Objective To discuss the manifestations,diagnosis and management of acute superior mesenteric artery embolism.Methods The clinical data of 22 cases of acute superior mesenteric artery embolism(admitted) in our hospital in recent 10 years were analyzed retrospectively.Results The preoperative diagnostic rate was 77.3%.Among them,2 cases who refused operation died(100%);20 cases were subjected to operation,in whom 5 cases underwent simple resection of necrotic bowel and 3 of them died(60%),while 15 cases were subjected to resection of necrotic bowel after removal of the embolus and 5 of them died((33.3)%).The overall mortality was rate 45.5%.Conclusions Acute superior mesenteric artery embolism should be suspected in every patient with sudden abdominal pain,especially in those who have organic cardiac disease.CTA is an effective method for diagnosis of acute superior mesenteric embolism.Early diagnosis and prompt embolectomy are the key points to improve the therapeutic effects.

Objective Assess the value of pleura sliding sign with chest ultrasonography in the prediction of pleura adhesion prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery(VATS).Method 63 patients were evaluated for pleura sliding signs with chest ultrasonography at 9 points along the chest wall prior to thoracotomies and were compared with the findings of the same points during the operation.Methods Pleura sliding signs on 567 points were examined in 63 cases,and 106 points pleura adhesion were found by chest ultrasonography and 72 points were proved by operations.461 points were no pleura adhesion under chest unltrasonography and 495 points had no pleura adhesion confirmed by operations.Results The sensitivity,specificity,negative predictive value,positive predictive value and overall accuracy were 80.56%,90.03%,96.96%,54.72% and 9.07%,respectively.The Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)curve showed that there should be no pleura adhesion if there were more than 8 points positive pleura sliding signs.Conclusion Examination of pleura sliding sign by chest ultrasonography is helpful to predict the presence and location of pleura adhesion prior to VATS.

Objective:To clone and characterize the 16S rRNA of six species in the bacteria infecting respiratory tract to make gene chip.Methods:The primers of the target gene were designed and synthesized,and then the aimed fragment of the 16s rRNA was amplified by PCR and cloned.Finally the recombinant plasmids were characterized.Results:(1)The 16s rRNA gene of six species of bacteria was amplified.It was found that the size of amplified product by PCR was 1 300 bp in E.coli,S.aureus,S.pneumoniae,K.pneumoniae and H.influenzae and that of 1 100 bp in P.aeruginosa.(2)The JM109 transferred by the recombinant plasmid pMD18-T grew in Ampr culture was white colonies.(3)The specific bands could be found by restriction endonuclease and PCR analysis. (4)The sequence of the six bacterial 16s rRNA showed the same as those in the GenBank.Conclusion:The 16s rRNA of six species of bacteria is successfully amplified and cloned into plasmid pMD18-T. It will provide the basis for making gene chip detecting the six species of bacteria infecting respiratory tract.

Objective To investigate the effects of isehemic postconditioning (IPO) on the acute renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in dogs. Methods Fifteen adult male mongrel dogs were randomly divided into three groups with 5 animals in each group. In sham operation group (S), after the dogs were anesthetized, the midline laparotomy was made and right nephrectomy was performed;In I/R group, animals were subjected to the similar surgical procedures, except that the left renal vessels were clamped; In IPO group, the IPO was induced by 6 cycles of reperfusion (30 s) and ischemia (30 s) after 60 min renal ischemia before reperfusion completely. Blood samples were obtained for determination of blood creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations before operation and at 24, 48 and 72 h after operation. The dogs were killed at the thirdday after operation and left kidneys were removed for determination of SOD activity and MDA and MPO concentrations.The apoptosis in the nephridial tissue was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and apoptotic index (AI) was calculated. The changes of renal tissue were examined by a microscope. Results Blood Cr and BUN concentrations in I/R group, IPO group and S group were decreased in turn after operation (P<0. 05). MDA and MPO concentrations were decreased significantly, SOD activity was significantly increased and AI was decreased significantly in IPO group as compared with I/R group at 72 h after operation (P<0. 05). Microscopic examination showed that there was no renal injury in S group and renal I/R resulted in tubular necrosis, medullary hemorrhage congestion and proteinaceous casts in I/R group. The renal I/R injury was significantly attenuated by IPO. In S group, IPO group and I/R group the renal AI was 2. 7 ±1.3, 28. 4 ± 6. 2 and 15.4±4. 1 respectively (P<0. 05). Conclusion IPO can attenuate renal damage induced by I/R by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis and decreasing inflammation.

Objective To investigate the causes and prevention measures for patients with portal hypertension hypersplenism undergone splenectomy plus pericardial devascularization and post-operative portal vein thrombosis (portal vein thrombogenesis,PVT).Methods 178 cases of splenectomy plus devascularization from July 2013 to May 1994 in Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province,including 102 cases of early postoperative application of low molecular heparin anticoagulant for the prevention group,76 cases without anticoagulant medicine as control group.33 cases with PVT found by B ultrasound or CT scan,were treated with urokinase body intravenous thrombolysis,hepatic artery catheterization thrombolysis,intestinal resection of + Fogarty catheter embolectomy vein stump treatment respectively.Results The total incidence of thrombosis was 18.5％ (33/178),prevention group was 8.8％ (9/102),including 7 cases in grade Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ thrombus,in 1 cases,no intestine necrosis.The control group thrombosis rate was 31.6％ (24/76),including 7 cases in grade Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,thrombosis in 17 cases,5 cases of intestine necrosis,two groups of thrombosis rate were significantly differences (x2 =14.932,P =0.000).Thrombus disappeared completely in 7 cases,the thrombus grading decreased in 2 cases in the preventive group after thrombolysis,and thrombus disappeared completely in 6 cases,11 cases of thrombosis degraded in the control group after treatment of thrombolysis,1 case cured by TIPS with thrombolysis and thrombectomy,1 case died of sudden digestive tract bleeding,Among 5 cases of intestinal necrosis,4 cases died and 1 case undergone abdominal exploration being found with intestine & colon necrosis.Conclusions There are a variety of factors causing PVT after splenectomy and devascularization.Early anticoagulation can significantly reduce the incidence of PVT,early discovery and treatment can prevent severe outcome.

Objective To investigate the efficiency and safety of ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction in enhancing β-galactosidase gene (β-gal gene) transfer into human proximal tubular cells(HKCs). Methods β-gal gene was transfected to HKCs as a mark gene with ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction. Cultured HKCs were grouped to receive the following 7 treatments respectively: ultrasound alone; microbubble alone; naked plasmid; ultrasound and plasmid; microbubble and plasmid; ultrasound, microbubble, and plasmid; and VigoFect and plasmid. In Group 6, HKCs were exposed to ultrasound under different sound intensities and time. X-gal stainning, typan blue stainning, and Hochest stainning were used to detect the transfection efficiency, cell survival rate, and cell apoptosis rate, respectively.Results β-galactosidase expression could be observed in the ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction groups. Along with the increasing of sound intensity and exposure time, the cell survival rate of HKCs decreased, and the cell apoptosis rate increased gradually. The transduction efficiency and survival rate in middle intensity (0.3 W/cm~2×60 s) of ultrasound exposure were higher than those of other groups, similar to those of Group 7.Conclusion Under optimum sound intensity and exposure time, ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction can increase gene transfer into HKCs. This non-invasive gene transfer method may be a useful tool for clinical gene therapy.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of establishing a digital model of juxtahepatic vena cava.Methods The clinical data of 120 participants (without liver diseases) who were admitted to the Cangzhou Central Hospital from January 2013 to May 2013 were collected.The results of computed tomography were analyzed.The diameters of juxtahepatic vena cava on different levels (P1 plane:inferior vena cava at the entrance to the right atrium,P2 plane:the upper margin of the roots of hepatic veins,P4 plane:lower boundary of liver,P5 plane:confluence of renal veins and inferior vena cava),and the circumference of the inferior vena cava and the lengths between these levels were recorded.A digital model of juxtahepatic vena cava was established by these data on the premise that the juxtahepatic vena cava was engorged.All data were analyzed using the analysis of variance,paired sample t test and independent samples t test,and correlation and regression were used in analysis of relations between there data.Results Data of the P1 plane and P2 plane were both missed in 3 cases,and the data of the P4 plane was missed in 8 cases.The theoretical diameter of hepatic vena cava at the P1,P2 and P4 planes were (28.1 ± 4.0) mm,(28.7 ± 3.5) mm and (23.5 ± 2.7) mm,respectively.The median diameter of hepatic vena cava at the P5 plane was 24.3 mm.The juxtahepatic vena cava was a 3 dimensional structure of cylinder with a slightly protruding middle part.There were significant differences in P1D-P2D,P2D-P4D,P1D-P4D (F =77.5,P ＜ 0.05).There were significant differences between P2D-P4D and P1D-P4D (t =14.893,11.210,P ＜ 0.05).The median length of hepatic vena cava between P1 and P2 planes was 7.5 mm.The lengths of hepatic vena cava between P1 and P4 planes,P2 and P4 planes were (85.2 ± 11.0)mm and (78.2 ±9.8)mm,respectively.The median length of hepatic vena cava between the P4 and P5 planes was 10.0 mm.P1D-P2D,P2D-P4D,P2D-P5D and P4D-P5D were positively correlated (r =0.862,0.308,0.186,0.788,P ＜ 0.05),while P1D-P4D and P2D-P5D did not correlated (r =0.180,0.118,P ＞0.05).P2D was correlated with the body weight,and P5 D was correlated with the age (r =0.200,0.130,P ＜ 0.05).The P1 D,P2D,P4D and P5 D of the inferior vena cava were (28.5 ± 3.7) mm,(29.0 ± 3.4) mm,(23.9 ± 2.8) mm and (24.3 ± 2.6) mm in males,and (27.8 ±4.2) mm,(28.5 ± 3.6) mm,(23.1 ± 2.5) mm and 24.0 mm in females.There were no significant difference in P1D,P2D,P4D and P5D between males and females (t =0.911,0.809,1.588,1.902,P ＞ 0.05).The length between P1 and P2 planes was negatively correlated with P1D and P2D (r =-0.245,-0.160,P ＜ 0.05),while the length between P4 and P5 planes was positively correlated with P1D (r =0.149,P ＜ 0.05).The length between P2 and P4 planes was positively correlated with P2D (r =0.195,P ＜ 0.05).The length between P1 and P2 planes did not correlated with the age,height and body weight (r =-0.092,-0.047,-0.033,P ＞ 0.05).The lengths between P2 and P4 planes,P1 and P4 planes were negatively correlated with the age (r =-0.343,-0.371,P ＜ 0.05),but positively correlated with the body weight (r =0.271,0.208,P ＜ 0.05).The length between P4 and P5 planes was positively correlated with the height and body weight (r =0.154,0.255,P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant difference in the lengths between P1 and P2 planes,P1 and P4 planes,P2 and P4 planes,P4 and P5 planes between males and females (t =-1.046,-1.274,-0.908,1.375,P ＞ O.05).The length between P2 and P4 planes was similar to the length of retrohepatic vena cava.The length between P2 and P4 planes(mm) =71.23-0.293 × age (years) +0.32 × body weight (kilogram).Conclusion The establishment of digital model of juxtahepatic vena cava based on the computed tomography imaging data is feasible,which provides basis for clinical investigation.

Objective: To perform a cost-benefit analysis of the occupational disease reporting system in China, and to provide a basis for effective resource allocation. Methods: The data on the cost of occupational diseases were collected from China Health Statistics Yearbook 2013, the estimated benefit data were collected from published articles in China and foreign countries, and the probability data were collected from the occupational diseasereports published by health and family planning administrative departments. Adecision-making tree was used for the cost-benefit analysis. Results: The estimated cost of occupational disease reporting was about 102.47 million yuan/year, consisting of a cost of reporting in national medical institutions of 1.25 million yuan/year, a management cost of 30.35 million yuan/year, a management cost in local public health institutions of 69.80 million yuan/year, a management cost in national public health institutions of 370 thousand yuan/year, and a cost of construction and maintenance of reporting system of 700 thousand yuan/year. The results of the decision tree analysis showed that when an occupational disease monitoring system was established, the incremental input for occupational disease monitoring and prevention/control was 2.1 billion yuan/year, the output was 6.5 billion yuan/year, and the benefit of occupational disease reporting system was 4.4 billion yuan/year. Conclusion The benefit of occupational disease reporting system depends on the cost-benefit of occupational disease prevention and control measures, and proper prevention and control measures are extremely important for improving the benefit of occupational disease reporting system.

Objective: To learn about the construction and staffing of the school health system in Chinese institutions for disease prevention and control, and to provide basic information for the school health system, team capacity building and work development. Methods: Electronic questionnaire was used to collect the setting and staffing of school health departments (including school health centers and departments/rooms) at the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels in the centers for disease control and prevention. Statistical analysis was made on the proportion of school health, the number of staff and the characteristics such as age, education, major and working years in the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels. Results: Among the 3 313 institutions, the proportion of independent school health departments was 10.8%, and those of the provincial, prefecture and county (district) levels were 74.2%, 15.0%, and 9.6%, respectively. Among the institutions with separated department, the average number of staff members was 4.4, while the number of staff was 2.5. The average age of school health workers was 40.4 years old, and the proportion of male and female employees was 45.2% and 54.8%. The proportion of personnel who have been engaged in school health work for less than 5 years on average was as high as 65.1%. The majors of the staff were mainly public health ( 40.4 %), 54.0% of the provincial staff had a master s degree or above, and 47.8% and 58.7% of the staff at the prefecture and county (district) levels were junior college or below respectively.The proportion of provincial level personnel with intermediate and senior titles was 69.6%, and the proportion of municipal and countylevel personnel at the junior level and below was 52.2% and 56.2% respectively. Conclusion The proportion of independent school health departments within centers of disease control and prevention across China was low. There is a serious shortage of school health personnel, and there are problems such as low levels of education and professional titles, especially in county (district) level institutions. It is urgent to strengthen the construction of the school health system of the centers for disease control and prevention in China.

Objective: To understand the current status of main professional work in independent school health departments of Chinese centers for disease control and prevention, so as to provide reference and suggestions for the further development of school health work in China. Methods: Electronic questionnaire was used to collect the basic work of school health, the monitoring work, the intervention action of common diseases and the development of health intervention among students in independent school health departments of centers for disease control and prevention in China. Results: Among the 357 institutions that have set up independent school health departments, the implementation rates of school mental health work, safety emergency and risk avoidance health intervention were low, which were 11.8% and 11.5%, respectively. Relying on the project "national monitoring and intervention of common diseases and health influencing factors of students", the overall implementation of health monitoring in schools nationwide was successful, but the overall implementation rate of students nutritional status monitoring and "healthy parents action" were low, accounting for 44.5% and 24.4%, respectively. At the same time, there were still as many as 27.2% institutions that had not carried out the intervention action for common diseases of students which advocated in the monitoring program. The failure rate of county level institutions was higher than that of provincial level and prefecture level institutions, and the failure rate of the central and western institutions was much higher than that of the eastern institutions; the difference was statistically significant( χ 2=30.1, 41.6, P <0.05). Conclusion We should increase support including policy preference, fund guarantee, technical guidance and so on for the school health work of disease control institutions at the grass roots level and in economically underdeveloped areas, so as to ensure the healthy growth of children and adolescents in all respects.