFpEF-AF(AUC of approximately 1.000)and low performance in diagnosing HFpEF(AUC of 0.885).Conclusions The HFA-PEFF score is applicable in the diagnosis of both HFpEF and HFpEF-AF.The H2FPEF score may underestimate HFpEF in Chinese patients,and its applicability in the Chinese patients with HFpEF alone remains to be investigated.

Objective:To recognize the overall situation of the core competency of medical professional postgraduate, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the training process, and provide basis for better optimization and revision of training objectives and training plans.Methods:An anonymous online questionnaire was conducted among 264 postgraduates majoring in clinical medicine to recognize the cognition and self-evaluation of core competence, and analyze the differences in scores of different grades and types. SPSS 23.0 was used for independent-samples t test; and one-way analysis of variance to analyze categorical variables. Results:The doctoral degree students' core competency results were higher than those of master degree students, and those of the senior students were higher than junior students ( P<0.05). "System Improvement Ability" [master degree students (2.94±1.07), first-year students (2.82±0.97)], "Patient Management" [(first-year students (2.77±1.22)], "Academic Research" [first-year students (2.90±1.03)], and 4 other indicators were the weakness of students (all less than 3 scores). Conclusion:The students have a good sense of professional identity for doctors. The different depth of the clinical practice education is the possible cause which brings about the differences among students with different degrees. We should focus on strengthening the training for the "shortcomings" in the core competence of students.

Objective:To investigate the risk factors for axial deviation in the treatment of tibial defect susing Orthofix unilateral external fixator and proximal tibial osteotomy for bone transport.Methods:A retrospective study was performed to analyze the clinical data of 90 patients who had been treated for tibial bone defects by the Orthofix unilateral external fixator at Department of Microrepair and Reconstruction, The First Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University from May 2012 to June 2019. There were 77 males and 13 females with a mean age of 41.2 years (from 17 to 63 years).The bone defects ranged from 4 to 13 cm in length. According to the Paley criteria for axial deviation, the 90 patients were divided into 2 groups: a deviation-free group with no axial deviation or an axial deviation ≤5° and a deviation group with an axial deviation>5°. The 2 groups were compared in terms of age, number of prior surgery, defect length, placement angle of Schanz screws, external fixation time, external fixation index and bending degree of Schanz screws at the last follow-up.The factors with P<0.05 were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression to find the risk factors for coronal axial deviation. Results:The 90 patients were followed up for an average of 23 months (from 12 to 40 months). The incidence of axial deviation in this cohort was 36.7% (33/90).The deviation group had a significantly larger number of prior surgery [5 (3, 6) times], a significantly longer defect length [8 (8, 9) cm], a significantly longer external fixation time [400.0 (341.8, 426.3) d], and a significantly greater bending degree of Schanz screws at the last follow-up [1.2° (0.4°, 3.5°)] than the deviation-free group [3 (2, 3) times, 6 (5, 8) cm, 340.8 (226.5, 422.8) d, and 0.8° (0.2°, 3.7°)] (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the number of prior surgery ( OR=2.581, 95% CI: 1.496-4.450, P=0.001) and the defect length ( OR=5.310, 95% CI: 1.952-14.442, P=0.001) were the risk factors for the axial deviation. Conclusion:In the treatment of tibial defect susing Orthofix unilateral external fixator and proximal tibial osteotomy for bone transport, the more prior surgeries and the longer a bone defect, the higher the risk for axial deviation.

ObjectiveTo investigate the molecular mechanism by which Si Junzitang in intervening in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） by regulating the O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification （O-GlcNAcylation） of nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） p65 in the paracancerous tissues. MethodThe orthotopic liver cancer mouse model was established. Twenty-four C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups： Normal group， model group， Si Junzitang low-dose group （10 g·kg^-1）， and Si Junzitang high-dose group （25 g·kg^-1）， with 6 mice in each group. The O-GlcNAcylation level and phosphorylation modification level of p65 in the paracancerous tissues were detected using Western blot. The O-GlcNAcylation of p65 was assessed using immunoprecipitation （IP）. The mRNA expression of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）， vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGFA）， matrix metalloproteinase-2 （MMP-2）， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） in the paracancerous tissues was detected using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The tumor number， liver weight， locomotor activity， grip strength， and Qi status of the mice were observed and analyzed. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed a significant decrease in O-GlcNAcylation in the paracancerous tissues （P<0.01）， a significant decrease in p65 O-GlcNAcylation （P<0.01）， a significant increase in p65 phosphorylation （P<0.01）， significantly elevated mRNA levels of cytokines IL-6， TNF-α， TGF-β₁， VEGFA， MMP-2， and MMP-9 （P<0.01）， significantly increased liver weight （P<0.01）， significantly declined grip strength， number of grid crossings， and number of vertical stand-ups （P<0.01）， and significantly dwindled Qi status （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the Si Junzitang low-dose and high-dose groups showed significantly increased levels of O-GlcNAcylation in the paracancerous tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）， significantly upregulated p65 O-GlcNAcylation levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and significantly decreased p65 phosphorylation levels （P<0.01）. In the Si Junzitang low-dose group， the mRNA levels of IL-6， TGF-β₁， and VEGFA significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In the Si Junzitang high-dose group， the mRNA levels of IL-6， TNF-α， TGF-β₁， VEGFA， MMP-2， and MMP-9 significantly decreased （P<0.01）， the number of tumors larger than 3 mm in diameter significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and liver weight significantly decreased （P<0.05）. Additionally， grip strength， number of grid crossings， and number of vertical stand-ups significantly increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， along with a significant increase in qi status （P<0.01）. ConclusionSi Junzitang can inhibit the progression of orthotopic HCC in mice， which may be achieved by increasing the O-GlcNAcylation level in the paracancerous tissues， enhancing the O-GlcNAcylation of p65， inhibiting the phosphorylation modification of p65， and ultimately suppressing the expression of downstream IL-6， TNF-α， TGF-β₁， VEGFA， MMP-2， and MMP-9.