Objective: A HPLC method for determination of emodin and rhein in Niuhuangjiedu Tablets was established. Methods: The chromatographic conditions were listed below: Diamonisil ODS C 18 column, UV detector at 254nm of wavelength, a mobile phase of methanol water phosphate acid(720∶280∶1),and 1mL?min -1 of flow rate. The retention time of emodin was 8.49 min and that of rhein was 15.56min. Results: The calibration curves were linear for emodin within 0.469～1.407?g( r =0.9992) and for rhein within 0.3125～ 0.9375?g ( r = 0.9992). The recoveries were 98.2%( RSD =0.43%)for emodin and 98.4%( RSD =0.72%)for rhein, respectively. Conclusion: This method is simple and the separate result is satisfactory.

0.05).Conclusion:Helicid had no effects on the early development of central nervous system in rat offspring.

0.05).Conclusion The administration of helicid to pregnant rats did not affect the early development of nervous system, neurobehavioral function and brain histology of offspring.

Objective To explore the maternal toxicity in Wistar rats induced by exposure to methylmercury in rats during pregnancy Methods The parameters of physiological development,reproductive process and brain histomorphology were observed and monoamine neurotransmitters(noradrenaline,dopamine and 5 HT) were determined during pregnancy and lactation periods,continuous oral perfusion with methylmercury with different concentrations of 0 00,0 01,0 05 and 2 00 mg/(kg?d) was performed during the 6th~9th day after conception to terminal pregnancy Results The levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in brain tissue of maternal rats in exposure groups increased significantly compared with those in control group(P

Objective: To observe the effect of hypoxia on changes of proliferation ability of cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFS) in vitro. Methods: HPLFS were randomly divided into two groups (experimental group and control group) by different oxygen concentrations. The oxygen concentration of control group was 21%. The oxygen concentrations of experiment group were 10%, 5% and 2%. The proliferation ability of HPLFS was detected by MTT colorimetric assay. The cell ultrastructure was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results: MTT assay results showed that compared with the control group, at the 12 h and 24 h, cell proliferation was enhanced with the hypoxia degree. At 24 h, cell proliferation showed significant differences. At 48 h and 72 h, proliferation of the cultured HPLFS in severe hypoxia group reduced significantly. Observed by TEM, at 24 h, not only the number of mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum but also cell process increased in the cultured HPLFS in severe hypoxia group. At 72 h, the number of lysosome increased and the cell structure degenerated. Conclusion: Long-time severe hypoxia may lower the repair and remodeling abilities of periodontium, which might be one of the important etiological factors of periodontal disease under condition of high altitude.

OBJECTIVE To clarify the long-term toxicity to the respiratory system in a rat model of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by a single low-dose of perfluoroisobutylene(PFIB) inhalation expo?sure,and observe the possible beneficial effect of early intervention via Qingkailing(QKL) injection. METHODS Totally 224 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:normal control group in which air exposure was followed by a saline 10 mL · kg-1(ip),QKL control group in which QKL 10 mL · kg-1 was ip given after air exposure,PFIB exposure group in which rats were exposed to PFIB 280 mg·m-3 for 5 min only,and QKL treatment group in which QKL 10 mL·kg-1 was given ip at 1 h after PFIB exposure. Lung functions of rats were measured at 24 h,3,6,12,24,36 and 48 weeks after exposure. The arterial blood gas,lung coefficient,protein content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF),hydroxy?proline(HYP) content in lung tissue and plasma,and other indicators were detected or analyzed. RESULTS Within 24 h after PFIB exposure,the lung coefficient and protein content in BALF were increased significantly(P<0.01),whereas the PaO2(P<0.01) and SaO2(P<0.05) indices in arterial blood decreased significantly in PFIB group compared with normal control. The inhalation time , exhalation time,tidal volume(TV),expired volume(EV)and relaxed time were reduced significantly (P<0.01). However,all the above indicators returned to normal in 3 weeks,but TV,EV and peak expiratory flow were significantly lower than in normal group at 48 weeks(P<0.05). HYP contents in lung tissues,compared with normal control(P<0.05),were reduced significantly within 24 h after PFIB exposure,increased significantly in 6 weeks(P<0.05),then returned to normal in 12 weeks. HYP contents in plasma increased significantly compared with normal control(P<0.05) within 24 h after PFIB exposure but returned to normal in 3 weeks. The protein contents in BALF of QKL treatment group were significantly lower than those in PFIB group(P<0.01) within 24 h after PFIB exposure. From 24 h to 24 weeks after PFIB exposure,changes of pulmonary functions were similar to those in PFIB group. At 48 weeks,TV and EV in QKL treatment group were more significantly increased than those in PFIB group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION Rats with ALI induced by a single low dose of PFIB exposure undergo compensatory repair except for pulmonary capacity and pulmonary ventilation functions. Early treatment with QKL reduces protein content of BALF and alleviates pulmonary edema,and has some beneficial effect on lung function recovery later.

In this paper the theory of autocorrelation algorithm for color flow mapping is analyzed and a new way for ultrasound color flow velocity estimation and real-time display is proposed. The method sets up a mapping table which directly relates to the dynamic display range and has only 256 entries using an inverse mapping method instead of calculating the arctangent value directly. This method is ideal for software implementation and offers an interactive way to the user for changing the dynamic range of flow velocity and thus to increasing the display resolution.
Algorithms ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Humans ; Pulsatile Flow ; physiology ; Rheology ; instrumentation ; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color ; instrumentation ; methods

In order to get real time ultrasound images with clear structure and improved contrast, an adaptive ultrasound sound speed optimization method based on image contrast analysis was investigated. It firstly introduced the dynamic beamforming of ultrasound system, as well as the definition of assumed system's sound speed and the true sound speed propagated in tissues the degrade image quality due to their mismatch was also discussed. After given the pixel gray level value based ultrasound image contrast ratio, the basic idea to precisely estimate the true sound speed for real time system sound speed was proposed. Algorithms have been verified both in tissue-mimicking phantoms with known sound speeds and in vivo ultrasound images, compared with other existing method. The testing results showed that this new method not only produced accurate sound speed for ultrasound image optimization, but also finely met the critical computation requirement for real time applications.
Algorithms ; Humans ; Image Enhancement ; methods ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Sound ; Ultrasonography ; instrumentation ; methods

This paper proposes a technique to denoise the worm artifacts of elastogram using 2-D wavelet shrinkage denoising method. Firstly, strain estimate matrix including worm artifacts was decomposed to 3 levels by 2-D discrete wavelet transform with Sym8 wavelet function, and the thresholds were obtained using Birg6-Massart algorithm. Secondly, all the high frequency coefficients on different levels were quantized by using hard threshold and soft threshold function. Finally, the strain estimate matrix was reconstructed by using the 3rd layer low frequency coefficients and other layer quantized high frequency coefficients. The simulation results illustrated that the present technique could efficiently denoise the worm artifacts, enhance the elastogram performance indices, such as elastographic signal-to-noise ratio (SNRe) and elastographic contrast-to-noise ratio (CNRe), and could increase the correlation coefficient between the denoised elastogram and the ideal elastogram. In comparison with 2-D low-pass filtering, it could also obtain the higher elastographic SNRe and CNRe, and have clearer hard lesion edge. In addition, the results demonstrated that the proposed technique could suppress worm artifacts of elastograms for various applied strains. This work showed that the 2-D wavelet shrinkage denoising could efficiently denoise the worm artifacts of elastogram and enhance the performance of elastogram.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Elasticity Imaging Techniques ; methods ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wavelet Analysis

Objective To find out if there is any difference in intercondylar fossa width and notch width index (NWI) between tibial intercondylar eminence avulsion fracture and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.Methods A retrospective study was conducted of the patients who had sought medical attention at Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery,Drum Tower Hospital from June 2014 to May 2018.There were 10 patients with tibial intercondylar eminence avulsion fracture (4 males and 6 females with an average age of 32.7 ± 9.2 years),13 patients with ACL injury (8 males and 5 females with an average age of 31.8 ± 10.9 years) and 22 patients with simple meniscus injury as controls (13 males and 9 females with an average age of 30.9 ± 10.6 years).They all had MRI examination of the knee before surgery.The width of intercondylar fossa and the width and height of bilateral femoral condyles were measured on high resolution images of MRI axial view.NWI was calculated.The 3 groups were compared in intercondylar fossa width and NWI.Results The 3 groups of patients were comparable because there were no significant differences in gender,age,height,weight or BMI between them (P ＞ 0.05).The intercondylar fossa width in the ACL injury group (17.4 ± 3.5 mm) was significantly smaller than that in the avulsion fracture group (20.8 ± 1.1 mm) or in the control group (20.2 ±2.6 mm) (P ＜ 0.05),but no significant difference was detected between the avulsion fracture group and the control group (P ＞ 0.05).NWI in the avulsion fracture group (0.301 ±0.011) was similar to that in the control group (0.280 ±0.039) (P ＞ 0.05) but significantly higher than that in the ACL injury group (0.25 ± 0.05) (P ＜ 0.05).NWI in the ACL injury group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Intercondylar notch stenosis may be a risk factor for ACL injury but may not be associated with tibial intercondylar eminence avulsion fracture.The difference in pathogenesis between tibial intercondylar eminence avulsion fracture and ACL injury may be associated with their difference in NWI.