To investigate the the possibility to utilize the cellular fatty acid (CFA) information as a method in Brucella typing, 90 Brucella strains were subjected to the study on CFAs, and all the experimental strains were inoculated on Brucella Agar plates for 48 hours. After that, cells were harvested, saponificated, methylated and extracted to provide fatty acids methylesters for gas chromatography analysis. Based on the CFAs data matrix, dendrogram of 90 experimental strains was generated by SPSS11.5 software package. As shown in the dendrogram, 90 Brucella strains could be divided into 5 clusters. The first cluster included some species of Brucella abortus,Brucella melitensis,Brucella suis, Brucella ovis; and some of the variant strains of Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis and the typical strain of Brucella neotomae. The second cluster included typical strains of Brucella suis (1,2,3 and 5 types); vaccine strains of Brucella suis S2; vaccine strains of Brucella melitensis M28、Rev.1 and typical strain of Brucella ovis. The third cluster included some of Brucella melitensis; some of the variant strains of Brucella melitensis; some of Brucella abortus(3,6 types); Brucella canis and Brucella ovis. The fourth cluster was the typical strain of Brucella canis.and the fifth cluster included some of Brucella melitensis(1 type); some of Brucella abortus (1 type); some of the variant strains of Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis(1,3 type). It is apparent that CFAs information can be used in brucella typing. and Brucella suis and Brucella canis can be distinguished by the difference in the CFA contents of 3 fatty acids 19:0CYCLOω8c, 18:1ω7c and 16:0. The results of CFAs typing in Brucella species show that Brucella canis includes 2 biovars at least and the high homologization of Brucella abortus (3 type) and Brucella abortus(6 type) can be found.

Objective To investigate etiology and pathological morphological characteristics of sudden death caused by non-atherosclerotic aortic dissection. Propose accurate diagnosis of non-atherosclerotic aortic dissection by a proper method to autopsy. Methods A total of 8 cases of non-atherosclerotic aortic dissection from 2007 to 2015 were evaluated and analyzed in the present study. Results Non-atherosclerotic aortic dissection rupture is more common in men under the age of 40. It is lack of a typical clinical symptoms and had no marked history of hypertension. There are no related pathological changes of hypertension observed in autopsy. The pathological type is mainly DeBakey 1, in the main arteries,where it was found that decrease of elastic fibers and smooth muscle, cystic degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration and other changes in media membrane. These changes were also found in the media arteries in 5 cases. Conclusion The etiology of non-atherosclerotic aortic dissection is complex, which is closely associated with many factors, such as genetics and inflammation. It affects the vessels systemically. In addition, systematic examination of large vessels is necessary as well as the examination of the middle arteries during autopsy. It is suggested that genetic tests are carried out for definite diagnosis.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of human brucellosis in Qinghai province from 2005 to 2019 and provide basic data for brucellosis prevention and control.Method:The data about human brucellosis in Qinghai from 2005 to 2019 were collected from the information system of China CDC to describe the spatial, population and time distributions of human brucellosis cases in Qinghai. The isolated strains were identified and typed with traditional methods, BCSP31-PCR, AMOS-PCR and multi-locus variablenumber tandem repeat (MLVA-16).Results:A total of 577 human brucellosis cases were reported in Qinghai from 2005 to 2019, the average prevalence rate was 0.07 per 100 000 person, there were statistic differences among different years. The disease occurred all the year around, but mainly during March-October. The 577 cases were distributed in 31 counties (cities/districts) from 6 autonomous prefectures (cities). The prevalence rats of five counties were high, i.e. Menyuan Hui autonomous county (22.88 %, 132/577), Tianjun county (10.57 %, 61/577)、Xining city (10.57 %, 61/577), Henan Mongol Autonomous County (10.51 %, 58/577) and Haiyan county (9.53 %, 55/577). Age of the cases ranged from 8 years to 82 years, and the male to female ratio of the cases was 1.8∶1 (374/203). The prevalence rate in herdsman (47.83 %, 276/577) was highest among different occupational populations. Ten isolates were all Brucella melitensis strains, belonging to biovar 3, and clustering analysis indicated that the 10 strains had 5 genotypes, in which 2 were distinct, the remaining 3 were same. MLVA-16 analysis indicated that the 10 strains had close relationship with 26 B. melitensis strains isolated in Qinghai previously. Conclusions:The prevalence of brucellosis increased in Qinghai in recent years, we should strengthen the population based brucellosis surveillance and reporting. MLVA-16 indicated the gene diversity of the Brucella strains, suggesting that MLVA-16 can be used for genetic diversity analysis and molecular epidemiology survey to improve brucellosis surveillance.

Objective To screen the most suitable medium for Brucella drug susceptibility test, and observe the resistance of human derived Brucella to different antibiotics. Methods Totally 180 strains of Brucella isolated from 25 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions) in recent years were taken as observation objects. Mueller-Hinton ( MH ) agar , MH blood agar and Brinell agar were used to carried out the drug susceptibility test in vitro, and to compare the results of drug susceptibility test of different medium; the most suitable Brucella drug susceptibility test medium was used to detect the resistance of human derived Brucella to Doxycycline, Rifampicin, Streptomycin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ceftriaxone sodium, Co-trimoxazole and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid by K-B drug sensitive paper, and to observe the formation of antibacterial ring around the drug sensitive paper. Results The growth of Brucella on the MH agar and MH blood agar were slower than that on the Brinell agar, and the antibacterial rings were not obvious. All the 180 strains of Brucella were sensitive to seven antibiotics such as Doxycycline, Rifampicin, Streptomycin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Ceftriaxone sodium, and Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid; and 70 strains of Brucella were resistant to Co-trimoxazole, accounting for 39％ (70/180); Brucella strains resistant to Co-trimoxazole were found in 21 provinces. Conclusions Brinell agar is the most suitable medium for Brucella susceptibility test. The human derived Brucella is resistant to Co-trimoxazole; the resistant strains are distributed in 21 provinces ( municipalities , autonomous regions ) . It is recommended that relevant departm ents of the province ( municipalities , autonomous regions ) carry out epidemiological investigations on the resistance of Brucella, and strengthen the monitoring of drug resistance in clinical drugs of brucellosis patients.

Objective To analyze the etiological characteristics of human Brucella strains isolated, and to improve the precision in control and prevention of brucellosis. Methods In 2016, blood samples were collected from patients in Jingyuan County Gansu Province, and tested via the Rose-Bengal Plate Agglutination Test (RBPT) and the tube agglutination test methods,and serological positive blood samples were inoculated to bidirectional blood culture bottle for culturing, and further identified by traditional biological classification method and the Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella suis species-specific PCR (AMOS-PCR). Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat sequence analysis (MLVA) -16 was used to detect molecular typing and do cluster analysis. Results The isolated strain was identified by the traditional biological classification method, bacteria could grow in thionine and reddened dye, A and M factors agglutination tests were positive, Bk2phage treatment of bacterial strain cracking, but Tb, Wb phages were not cracked. AMOS-PCR amplification result showed a 731 bp band, which was a strain of Brucella melitensis. The results of MLVA-16 showed that there was a difference in the number of repeats on some Variaable Number of Tandem Repeat(VNTR)sites of the isolated strain. Clustering analysis showed that, the isolated strain was clusted into the same clade with the clustering of Brucella melitensis type 3 from GS-201605 in Gansu. And the clustering was similar compared with that of Zhejiang, Guangdong, Fujian and Yunnan. Conclusion Human brucellosis is a inputting transmission in Gansu Province, there is a genetic variation of genotype 3 sheep Brucella between Gansu Province and other domestic provinces.

On September 7th, 2017, one female patient, aged 48 years with deep partial-thickness flame burn on face, upper limbs, trunk, and lower limbs of 40% total body surface area was admitted to the First People′s Hospital of Foshan City. After admission, active fluid replacement, anti-infection, nutritional support, and other treatments were performed. After debridement and skin grafting for 3 times and blood transfusion for 2 times, the patient recovered well. On the 20th day post admission, sudden heartbeat and respiratory arrest happened, and the patient died after ineffective rescue. Autopsy showed that thrombus formed in right internal jugular vein and deep veins of lower extremities, and vascular lumina of the bilateral pulmonary artery. The direct cause of death was acute pulmonary thromboembolism, but whether the embolus originated from deep vein of lower extremity or right internal jugular vein was not clear. This case suggests that clinician should not only pay attention to the prevention of deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities of burn patients, but also the possibility of internal jugular vein thrombosis, especially for patients with internal jugular vein access.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the morphological features and forensic pathological characteristics of cardiac ruptures of different causes for their differential diagnosis. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 44 autopsy cases of cardiac rupture from 2014 to 2017 in our institute, including 11 cases caused by blunt violence with intact pericardium, 4 caused by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 9 by myocardial infarction, and 20 by aorta dissection rupture.The gross features and histopathological characteristics of cardiac rupture and pericardial effusion were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: Cardiac ruptures caused by blunt violence varied in both morphology and locations, and multiple ruptures could be found, often accompanied with rib or sternum fractures; the volume of pericardial effusion was variable in a wide range; microscopically, hemorrhage and contraction band necrosis could be observed in the cardiac tissue surrounding the rupture.Cardiac ruptures caused by CPR occurred typically near the apex of the right ventricular anterior wall, and the laceration was often parallel to the interventricular septum with frequent rib and sternum fractures; the volume of pericardial blood was small without blood clots; microscopic examination only revealed a few hemorrhages around the ruptured cardiac muscular fibers.Cardiac ruptures due to myocardial infarction caused massive pericardial blood with blood clots, and the blood volume was significantly greater than that found in cases of CPR-induced cardiac rupture ( < 0.05);lacerations were confined in the left ventricular anterior wall, and the microscopic findings included myocardial necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and mural thrombus.Cardiac tamponade resulting from aorta dissection rupture was featured by massive pericardial blood with blood clots, and the blood volume was much greater than that in cases of cardiac ruptures caused by blunt violence, myocardial infarction and CPR ( < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and lateral thrombi around the cardiac rupture, along with pericardial blood clots, are all evidences of antemortem injuries.
Aneurysm, Dissecting ; complications ; Aortic Aneurysm ; complications ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; adverse effects ; Forensic Pathology ; Heart Rupture ; etiology ; pathology ; Heart Rupture, Post-Infarction ; pathology ; Humans ; Myocardial Contusions ; complications