Objective To observe the effect of cluster needling at scalp acupoints on cognitive function in Alzheimer disease (AD), and to elucidate its mechanism. Method Seventy eligible patients with cognitive impairment were randomized into two groups by their admission number. The treatment group was intervened by cluster needling at scalp acupoints plus oral administration of Fluoxetine hydrochloride, while the control group was by ordinary acupuncture. Two treatment courses later, the two groups were observed and compared in therapeutic efficacy and Activities of Daily living (ADL). Result There was a significant difference in comparing the total effective rate between the two groups (P＜0.05), the ADL scores dropped significantly in both groups after intervention (P＜0.01), and the decrease in the treatment group was statistically more significant (P＜0.01). Conclusion Cluster needling at scalp acupoints can effectively improve cognitive impairment in AD patients, and can promote the quality of life.

Objective To investigate influence of dexmedetomidine on postoperative cognitive function in elder patients after hip re-placement surgery under spinal anesthesia. Methods Forty elderly patients with ASAⅠ~Ⅲ,undergoing hip replacement with spinal anesth-sia,were randomly divided into dexmedetomidine group( group A) and normal saline group( group B) ,with 20 patients in each group. Dexme-detomidine was given with 1 μg/kg after anesthesia and followed with 0. 5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 in group A. The equal volume of normal saline was infused in group B. Cognitive function was evaluated before anesthesia,3 and 7 days after surgery by mini-mental state examination( MMSE) . The intraoperative concentration of TNF-α,IL-6,MDA were detected at the time of before surgery(T0),end of surgery(T1),3 days after sur-gery(T2),7 days after suegery. Results There was no significant difference in MMSE score before anesthesia between the two groups (P>0. 05). The difference of MMSE score at postoperative 3 days between two groups was statistical significance (P<0. 05). The MMSE score recovered normal in both groups 7 days later. There was no significant difference of TNF-α,IL-6,MDA concentration at T0 between two groups(P>0. 05). Compared with T0,the concentration of TNF-α,IL-6,MDA at T1,T2 in group B increased,the difference was significant. And the concentration of IL-6 at T1 in group A decreased,compared with that at T0,the difference was significant(P<0. 05). The concentra-tion of TNF-α,IL-6 at T1,T2 and MDA at T2 in group A were lower than those in group B,the difference was significant. (P<0. 05). Con-clusion Dexmedetomidine can decreased the concentration of TNF-α,IL-6,MDA,and improve the postoperative cognitive dysfunction of eld-erly patients who finished the hip replacement surgery under spinal anesthesia.

AIM:To compared the differential sensitivity of nicotinic acetycholine receptors (nAChRs) consisting of α and β subunits with different ratios.METHODS:The cRNA of α and β subunits was obtained by in vitro transcription.The α3β2 and α3β4 nAChR subtypes were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by microinjection of cRNA coding α and β subunits at α∶β ratios of 1∶10, 1∶1 and 10∶1.The pharmacological activities of nAChRs to agonist acetycholine (ACh) and antagonist α-conotoxin (CTx) RegⅡA were investigated by two-electrode voltage-clamp techniques.RESULTS:For α3β2 nAChR expressed at the ratios of 1∶10, 1∶1 and 10∶1, the EC50 values of ACh were 91.2 μmol/L, 104.4 μmol/L and 130.6 μmol/L, respectively, while the IC50 values of α-CTx RegⅡA were 40.2 nmol/L, 36.4 nmol/L and 42.3 nmol/L, respectively.For α3β4 nAChR at the ratios of 1∶10, 1∶1 and 10∶1, the EC50 values of ACh were 44.0 μmol/L, 110.0 μmol/L and 230.0 μmol/L, respectively, while the IC50 values of α-CTx RegⅡA were 226.8 nmol/L, 71.5 nmol/L and 49.4 nmol/L, respectively.CONCLUSION:The results imply that the α3 and β4 subunit stoichiometry can change the structure and pharmacological activity of α3β4 nAChR, but the stoichiometry of α3 and β2 subunits has no effect on α3β2 nAChR.

Objective Conduct routine microbiological monitoring of laboratory rats and mice from vendors to provide an important basis for the scientific management of laboratory animal facility and ensure the reliability of relevant experimental data obtained from laboratory animals.Methods Taking the Department of Laboratory Animal Science of Fudan University as an example, between April 2021 and April 2023, rats and mice purchased from 7 vendors were sampled for microbiological quality according to the principle of simple random sampling on the arrival days of animal delivery. Then, surveillance tests were conducted to examine the microbiological contaminations according to the national standards of SPF laboratory animals.Results The total qualified rate was 80.36%, with 52.63% in SD rat, 82.76% in inbred mice, 86.67% in outbred mice and 86.36% in immunodeficient mice in details. The most frequent bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsilla pneumoniae and Rodentibacter heylii, and their detection rates were 10.76%, 3.16%, 2.53% and 0.63%, respectively. Serological assays demonstrated the highest prevalence for virus was Sendai virus, and the detection rate was 2.53%. In addition to the pathogens those must be excluded from SPF rodents, Entamoeba muris and Enterobacter spp. were also detected in inbred mice, and Klebsiella oxytoca was detected in immunodeficient mice, with the detection rates of 1.15%, 2.30% and 4.55%, respectively.Conclusion There are certain incidences of pathogen infections in laboratory rats and mice from vendors, and an efficient microbiological monitoring of laboratory animals should be implemented in animal facilities, in order to eliminate pathogen infections in laboratory animals, which is required for improving the accuracy of research results and protecting the occupational health of laboratory animal practitioners as well.

OBJECTIVE： To mine and analyze the formulation rules of Chinese patent medicine for cold， and to provide reference for clinical dialectical medication and R&D of new medicine for cold. METHODS： The name， dosage form， formulation， function of curing of Chinese patent medicines for cold were collected from 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopeia （part Ⅰ） and then input into TCM Inheritance Assistant Platform V 2.5； use frequency of TCM were counted. Apriori algorithm and association rules were used to analyze the core medicinal material combination （10％ support and 0.65 confidence）. New formulation combinations were extracted by unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering method. RESULTS： A total of 130 kinds of Chinese patent medicine （196 Chinese patent medicine with the same prescription and different dosage forms） for treating cold were collected， including granules （47）， pills （32）， tablets （31）， mixtures （31）， etc. 264 medicinal materials were involved. The cold syndromes contained wind-heat syndrome， wind-cold syndrome， summer-dampness syndrome and Qi deficiency syndrome. Top 3 medicinal materials in the list of use frequency were Glycyrrhiza uralensis （45.38％）， Scutellaria baicalensis （32.31％） and Platycodon grandiflorus （31.54％）. There were 28 core medicinal material combinations， among which the top 3 were               G. uralensis-P. grandiflorus，  Mentha haplocalyx-P. grandiflorus and S. baicalensis-Forsythia suspensa. New combinations were excavated， including Nepeta cataria-P. grandiflorus-M. haplocalyx-Citrus reticulate-Folium Perillae-Citrus aurantium- Poria cocos， F. suspense-S. baicalensis-Lonicera japonica- Arctium lappa-Fermented soybean. CONCLUSIONS： This study analyzed the formulation rules of Chinese patent medicine for treating cold by using the TCM inheritance assistant platform V2.5， which can provide reference for clinical dialectical medication and R&D of new medicines for cold.